Past Questions

Correct option B: fewer

Correct option C: has submitted his report

Option B is correct: Gerund.

In traditional Mizo customary marriage practices, it was a standard custom for the bride to bring certain items with her to her husband's home. Specifically, the 'thul' (a traditional woven basket/container) and 'chempui' (a large knife or dao) were customary items brought by the bride. These items were not merely symbolic but served practical purposes in the household and agricultural life of the time. Option (a) is incorrect because 'pawnpui' is a traditional wrap/cloth usually associated with the woman's attire rather than a specific customary gift brought for the household. Option (b) is incorrect as it pairs pawnpui with chem. Option (d) is incorrect as 'fian' refers to the engagement process/gift and 'thlengpui' is not the standard customary item associated with the bride's arrival in this context.

Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analysis of the process: The question describes a biological process where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This is the fundamental definition of photosynthesis. 2. Mechanism: In photosynthesis, green plants use chlorophyll to capture sunlight, which then drives a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to produce glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen (O2). 3. Evaluating other options: - Respiration (b): This is the opposite process; it breaks down chemical energy (glucose) to release energy for cellular use, often consuming oxygen. - Asphyxia (c): This is a medical condition resulting from the deprivation of oxygen, not a biological energy transformation process. - Oxidation (d): This is a general chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or the addition of oxygen; while it occurs during respiration, it does not describe the transformation of light energy into chemical energy.

Step 1: Analyze the relationship of the capitalized pair (Etymology : Words). Etymology is the scientific study of the origin and history of words. Therefore, the relationship is [Field of Study] : [Subject of Study]. Step 2: Evaluate the options based on this relationship: - Option (a) Psychology : Mind. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. This matches the relationship. - Option (b) Anatomy : Body. Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of the body. This matches the relationship. - Option (c) Philosophy : Language. Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and mind. While there is a branch called 'Philosophy of Language', philosophy as a whole is not the study of language (that would be Linguistics). This does not match the relationship. - Option (d) Archeology : Antiques. Archeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts (antiques). This matches the relationship. Step 3: Since the question asks for the pair that 'does not' exhibit the same relationship, option (c) is the correct answer.

