← Assistant Professor / Lecturer
Past Questions — 2025
Rabindra Nath Tagore gave up his Knighthood because of-
A)
Chauri Chaura incident
B)
Execution of Bhagat Singh
C)
Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
D)
Brutal suppression of Civil Disobedience Movement
Rabindranath Tagore was awarded a Knighthood by the British Crown in 1915 for his contributions to literature and society. However, on April 13, 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place in Amritsar, where British troops under General Dyer fired upon a peaceful gathering of civilians. Deeply moved and outraged by the brutality of this event, Tagore renounced his Knighthood in 1919 as a mark of protest against the British government's inhumanity.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Chauri Chaura incident (1922): This led Mahatma Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement, not Tagore's renunciation of his title.
- b. Execution of Bhagat Singh (1931): This occurred much later than Tagore's decision to give up his Knighthood.
- d. Brutal suppression of Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934): This occurred well after the 1919 events that prompted Tagore's action.
Before entering national politics, in 1917, Gandhi fought the-
A)
Santhal Satyagraha
B)
Harijan Satyagraha
C)
Champaran Satyagraha
D)
Dandi Satyagraha
The correct answer is Champaran Satyagraha.
1. **Champaran Satyagraha (1917):** This was Mahatma Gandhi's first satyagraha movement in India. He traveled to Champaran in Bihar to support the peasants who were being forced by British planters to grow indigo under the oppressive 'Tinkathia' system. This event marked his entry into the Indian political arena.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Santhal Satyagraha:** There is no major historical event by this specific name led by Gandhi in 1917. The Santhal Rebellion occurred much earlier (1855-56).
- **Harijan Satyagraha:** Gandhi's campaigns against untouchability and for the upliftment of 'Harijans' occurred much later in his political career, primarily in the 1930s.
- **Dandi Satyagraha:** This took place in 1930 as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement to protest the salt tax, long after his entry into national politics.
Moplah Uprising also known as the Malabar Rebellion happened in-
A)
1916
B)
1918
C)
1921
D)
1923
The Moplah Uprising, also known as the Malabar Rebellion, took place in 1921 in the Malabar region of Kerala. It was an armed uprising by the Mappila Muslims (Moplahs) against the British colonial administration and the local landlords (Jenmis). The rebellion was influenced by the Khilafat Movement and the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. While it began as a struggle against oppressive land tenure systems and British rule, it later took on communal overtones.
Analysis of options:
- 1916: This year is associated with the Lucknow Pact, not the Malabar Rebellion.
- 1918: This period saw the end of World War I and the beginning of the Khilafat movement, but the rebellion had not yet occurred.
- 1921: The correct year when the rebellion broke out in August 1921.
- 1923: By this time, the rebellion had been suppressed by the British military.
The first three Universities on modern lines were established in Bengal, Bombay and Madras following the recommendations of
A)
The Charter Act of 1813
B)
Woods Dispatch 1854
C)
Hunter Commission 1882
D)
Kothari Commission 1964-66
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analysis of the Event: The establishment of the Universities of Calcutta (Bengal), Bombay, and Madras in 1857 was a landmark event in the modernization of Indian education.
2. The Role of Wood's Despatch: Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control, sent a comprehensive despatch to Lord Dalhousie in 1854. This document is often referred to as the 'Magna Carta of English Education in India'.
3. Recommendations: Wood's Despatch recommended the creation of a structured educational hierarchy from primary schools to universities. Specifically, it proposed the establishment of universities on the model of the University of London to serve as affiliating and examining bodies in the three presidency towns (Bengal, Bombay, and Madras).
4. Evaluation of other options:
- (a) The Charter Act of 1813: This act provided a small grant (1 lakh rupees) for the promotion of education but did not outline a structural plan for universities.
- (c) Hunter Commission 1882: This commission focused primarily on the improvement of primary and secondary education, not the initial establishment of the first universities.
- (d) Kothari Commission 1964-66: This was a post-independence commission that focused on a national pattern of education; it is chronologically irrelevant to the 19th-century establishment of these universities.
Which of the following practice was abolished in 1829 with the joint efforts of Raja Rammohan Roy and William Bentinck?
