← Assistant Professor / Lecturer
Past Questions — 2025
The Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat Campaign launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development pertains to
A)
Prevention of Child Labour
B)
Reduction of Infant Mortality
C)
Prevention of Child Marriage
D)
Prevention of Sexual Harassment
The 'Bal Vivah Mukt Bharat' campaign is a strategic initiative launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD), Government of India. The term 'Bal Vivah' literally translates to 'Child Marriage' and 'Mukt Bharat' means 'Free India'. Therefore, the campaign's primary objective is to create awareness and implement measures to eliminate child marriage across the country.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) Prevention of Child Labour: This is primarily addressed through the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act and campaigns by the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
- Option (b) Reduction of Infant Mortality: This is a healthcare goal addressed through schemes like Janani Suraksha Yojana and the National Health Mission.
- Option (d) Prevention of Sexual Harassment: This is governed by the POSH Act (Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013).
Who is the current CEO of Microsoft?
A)
Sundar Pichai
B)
Indra Nooyi
C)
Satya Nadella
D)
Narayana Murthi
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Identify the current leadership of Microsoft: Satya Nadella took over as the CEO of Microsoft on February 4, 2014, succeeding Steve Ballmer.
2. Evaluate the options:
- (a) Sundar Pichai: He is the CEO of Alphabet Inc. and its subsidiary Google.
- (b) Indra Nooyi: She is the former Chairperson and CEO of PepsiCo.
- (c) Satya Nadella: He is the current CEO of Microsoft.
- (d) Narayana Murthy: He is the co-founder and former chairman of Infosys.
3. Conclusion: Option (c) is the only correct answer.
The Surat Split occurred in 1907 as a result of misunderstanding between-
A)
The Muslims and the Hindus
B)
The British officials and leaders of the Indian National Congress
C)
The Moderates and the Extremists
D)
The Bengalis and the British
The Surat Split of 1907 was a pivotal event in the history of the Indian National Congress (INC). It was caused by a deep ideological divide between two factions: the Moderates (led by figures like G.K. Gokhale) and the Extremists (led by the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio: Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal).
1. The Moderates believed in constitutional agitation, petitions, and gradual reform within the British legal framework.
2. The Extremists advocated for 'Swaraj' (self-rule) and believed in more aggressive methods such as boycotts of British goods and non-cooperation.
Conflict peaked during the 1907 session in Surat over the presidency of the session and the extension of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements beyond Bengal. The disagreement led to a physical clash and the formal split of the party, which weakened the national movement until the reunion in 1916.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option (a): While communal tensions existed, the Surat Split was an internal political division within the INC, not a religious conflict.
- Option (b): The split was an internal party matter; it was not a direct conflict between the INC as a whole and British officials.
- Option (d): While the movement started in Bengal (due to the Partition of Bengal), the split was between political ideologies (Moderates vs. Extremists), not between Bengalis and the British.
Who fought the English in the Battle of Plassey?
A)
Mir Qasim
B)
Shuja-ud-Daula
C)
Mir Jafar
D)
Siraj-ud-Daula
The Battle of Plassey took place on June 23, 1757. It was fought between the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive, and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula. The battle is a pivotal event in Indian history as it established British rule in Bengal.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Mir Jafar (Option c): He was the commander-in-chief of Siraj-ud-Daula's army but betrayed the Nawab by conspiring with Robert Clive. He did not fight against the English; instead, his inaction ensured the English victory.
- Mir Qasim (Option a): He was the successor to Mir Jafar and fought the English later in the Battle of Buxar (1764), not the Battle of Plassey.
- Shuja-ud-Daula (Option b): He was the Nawab of Awadh who fought the English in the Battle of Buxar (1764), not the Battle of Plassey.
The Indian Railways was introduced during the tenure and under leadership of-
A)
Warren Hastings
B)
Lord Canning
C)
Lord Dalhousie
D)
Lord Curzon
The introduction of the Indian Railways was a landmark achievement during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Dalhousie (1848–1856). The first passenger train in India ran from Bombay (Mumbai) to Thane on April 16, 1853. Lord Dalhousie is often credited as the 'father of Indian Railways' because he envisioned the rail network as a means to improve administration, facilitate the movement of troops, and expand trade.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Warren Hastings (1772–1785): He was the first Governor-General of Bengal and focused on administrative and judicial reforms long before the invention of the steam locomotive.
- Lord Canning (1856–1862): He succeeded Dalhousie and is primarily known for the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the transition from Company rule to the British Crown.
- Lord Curzon (1899–1905): He served much later and is best known for the Partition of Bengal in 1905.