To find the number that does not belong to the series, we examine the differences between consecutive terms: 1. 12 - 6 = 6 2. 21 - 12 = 9 3. 32 - 21 = 11 4. 45 - 32 = 13 5. 60 - 45 = 15 Looking at the sequence of differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. We can see that 9, 13, and 15 are multiples of 3 or follow a pattern of increasing by 3 (6, 9, 12, 15). If the difference between the second and third term is 9 (12+9=21) and the difference between the fourth and fifth term is 13, there is a discrepancy. Let's re-evaluate the pattern as an arithmetic progression of differences (adding 3 each time): - 1st difference: 6 - 2nd difference: 6 + 3 = 9 (12 + 9 = 21) - Correct - 3rd difference: 9 + 3 = 12 (21 + 12 = 33) - Here, the series has 32 instead of 33. - 4th difference: 12 + 3 = 15 (33 + 15 = 48) - This doesn't match 45. Let's try another pattern: The differences are consecutive multiples of 3? - 6, 9, 12, 15, 18... - 6 + 6 = 12 - 12 + 9 = 21 - 21 + 12 = 33 (The series says 32) - 33 + 15 = 48 (The series says 45) Let's try the pattern of differences being odd numbers starting from 6 (not possible) or a specific sequence. Wait, let's look at the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. Notice that 9, 11, 13, 15 are consecutive odd numbers. If the pattern is 'consecutive odd numbers', the first difference should have been 7. If the first term was 5: 5, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60. Then differences are 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. However, if we look at the differences 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, the number 6 is the only even number. But usually, these patterns follow a consistent mathematical rule. Let's check: 6 + 6 = 12 12 + 9 = 21 21 + 12 = 33 (Series has 32) 33 + 15 = 48 (Series has 45) Let's check the differences again: 12-6 = 6 21-12 = 9 32-21 = 11 45-32 = 13 60-45 = 15 The differences are 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. Apart from the first term, the differences are consecutive odd numbers (9, 11, 13, 15). If the pattern is 'differences are consecutive odd numbers', the first difference should be 7. 6 + 7 = 13 (But we have 12). Let's look at the series as: 3*2 = 6 3*4 = 12 3*7 = 21 3*10.66 = 32 (No) Let's look at the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the number 32 is replaced by 33: 6, 12, 21, 33, 45, 60 Differences: 6, 9, 12, 12, 15 (No) If the number 32 is replaced by 33, and 45 is replaced by 48... no. Let's look at the differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the first number 6 is replaced by 5: 5, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60 Differences: 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. This is a perfect sequence of consecutive odd numbers. However, usually, in these tests, we look for the 'wrong' number in the existing sequence. If we keep 6, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60: Differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. The sequence 9, 11, 13, 15 is perfectly consistent. The only outlier is the first difference (6). To make the first difference 7 (to match the odd sequence), the first number 6 would have to be 5. Wait, let's check the options: a. 6, b. 12, c. 21, d. 32. If we change 32 to 33: 6, 12, 21, 33, 45, 60. Differences: 6, 9, 12, 12, 15. (No) If we change 12 to 13: 6, 13, 21, 32, 45, 60. Differences: 7, 8, 11, 13, 15. (No) If we change 6 to 5: 5, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60. Differences: 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. (Correct pattern) But let's look at the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. Is there another pattern? 6 = 1*6 12 = 2*6 21 = 3*7 32 = 4*8 45 = 5*9 60 = 6*10 Let's check this: 1 * 6 = 6 2 * 6 = 12 3 * 7 = 21 4 * 8 = 32 5 * 9 = 45 6 * 10 = 60 In this pattern, the second multiplier increases by 1 starting from the third term (6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). The first term is 1*6, the second is 2*6. To maintain the pattern (6, 7, 8, 9, 10), the second term should have been 2*7 = 14. If the series was 6, 14, 21, 32, 45, 60, the multipliers would be (1*6, 2*7, 3*7... no). Let's try: 1*6 = 6 2*6 = 12 3*7 = 21 4*8 = 32 5*9 = 45 6*10 = 60 Wait! Look at the multipliers: Term 1: 1 * 6 = 6 Term 2: 2 * 6 = 12 Term 3: 3 * 7 = 21 Term 4: 4 * 8 = 32 Term 5: 5 * 9 = 45 Term 6: 6 * 10 = 60 The pattern of the second multiplier is 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. If the pattern was 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, then the first term would be 1*5 = 5. If the pattern was 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, then the terms would be: 1*6=6, 2*7=14, 3*8=24, 4*9=36, 5*10=50, 6*11=66. Let's go back to the differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If we change 32 to 33, the differences are 6, 9, 12, 12, 15. If we change 21 to 20, the differences are 6, 8, 12, 13, 15. Let's re-examine the differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the pattern is simply 'differences are odd numbers', then 6 is the odd one out (it's even). If the first difference was 7, the first number would be 5. If the first difference was 5, the second number would be 11. Let's look at the options again: 6, 12, 21, 32. If 32 is the wrong one, what should it be? If the differences are 6, 9, 12, 15, 18... 6 + 6 = 12 12 + 9 = 21 21 + 12 = 33 33 + 15 = 48 48 + 18 = 66 This doesn't match 45 and 60. Wait! Let's look at the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. Is it possible the pattern is: 6 + 6 = 12 12 + 9 = 21 21 + 11 = 32 32 + 13 = 45 45 + 15 = 60 The differences are 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. All differences except the first one are odd. If the first difference was 7, the first number would be 5. If the first difference was 5, the second number would be 11. Let's try another approach. 6 = 2^2 + 2 12 = 3^2 + 3 21 = 4^2 + 5 32 = 5^2 + 7 45 = 6^2 + 9 60 = 7^2 + 11 Look at the additions: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. These are almost all prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11). 9 is the only composite number. If the addition for 45 was 11 instead of 9, it would be 36 + 11 = 47. Let's try: 6 = 3*2 12 = 4*3 21 = 5*4 + 1 32 = 6*5 + 2 45 = 7*6 + 3 60 = 8*7 + 4 Wait! 6 = (2*3) 12 = (3*4) 21 = (4*5) + 1 32 = (5*6) + 2 45 = (6*7) + 3 60 = (7*8) + 4 This is a consistent pattern! Term 1: (2*3) + 0 = 6 Term 2: (3*4) + 0 = 12 Term 3: (4*5) + 1 = 21 Term 4: (5*6) + 2 = 32 Term 5: (6*7) + 3 = 45 Term 6: (7*8) + 4 = 60 But the first two have +0. That's not a clean pattern. Let's try: 6 = 2^2 + 2 12 = 3^2 + 3 21 = 4^2 + 5 32 = 5^2 + 7 45 = 6^2 + 9 60 = 7^2 + 11 Actually, look at the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the first number is 6, the differences are 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the first number is 5, the differences are 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the second number is 11, the differences are 5, 10, 11, 13, 15. Let's look at the options. 32 is an option. If 32 is wrong, what should it be? If the differences are 6, 9, 12, 15, 18... (already checked, doesn't work). Wait, let's look at the differences one more time: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. What if the pattern is: 6 + 6 = 12 12 + 9 = 21 21 + 12 = 33 33 + 12 = 45 45 + 15 = 60 No. What if the pattern is: 6, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60 Differences: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15 If we change 32 to 33, differences are 6, 9, 12, 12, 15. If we change 21 to 22, differences are 6, 10, 10, 13, 15. Let's try: 6 * 1 = 6 6 * 2 = 12 6 * 3.5 = 21 6 * 5.33 = 32 Let's try: 6 = 1*6 12 = 2*6 21 = 3*7 32 = 4*8 45 = 5*9 60 = 6*10 This pattern is: Term(n) = n * (n + 5) for n=1, 3, 4, 5, 6. For n=1: 1 * (1+5) = 6 For n=2: 2 * (2+5) = 14 (But the series has 12) For n=3: 3 * (3+5) = 24 (But the series has 21) Let's try: Term(n) = n * (something) 6 = 1 * 6 12 = 2 * 6 21 = 3 * 7 32 = 4 * 8 45 = 5 * 9 60 = 6 * 10 Wait! 3 * 7 = 21 4 * 8 = 32 5 * 9 = 45 6 * 10 = 60 This is a perfect pattern for the last 4 terms! The formula is Term(n) = n * (n + 4) for n = 3, 4, 5, 6. Let's check for n=1 and n=2: For n=1: 1 * (1 + 4) = 5 (Series has 6) For n=2: 2 * (2 + 4) = 12 (Series has 12) So, if the pattern is Term(n) = n * (n + 4): n=1: 1 * 5 = 5 n=2: 2 * 6 = 12 n=3: 3 * 7 = 21 n=4: 4 * 8 = 32 n=5: 5 * 9 = 45 n=6: 6 * 10 = 60 In this case, the number 6 is the one that does not belong (it should be 5). Let's double check the differences again: 6, 9, 11, 13, 15. If the first term is 5: 5, 12, 21, 32, 45, 60. Differences: 7, 9, 11, 13, 15. This is a perfect sequence of consecutive odd numbers. Therefore, the number 6 is the one that does not belong to the series.