A)
Child Marriage
B)
Infanticide
C)
Slavery
D)
Sati
The practice of Sati (the act of a widow immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre) was abolished in 1829. This was achieved through the joint efforts of Raja Rammohan Roy, a social reformer who campaigned against the practice on humanitarian and scriptural grounds, and Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General of India. Bentinck passed the 'Sati Regulation XVII' in 1829, which declared the practice illegal and punishable by law.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Child Marriage: While reformers fought against it, the primary legislation (The Sarda Act) was passed much later, in 1929.
- b. Infanticide: While female infanticide was a known social evil and various local efforts were made to stop it, it was not the primary focus of the 1829 regulation.
- c. Slavery: Slavery was abolished in India via Act V of 1843, which happened several years after the 1829 regulation.
Who fought the English in the Battle of Plassey?
A)
Mir Qasim
B)
Shuja-ud-Daula
C)
Mir Jafar
D)
Siraj-ud-Daula
The Battle of Plassey took place on June 23, 1757. It was fought between the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive, and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula. The battle is a pivotal event in Indian history as it established British rule in Bengal.
Analysis of options:
- Siraj-ud-Daula (Option d) was the Nawab of Bengal who fought against the English, although he was betrayed by his own commander.
- Mir Jafar (Option c) was the commander-in-chief of Siraj-ud-Daula's army; however, he entered into a secret pact with Robert Clive and did not fight for the Nawab, leading to Siraj-ud-Daula's defeat.
- Mir Qasim (Option a) was a later Nawab of Bengal (installed after Mir Jafar) who fought the English in the Battle of Buxar (1764), not Plassey.
- Shuja-ud-Daula (Option b) was the Nawab of Awadh who fought the English in the Battle of Buxar (1764), not Plassey.
Vernacular Press Act 1878 was passed by the government to-
A)
Curtail the Indian Press
B)
Legalise the indian Press
C)
Equalise the English and Vernacular Press
D)
Encourage Vernacular literature with regards to Press
The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was enacted by the British colonial government under the administration of Lord Lytton. The primary objective of this act was to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (vernacular) press, which had become increasingly critical of British policies.
1. Why Option (a) is correct: The Act gave the government extensive powers to confiscate printing presses and prohibit the publication of 'seditious' material. It specifically targeted vernacular newspapers while exempting English-language newspapers, thereby creating a discriminatory legal framework to silence nationalist voices.
2. Why Option (b) is incorrect: The act did not 'legalise' the press; rather, it imposed restrictive regulations and penalties on it.
3. Why Option (c) is incorrect: The act did the opposite of equalising; it intentionally discriminated against the vernacular press, granting English newspapers more freedom than those publishing in local languages.
4. Why Option (d) is incorrect: The act was a repressive measure designed to suppress political dissent, not to encourage literature or journalism.
The Report in 1928 which provided a constitutional framework for India’s future government drafted by the Indian political leaders as a response of the Simon Commission was-
A)
The Hilton Commission Report
B)
The Nehru report
C)
The Gandhian Committce Report
D)
The Indian Report
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Context: In 1927, the British government appointed the Simon Commission to review the Government of India Act 1919. However, the commission consisted entirely of British members, leading to a widespread boycott by Indian political leaders.
2. The Challenge: Lord Birkenhead, the Secretary of State for India, challenged Indians to produce a constitutional scheme that would be acceptable to all political parties in India.
3. The Response: In response to this challenge and the Simon Commission, a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru.
4. The Outcome: In 1928, this committee drafted a memorandum known as the 'Nehru Report'. It demanded 'Dominion Status' for India, a federal structure of government, and a bill of rights for citizens.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) The Hilton Commission Report: No such significant constitutional report exists in the context of the 1928 Indian independence movement.
- Option (c) The Gandhian Committee Report: While Mahatma Gandhi influenced the movement, there was no formal 'Gandhian Committee Report' drafted as a constitutional framework in 1928 to counter the Simon Commission.
- Option (d) The Indian Report: This is a generic term and not the official name of any historical constitutional document from that period.
What is the theme for World AIDS Day 2024?