Which India temple received the 2023 UNESCO Award of Distinction for its conservation?
A)
Abathsahayeswarar Temple
B)
Mahabodhi Temple
C)
Golden Temple
D)
Kamakhya Temple
The Abathsahayeswarar Temple, located in Thiruvathigai, Tamil Nadu, was honored with the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation (Award of Distinction) in 2023. The award recognized the meticulous conservation efforts undertaken to preserve the temple's structural integrity and artistic heritage.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Mahabodhi Temple: While a UNESCO World Heritage site, it did not receive this specific conservation award in 2023.
- Golden Temple: It is a significant religious site but was not the recipient of the 2023 UNESCO Award of Distinction for conservation.
- Kamakhya Temple: It is a prominent Shakti Peetha but was not the subject of this specific UNESCO award.
Which of the following decision introduced English as the medium of instruction in 1835?
A)
Charter Act
B)
Charles Minute
C)
Macaulay Minute
D)
Anglicists Minute
The introduction of English as the medium of instruction in India was the result of the 'Macaulay's Minute' of 1835. Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, as the President of the General Committee of Public Instruction, proposed that the government should spend its resources on promoting Western education in the English language rather than supporting Oriental (traditional Indian) learning. This led to the English Education Act of 1835.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Charter Act: While various Charter Acts (like 1813) provided funds for education, they were broad legislative frameworks and not the specific decision/minute that mandated English as the medium of instruction in 1835.
- b. Charles Minute: There is no historically significant 'Charles Minute' associated with the 1835 education policy.
- d. Anglicists Minute: While there was a conflict between the 'Anglicists' (who favored English) and the 'Orientalists' (who favored Sanskrit/Arabic), the specific official document that resolved this and implemented the policy was Macaulay's Minute.
Which Ministry launched the Civil Registration System (CSR) mobile application to integrate technology with governance?
A)
Ministry of Information Technology
B)
Ministry of Defense
C)
Ministry of Home Affairs
D)
Ministry of Urban Development
The Civil Registration System (CRS) is the primary mechanism for recording births and deaths in India. The administration and oversight of the CRS fall under the Registrar General of India (RGI), which is an attached office of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The launch of the CRS mobile application is part of the government's digital transformation initiative to streamline the registration process, reduce manual errors, and integrate technology into governance for better data accuracy and accessibility.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Information Technology: While they provide the technical infrastructure and policy framework for 'Digital India', they do not own the specific domain of civil registration.
- Ministry of Defense: This ministry handles national security and armed forces, which is unrelated to civil registration.
- Ministry of Urban Development: While urban bodies (municipalities) act as the local registrars, the overarching system and the application are managed by the Ministry of Home Affairs via the RGI.
The founder of the Arya Samaj and champion of the Suddhi Movement was-
A)
Raja Rammohan Roy
B)
Dayanand Saraswati
C)
Swami Vivekananda
D)
Henry Vivian Derozio
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Arya Samaj**: The Arya Samaj was a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. Its primary goal was to return to the original teachings of the Vedas ('Back to the Vedas') and eliminate idol worship and superstitious practices.
2. **Shuddhi Movement**: Swami Dayanand Saraswati championed the 'Shuddhi' (purification) movement, which aimed at converting people who had converted to other religions (like Islam or Christianity) back to Hinduism.
Evaluating other options:
- **Raja Rammohan Roy**: Known as the 'Father of the Indian Renaissance', he founded the Brahmo Samaj and campaigned against Sati.
- **Swami Vivekananda**: A disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, he founded the Ramakrishna Mission and represented India at the Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893.
- **Henry Vivian Derozio**: A leader of the Young Bengal movement, he was an educator and poet who encouraged free thinking and rationalism among students in Calcutta.
The English East India Company arrived in India in the year-
A)
1498
B)
1608
C)
1717
D)
1757
The English East India Company (EIC) was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600. However, the first English ship, the 'Hector', commanded by Captain William Hawkins, actually arrived at the port of Surat in India in 1608.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) 1498: This is the year Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, reached Calicut, marking the beginning of European maritime trade with India, but it was not the English East India Company.
- Option (c) 1717: This year is significant for the 'Farman' issued by Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar, which granted the Company trade concessions in Bengal.
- Option (d) 1757: This is the year of the Battle of Plassey, which established the political foothold of the British East India Company in India, rather than their initial arrival.
Which Union Ministry is associated with the ‘Mera Gaon, Meri Dharohar’ Programme?