The BioE3 policy was approved by the Government of India (Union Cabinet) to promote high-performance basic research and the development of innovative biotechnology. The 'E3' in BioE3 specifically stands for: 1. Environment: Focusing on sustainable practices and reducing carbon footprints. 2. Economy: Driving economic growth through bio-manufacturing and bio-foundries. 3. Employment: Creating high-skilled jobs in the biotechnology sector. Comparing this to the options: - Option (b) is incorrect because it uses 'Entrepreneurship' instead of 'Employment'. - Option (c) is incorrect because it uses 'Ecology' instead of 'Environment'. - Option (d) is incorrect because it uses 'Ecology' and 'Energy' instead of 'Environment' and 'Employment'.

To find the actual time when a mirror image of a clock is given, we use the standard formula for mirror images of clocks. A clock face represents 12 hours, so the sum of the mirror time and the actual time is always 12:00 (or 11:60 to make subtraction easier). Step-by-step calculation: 1. Mirror Time = 9:30 2. Formula: Actual Time = 11:60 - Mirror Time 3. Calculation: Hours: 11 - 9 = 2 Minutes: 60 - 30 = 30 4. Result: 2:30 Verification: - If the time is 2:30, the minute hand is at 6 and the hour hand is halfway between 2 and 3. In a mirror, the minute hand remains at 6 (vertical axis), and the hour hand moves from the '2.5' position to the '9.5' position (halfway between 9 and 10), which shows 9:30. Comparing with options: - Option (a) 2:30 is correct. - Option (b) 3:30 would be the mirror image of 8:30. - Option (c) 4:30 would be the mirror image of 7:30. - Option (d) 6:30 would be the mirror image of 5:30.

Option B is correct: 1 and 3 only.

During the First World War (1914–1918), the British government recruited a significant number of men from the Lushai Hills (modern-day Mizoram) to serve in the Labour Corps. These recruits were sent to France to assist in logistics, transport, and infrastructure support for the Allied forces. Historical records and Mizo history textbooks specify that approximately 2,150 Mizos were recruited and sent to France during this period. This event is a significant part of Mizo history as it marked one of the first times a large group of Mizos traveled far beyond their hills to experience a global conflict and foreign cultures. Options a, b, and d are incorrect as they do not match the historically documented figure of 2,150.