A)
Know Your Status
B)
Take the Rights Path: My Health, My Right
C)
Global Solidarity, Resilient Services
D)
Let Communities Lead
World AIDS Day is observed every year on December 1st to raise awareness about the HIV/AIDS pandemic. For the year 2024, the theme designated by UNAIDS and global health partners is 'Let Communities Lead'. This theme emphasizes the critical role of community-led responses in ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, focusing on grassroots leadership, removing barriers to healthcare, and ensuring that those most affected are at the center of the decision-making process.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) 'Know Your Status' is a general slogan used in various awareness campaigns but was not the specific 2024 theme.
- Option (b) 'Take the Rights Path: My Health, My Right' was the theme for World AIDS Day 2022.
- Option (c) 'Global Solidarity, Resilient Services' was the theme for World AIDS Day 2021.
Who spoke on behalf of the Hindu religion in the “Congress of Religions” in Chicago 1893?
A)
Dadabhai Naoroji
B)
Swami Vivekananda
C)
Swami Brijanand
D)
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
The 'Parliament of the World's Religions' (often referred to as the Congress of Religions) was held in Chicago in 1893. Swami Vivekananda represented Hinduism at this global gathering. His opening speech, which began with the famous words 'Sisters and Brothers of America,' earned him a standing ovation and brought global recognition to Indian philosophy and the concept of universal tolerance and acceptance.
Analysis of other options:
- Dadabhai Naoroji: Known as the 'Grand Old Man of India,' he was a political leader and economist, not a religious representative at the Chicago Parliament.
- Swami Brijanand: While he was a scholar and associated with the movement, he was not the primary representative who spoke on behalf of the Hindu religion in the capacity for which Vivekananda is historically renowned.
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: A great social reformer and educator from Bengal, but he did not attend the 1893 Chicago Parliament.
The first Indian woman President of the Indian National Congress was-
A)
Annie Besant
B)
Sarojini Naidu
C)
Indira Gandhi
D)
Kasturba Gandhi
To answer this question correctly, it is essential to distinguish between the 'first woman' and the 'first Indian woman' to preside over the Indian National Congress (INC).
1. Annie Besant: She was the first woman President of the INC (at the Calcutta session in 1917), but she was British, not Indian.
2. Sarojini Naidu: She presided over the Kanpur session in 1925, making her the first Indian woman to hold the position of President of the INC.
3. Indira Gandhi: While she served as the first female Prime Minister of India, she was not the first Indian woman President of the INC.
4. Kasturba Gandhi: Although a prominent figure in the freedom struggle and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, she never served as the President of the INC.
Therefore, since the question specifically asks for the first 'Indian woman', Sarojini Naidu is the correct answer.
What was the national song during the anti-partition movement in Bengal?
A)
Vande Mataram
B)
Sare Jahan Se
C)
Milke Chalo
D)
Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna
The anti-partition movement in Bengal (Swadeshi Movement) occurred between 1905 and 1911 in response to Lord Curzon's decision to partition Bengal. During this period, 'Vande Mataram' (meaning 'I bow to thee, Mother'), written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in his novel 'Anandamath', became the rallying cry and the unofficial national song of the movement. It served as a powerful symbol of nationalism and unity against British colonial rule.
Why other options are incorrect:
- 'Sare Jahan Se' (Sare Jahan Se Achha) was written by Muhammad Iqbal in 1904, but it did not serve as the primary anthem of the anti-partition movement in Bengal.
- 'Milke Chalo' is not a recognized historical national song of that specific movement.
- 'Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna' was a popular revolutionary poem/song associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) and figures like Bhagat Singh and Ram Prasad Bismil in a later phase of the freedom struggle.
The last Maratha Peshwa whose fall led to the permanent defeat of the Maratha Empire was-
A)
Madhav Rao
B)
Baji Rao I
C)
Baji Rao II
D)
Narayan Rao
The Maratha Empire's decline culminated in the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818). Baji Rao II was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. After his defeat by the British East India Company in 1818, the office of the Peshwa was abolished, and Baji Rao II was exiled to Bithoor (near Kanpur) on a pension. This event marked the end of the Maratha Confederacy's central authority and the permanent defeat of the empire.
Analysis of other options:
- Madhav Rao: He was a capable Peshwa who restored Maratha prestige after Panipat, but he died young in 1772.