A)
Ministry of Rural Development
B)
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
C)
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
D)
Ministry of Culture
The ‘Mera Gaon, Meri Dharohar’ programme is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The primary objective of this programme is to identify, document, and showcase the unique cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and local crafts of various villages across India. It aims to promote rural tourism and preserve the intangible cultural heritage of the country by empowering local communities to take pride in and maintain their ancestral legacy.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Rural Development: While the programme focuses on villages, its core objective is cultural preservation and heritage, not infrastructure or poverty alleviation.
- Ministry of Tribal Affairs: Although tribal heritage is part of the programme, the initiative is broader in scope and managed by the Culture Ministry.
- Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs: This ministry focuses on urban planning and housing, which is contrary to the rural focus of this specific programme.
The most prominent provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 was-
A)
Creation of separate electorates for the Muslims
B)
Creation of All India Federation
C)
Introducing Separation of the Executive and the Judiciary
D)
Co-operating the Indian National Congress to the maximum
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 (officially known as the Indian Councils Act 1909) were introduced by John Morley (Secretary of State for India) and Lord Minto (Viceroy of India). The most significant and controversial provision of this act was the introduction of 'Separate Electorates' for Muslims. This meant that Muslim members of the legislative councils were to be elected only by Muslim voters, rather than by a general electorate. This policy is widely regarded by historians as a 'divide and rule' strategy by the British to create a communal rift between Hindus and Muslims to weaken the growing Indian nationalist movement.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option b: The 'All India Federation' was a proposal discussed in the Government of India Act 1935, not the 1909 reforms.
- Option c: The separation of the Executive and Judiciary is a fundamental principle of modern democratic governance and was not the 'prominent provision' of the 1909 Act, which focused primarily on increasing Indian participation in legislative councils.
- Option d: The British government did not seek to cooperate with the Indian National Congress to the maximum; in fact, the 1909 reforms were designed to appease the Moderates while isolating the Extremists and fostering communal divisions.
Which state has been declared as the partner state for Hornbill Festival 2024?
A)
Sikkim
B)
Assam
C)
Manipur
D)
Tripura
The Hornbill Festival is an annual cultural event held in Nagaland, often referred to as the 'Festival of Festivals.' For the 2024 edition, the Government of Nagaland declared Tripura as the 'Partner State.' The purpose of selecting a partner state is to promote cultural exchange, strengthen inter-state ties, and showcase the diverse heritage of the invited state alongside the indigenous tribes of Nagaland. While other North Eastern states like Sikkim, Assam, and Manipur have participated in various capacities in previous years or other festivals, Tripura was specifically designated as the partner state for the 2024 celebrations.
The most flourishing industry in India before the process of De-Industrialization was-
A)
Cotton textile handicrafts Industry
B)
Tea Industry
C)
Juteindustry
D)
Rubber industry
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Understanding 'De-Industrialization': In the context of Indian history, de-industrialization refers to the decline of traditional Indian handicrafts and handloom industries during the British colonial period, primarily due to the influx of machine-made goods from Britain. 2. Analyzing the pre-colonial economy: Before the Industrial Revolution in England and the subsequent colonial policies, India was the world leader in textile production. The cotton textile industry, specifically hand-spun and hand-woven fabrics (like Muslin and Calico), was the most flourishing and globally exported industry. 3. Evaluating options: (a) Cotton textile handicrafts were the backbone of the rural and urban economy before the 19th century. (b) Tea, (c) Jute, and (d) Rubber are 'plantation' or 'modern' industries that were introduced or scaled up by the British during the colonial era, meaning they flourished *during* or *after* the period of traditional de-industrialization, not before it. Therefore, the cotton textile handicraft industry is the only correct answer.
In which District of Mizoram the Government of India implemented the Aspirational District Programme?
A)
Lawnegtlai
B)
Mamit
C)
Siaha
D)
Hnahthial
The Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) was launched by the Government of India (NITI Aayog) in January 2018 to transform districts that have shown relatively lower indicators in key social areas. In the state of Mizoram, the Mamit district was identified and selected for this programme due to its need for accelerated development in sectors such as health, nutrition, education, agriculture, and basic infrastructure. While Lawngtlai, Siaha, and Hnahthial are other districts of Mizoram, Mamit is the specific district designated under the Aspirational District framework to receive focused convergence of schemes and monitoring.
Which Union Territory is the first to fully implement all three new criminal laws in India?