In the history of education in Mizoram, the formalization of examinations followed the establishment of schools by Christian missionaries and the British administration. The first Lower Primary Examination in Mizoram was officially conducted on December 2, 1906. This marked a significant milestone in the transition from basic literacy to a structured educational assessment system in the region. Options a, b, and d are incorrect as they do not align with the historical records of the first primary examination date.

In traditional Mizo society, the agricultural cycle dictated the social and communal calendar. 'Buh seng' refers to the period after the harvest when the paddy is stored in the granaries. This was a time of abundance and completion of the hardest labor of the year, leading to a period of rest, celebration, and communal festivities, effectively serving as a 'public holiday' or a time of leisure for the village. Other options are incorrect because: - 'Kang ral' refers to the period of clearing or preparing the jungle for cultivation (slash-and-burn), which is a time of intense labor. - 'Lo vah' refers to the act of sowing seeds in the field, which is a critical and busy working period. - 'Rammut' refers to the process of clearing the forest/land for cultivation, which is again a period of heavy physical work rather than a holiday.

Deepor Beel is a permanent freshwater lake located in the Kamrup district of Assam, near the city of Guwahati. It is a critical wetland that serves as a sanctuary for various migratory birds and is a vital habitat for the Asian Elephant. Due to its ecological significance, it was designated as a Ramsar Site (a wetland of international importance) in 2002. Analysis of other options: - Arunachal Pradesh: While it has diverse biodiversity, it does not host Deepor Beel. - Meghalaya: Known for its plateau and rain forests, but Deepor Beel is not located here. - Tripura: Does not contain this specific Ramsar site.

The Rokunga Award is a prestigious literary award in Mizoram, named after the legendary Mizo poet Rokunga. For the year 2024, the award was conferred upon C. Laizawna in recognition of his significant contributions to Mizo literature. The other options listed (C. Chhuanvawra, B. Lalthangliana, and C. Thangmawia) are not the recipients of the 2024 award.

Step 1: Analyze the meaning of the target word. 'Abate' is a verb that means to become less intense, less active, or to decrease in amount, intensity, or degree (e.g., 'the storm began to abate'). Step 2: Identify the goal. The question asks for an 'antonym,' which is a word with the opposite meaning of 'abate.' Therefore, we are looking for a word that means to increase, intensify, or grow. Step 3: Evaluate the options: - (a) Enlarge: To make larger or increase in size/extent. This is the opposite of decreasing or abating. - (b) Decrease: To make smaller or less. This is a synonym of abate. - (c) Decline: To become smaller, fewer, or less; to decrease. This is a synonym of abate. - (d) Slow: To reduce speed. While related to a reduction in intensity, it is not the opposite of abate. Conclusion: Since 'abate' means to decrease, 'enlarge' (increase/expand) is the most appropriate antonym among the given choices.

In the history of Mizo traditional music and folk songs, 'Puma Zai' (songs associated with the Puma/leopard or specific hunting/warrior contexts) were historically replaced or evolved into 'Nilen zai'. Nilen zai refers to a style of singing that became more prevalent as the social structure and cultural expressions of the Mizo people shifted. Tlanglam zai, Chawngchen zai, and Dawn zai are other forms of Mizo folk songs, but they serve different purposes: Chawngchen zai is specifically associated with the Chawngchen festival (celebrating victory in war), and Tlanglam zai is generally associated with hillside or nature-themed songs. Therefore, based on Mizo cultural heritage records, Nilen zai is the correct replacement for Puma Zai.

Step-by-step reasoning: 1. The question asks for a medical imaging method that specifically uses X-rays to create detailed images of the inside of the body. 2. Analysis of options: - EEG (Electroencephalogram): Measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. It does not use X-rays. - ECG (Electrocardiogram): Measures the electrical activity of the heart. It does not use X-rays. - CT Scan (Computed Tomography): This technique uses a rotating X-ray machine and a computer to create cross-sectional 'slices' or detailed 3D images of the body's internal structures. It is fundamentally based on X-ray technology. - MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images. It does not use X-rays (and is often preferred when avoiding ionizing radiation). 3. Conclusion: Only the CT Scan fits the description of being based on X-rays to create detailed internal images.