A)
Delhi
B)
Chandigarh
C)
Daman and Diu
D)
Puducherry
The three new criminal laws—the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)—came into effect across India on July 1, 2024. Chandigarh became the first Union Territory to fully implement these laws, ensuring that all police stations and judicial processes within its jurisdiction were transitioned to the new legal framework. While other Union Territories like Delhi and Puducherry also implemented the laws on the same date, Chandigarh was highlighted in administrative reports and news updates for being the first to complete the full operational rollout and training integration across its UT administration.
Permanent Settlement of Cornwallis 1793 was also known as-
A)
Malguzari Settlement
B)
Mahalwari Settlement
C)
Ryotwari Settlement
D)
Zamindari Settlement
The Permanent Settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Under this system, the local landlords (Zamindars) were recognized as the owners of the land, provided they paid a fixed amount of revenue to the British East India Company. Because the Zamindars acted as the intermediaries between the peasants and the state, it is widely known as the Zamindari Settlement.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Malguzari Settlement: This was a variation of the land revenue system (often associated with the Mahalwari system in certain regions) where 'Malguzars' (village headmen) collected revenue.
- b. Mahalwari Settlement: Introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822, this system focused on the 'Mahal' (village community) as a unit for revenue assessment, rather than individual landlords.
- c. Ryotwari Settlement: Introduced by Thomas Munro and Alexander Read in the early 19th century (primarily in Madras and Bombay), this system involved a direct contract between the government and the 'Ryots' (individual cultivators), eliminating the middleman/Zamindar.
Who among the following is famously known for the cause of widow remarriage?
A)
Ram Mohan Roy
B)
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C)
Maulana Azad
D)
MG Ranade
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analysis of the core issue: The question asks for the social reformer most famously associated with the cause of widow remarriage in India.
2. Evaluating Option (b): Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a towering figure in the 19th-century Bengal Renaissance. He campaigned tirelessly against the plight of widows and used ancient Hindu scriptures to prove that widow remarriage was permitted. His efforts were instrumental in the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856.
3. Evaluating Option (a): Raja Ram Mohan Roy is primarily known for his crusade against the practice of Sati (the burning of widows on their husband's pyre), which led to the Sati Regulation Act of 1829. While he improved the status of women, Vidyasagar is the specific figure linked to 'remarriage'.
4. Evaluating Option (c): Maulana Azad was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement and the first Minister of Education in independent India; his contributions were primarily political and educational rather than focused on widow remarriage.
5. Evaluating Option (d): MG Ranade was a social reformer and economist who worked on various social issues and helped found the Prarthana Samaj, but he is not the primary figure associated with the legal push for widow remarriage compared to Vidyasagar.
Aseries of riots by farmers in 187S-against the government’s revenue policies in the southern part of India was popularly known as the-
A)
South Indian Riots
B)
Malabar Riots
C)
Indigo Riots
D)
Deccan Riots
The question refers to the peasant uprisings of 1875 in the southern/western part of India.
1. **Deccan Riots (1875):** These riots occurred in the Deccan region (primarily Maharashtra and Karnataka). The farmers were protesting against the oppressive revenue policies of the British government and the exploitation by moneylenders (Sahukars) who had seized their lands due to high interest rates and rigid tax demands. This led to the appointment of the Deccan Agriculturalists' Relief Act of 1879.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **South Indian Riots:** This is a generic term and not the specific historical name of the 1875 uprisings.
- **Malabar Riots:** The Malabar Rebellion (Mappila Rebellion) occurred primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (notably 1921) and was characterized by conflicts between tenants and landlords (Jenmis) in Kerala.
- **Indigo Riots:** The Indigo Revolt took place in 1859-60 in Bengal, not in the southern part of India, and was against the forced cultivation of indigo by European planters.
Who among the following was not one of the leaders of the 1857 Rebellion?
A)
Kunwar Singh
B)
Tantia Tope
C)
Bahadur Shah Zafar
D)
Bhagat Singh
The 1857 Rebellion (also known as the First War of Independence) took place in the mid-19th century.
1. Kunwar Singh (Option a) was a prominent leader of the rebellion in Bihar.
2. Tantia Tope (Option b) was a general in the army of Nana Sahib and a key military strategist during the uprising.
3. Bahadur Shah Zafar (Option c) was the last Mughal Emperor and was proclaimed the symbolic Emperor of India by the rebels.
4. Bhagat Singh (Option d) was a revolutionary nationalist who fought against British rule in the 20th century (specifically the 1920s and 30s). He was born in 1907, long after the 1857 rebellion had ended. Therefore, he could not have been a leader of the 1857 Rebellion.
What are the three principles of education policy to be achieved under SWAYAM?
A)
Equity, Equality and Quality
B)
Equity, Access and Equality
C)
Access, Equity and Quality
D)
Access, Quality and Equality
SWAYAM (Study Websites Another Year for You) is an integrated platform for online courses developed by the Government of India. The primary objective of the SWAYAM initiative is to achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy:
1. **Access**: Ensuring that learning resources are available to all students, regardless of their geographical location (reaching the remotest parts of the country).
2. **Equity**: Providing equal opportunities to learners from diverse backgrounds, including marginalized groups, to access high-quality education.
3. **Quality**: Ensuring that the content provided is of the highest standard, curated by the best faculty from premier institutions (like IITs, IIMs, and UGC).
Comparing this to the options:
- Option (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect because they substitute 'Access' or 'Quality' with 'Equality'. While equality is a broad social goal, the specific policy framework for SWAYAM explicitly lists 'Access, Equity, and Quality' as its three pillars.
Which among the following is based on the vision of NEP 2020?
A)
Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat
B)
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
C)
FIT India
D)
Integrated Teacher Education Programme
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analysis of NEP 2020: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the professionalization of teacher education. One of its key recommendations is to move towards multidisciplinary and integrated teacher education programs to improve the quality of teaching.
2. Evaluating Option (d): The Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) is a direct outcome of the NEP 2020 vision. It is a dual-degree program (e.g., B.A. B.Ed. or B.Sc. B.Ed.) designed to integrate teacher preparation into the multidisciplinary undergraduate education system, aiming to make teaching a more attractive and professional career choice.
3. Evaluating Option (a): 'Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat' was launched in 2015 to celebrate the unity in diversity of our country; it predates NEP 2020.
4. Evaluating Option (b): 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' was launched in 2015 to address the declining child sex ratio and promote girls' education; it predates NEP 2020.
5. Evaluating Option (c): 'FIT India' movement was launched in 2019 to encourage people to remain healthy and fit; while it aligns with holistic education, it is a separate health initiative and not a structural educational program based on the vision of NEP 2020.
Therefore, the Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) is the only option that is a specific structural implementation of the NEP 2020 vision.
The Revolt of 1857 started at-
A)
Delhi
B)
Kanpur
C)
Jhansi
D)
Meerut
The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence, officially began on May 10, 1857, at Meerut. The spark was the rebellion of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company who refused to use the newly introduced Enfield rifles, which were rumored to have cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. After the sepoys in Meerut revolted and killed their British officers, they marched toward Delhi.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Delhi: While the rebels marched to Delhi and declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of India, making it the political center of the revolt, the actual outbreak started in Meerut.
- Kanpur: Kanpur became a major center of the revolt under the leadership of Nana Sahib, but it was not the starting point.
- Jhansi: Jhansi became a focal point of the resistance under Rani Lakshmibai later in the conflict, but it was not where the revolt originated.
Vernacular Press Act 1878 was passed by the government to-
A)
Curtail the Indian Press
B)
Legalise the Indian Press
C)
Equalise the English and Vernacular Press
D)
Encourage Vernacular literature with regards to Press
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was enacted by the British colonial government under the administration of Lord Lytton. Its primary objective was to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (vernacular) press, which had become increasingly critical of British policies.
1. Why Option (a) is correct: The Act gave the government the power to confiscate the printing press and demand a bond from the printer and publisher to ensure they would not publish 'seditious' material. It was specifically designed to muzzle the local language newspapers that were mobilizing the public against colonial rule.
2. Why Option (b) is incorrect: The Act did not 'legalise' the press; rather, it imposed restrictive legal hurdles and penalties on it.
3. Why Option (c) is incorrect: The Act was intentionally discriminatory. It applied only to vernacular newspapers and not to English-language newspapers, thereby creating an inequality rather than equalising them.
4. Why Option (d) is incorrect: The Act was a repressive measure; it aimed to suppress, not encourage, vernacular literature and journalism.
Yuva Sangam is a flagship initiative launched by which Ministry?
A)
Ministry of Education
B)
Ministry of Science and Technology
C)
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
D)
Ministry of Defense
Yuva Sangam is a flagship initiative launched by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. It is implemented through the National Educational Alliance for Technical Education (NEAT) and is designed to promote 'Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat'. The program facilitates student exchange between different states and union territories to foster national integration, cultural exchange, and a deeper understanding of India's diverse heritage among the youth.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Science and Technology focuses on R&D and scientific advancement, not cultural exchange programs for students.
- Ministry of Tribal Affairs focuses on the welfare and development of Scheduled Tribes.
- Ministry of Defense manages the nation's security and armed forces, which is unrelated to the educational and cultural objectives of Yuva Sangam.