In traditional Mizo culture, marriage involves the payment of a bride price to the bride's parents as a token of respect and to formalize the union. The principal or main bride price is known as 'Pusum'. - 'Pusum' refers to the primary payment made by the groom's family to the bride's family. - 'Sum zan jut' refers to additional payments or supplementary gifts given during the marriage process. - 'Sumpui' and 'Manpui' are not the standard technical terms used to describe the principal bride price in the context of traditional Mizo customary law.

Step-by-step reasoning: 1. The question asks for the microscopic pores through which ozone (a gaseous pollutant) enters the leaves of plants. 2. Stomata are tiny pores located primarily on the epidermis of leaves that regulate gas exchange (CO2 intake and O2 release) and transpiration. 3. Gaseous pollutants, including ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides, enter the plant tissue primarily through these stomatal openings via diffusion. 4. Once inside, ozone reacts with the cellular components, causing oxidative stress and damage, which makes certain plants act as bio-indicators of air pollution. 5. Analysis of other options: (a) Xylem is a vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves; it is not a pore for gas entry. (b) Phloem is a vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant. (d) Macropores generally refer to larger spaces in soil or specific structural gaps, not the specialized physiological pores used for gas exchange in leaves.

COVAXIN is an inactivated vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech International Limited (BBITL) in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It was the first indigenous vaccine developed in India to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of options: - Option (a) is incorrect because the Serum Institute of India (SII) developed 'Covishield' in collaboration with AstraZeneca, not Covaxin. - Option (b) is correct as Bharat Biotech and ICMR were the primary developers of Covaxin. - Option (c) is incorrect because Pfizer developed its own mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty) in collaboration with BioNTech. - Option (d) is incorrect because Eli Lilly is a pharmaceutical company that did not develop India's first indigenous vaccine.

In traditional Mizo culture, the selection of a new village site was a spiritual and ritualistic process. The 'Rambual' (village scouts/explorers) and 'Sadawt' (the council of elders/advisors) were responsible for this task. The specific ritual involved spending a night at the proposed location with a cock. According to Mizo folklore and traditional customs, if the cock crowed before the actual dawn, it was interpreted as a divine or supernatural sign that the site was auspicious and suitable for settlement. - Option (b) is incorrect because it attributes the selection only to elders and misstates the condition of the cock's crowing. - Option (c) is incorrect because it limits the selection to only 'ramhual' (likely a typo for rambual) and misstates the condition. - Option (d) is incorrect because the selection was not the responsibility of young men, but of the experienced scouts and elders.

Step 1: Analyze the relationship between the numbers in the given set (6:12:18). - The first number is 6. - The second number is 12, which is 6 * 2 (or 6 + 6). - The third number is 18, which is 6 * 3 (or 12 + 6). - The pattern is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 6, or a ratio of 1:2:3. Step 2: Evaluate the options based on this pattern (1:2:3 ratio). - Option a (4:8:14): 4 * 1 = 4; 4 * 2 = 8; 4 * 3 = 12. Since the third number is 14, not 12, this is incorrect. - Option b (12:24:36): 12 * 1 = 12; 12 * 2 = 24; 12 * 3 = 36. This perfectly matches the 1:2:3 ratio (and is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 12). This is correct. - Option c (6:20:26): 6 * 1 = 6; 6 * 2 = 12. Since the second number is 20, this is incorrect. - Option d (0:36:45): 0 * 1 = 0; 0 * 2 = 0. This does not follow the ratio or a consistent additive pattern relative to the first term. This is incorrect. Conclusion: Option b follows the same mathematical logic as the given set.

Rev. William Williams was a pioneering missionary of the Welsh Presbyterian Mission. He arrived in Mizoram (then the Lushai Hills) in 1893. He is highly regarded in Mizo history for his contributions to education and linguistics, specifically for his work in developing the Mizo alphabet and translating religious texts. While the mission efforts began slightly earlier with others, Rev. Williams' arrival in 1893 marks a significant milestone in the establishment of the church and formal education in the region. Options a, b, and c are incorrect as they precede his arrival date.

Chief Khawvelthanga is historically recognized as the first Mizo chief to abolish slavery within his jurisdiction. In 1910, he took the progressive step of freeing all his slaves, which was a significant departure from the traditional social structure of the time. This act occurred during the period of British administration in the Lushai Hills, as the influence of Christianity and colonial laws began to challenge the traditional institution of slavery in Mizo society. The other options (Khamliana, Lalluaia, and Lalruma) were prominent chiefs, but they are not credited with this specific historical milestone of freeing all their slaves in 1910.