- Baji Rao I: He was the great expansionist Peshwa who established the Maratha Empire as a dominant power in India (died 1740).
- Narayan Rao: He was the Peshwa who was murdered in a conspiracy involving his uncle Raghunath Rao; he was not the last Peshwa.
Rural indebtedness refers to the phenomenon where-
A)
Banking business failed in the rural areas
B)
Agricultural failure because of famine and drought
C)
Majority of Indian farmers live in debt
D)
Indian indigenous bankers were in debt
Rural indebtedness is a socio-economic condition where a significant portion of the rural population, primarily farmers, are unable to repay loans taken from various sources. In the context of Modern Indian History, this became a critical issue during the British colonial period due to high land revenue demands (under systems like Zamindari and Ryotwari), the commercialization of agriculture, and the exploitation by local moneylenders (Sahukars).
Step-by-step analysis of options:
- Option (a) is incorrect because rural indebtedness is not about the failure of banking businesses, but rather the inability of borrowers to repay.
- Option (b) is incorrect because while famine and drought are 'causes' or 'triggers' that exacerbate indebtedness, the term 'rural indebtedness' refers to the state of being in debt, not the agricultural failure itself.
- Option (c) is correct as it accurately describes the phenomenon: a state where the majority of the farming community is burdened by debt.
- Option (d) is incorrect because indigenous bankers (moneylenders) were typically the creditors (lenders), not the debtors.
Aseries of riots by farmers in 1875 against the government's revenue policies in the southern part of India was popularly known as the-
A)
South Indian Riots
B)
Malabar Riots
C)
Indigo Riots
D)
Deccan Riots
The Deccan Riots of 1875 were a series of peasant uprisings in the Deccan region of Maharashtra and Karnataka. The primary cause was the oppressive land revenue system implemented by the British, combined with the exploitation by moneylenders (Sahukars) who charged exorbitant interest rates. The farmers targeted the moneylenders' account books and bonds to free themselves from debt. To address this crisis, the British government appointed the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Association and passed the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. South Indian Riots: This is a generic term and not the specific historical name of the 1875 uprisings.
- b. Malabar Riots: These typically refer to the Mappila outbreaks in Kerala, which occurred over a longer period and were driven by different socio-religious and land-tenure conflicts.
- c. Indigo Riots: The Indigo Revolt (Nil Bidroha) took place in 1859-60 primarily in Bengal, not in the southern part of India, and was against the forced cultivation of indigo.
With victory in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the English East India Company gained the-
A)
Control of markets around Bengal
B)
Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
C)
War indemnity of 4 Lakhs rupees
D)
Region of Awadh and Calcutta
The Battle of Buxar (1764) was a decisive victory for the English East India Company against the combined forces of Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh), and Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor). Following the victory, the Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765. Under this treaty, the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the 'Diwani rights' (the right to collect land revenue and manage civil justice) of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the East India Company. This effectively gave the Company financial control over these wealthy provinces, marking the transition from a trading entity to a ruling power in India.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option (a): While they gained market control, the 'Diwani rights' was the formal legal and political achievement that ensured this control.
- Option (c): The war indemnity was paid by Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh), but the primary and most significant gain for the Company was the Diwani rights.
- Option (d): The Company did not annex the region of Awadh; instead, they restored it to Shuja-ud-Daula in exchange for a payment and a treaty of friendship to act as a buffer state.
The expansionist policy over the princely states extensively used by Wellesley was known as-
A)
Ring Fence Policy
B)
Subsidiary Alliance
C)
Doctrine of Lapse
D)
Hand Holding Policy
The expansionist policy used extensively by Lord Wellesley (Governor-General from 1798 to 1805) was the 'Subsidiary Alliance'. Under this system, an Indian ruler had to disband their own army and instead maintain a British force within their territory, paying for its upkeep. In return, the British guaranteed protection from external attacks and internal rebellions. This effectively turned the princely states into protectorates of the British East India Company, stripping them of their sovereignty and foreign policy independence.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Ring Fence Policy: This was primarily associated with Warren Hastings, aiming to create a 'buffer zone' of friendly states around the Company's core territories to protect them from rivals.
- c. Doctrine of Lapse: This was the policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie (1848–1856), which stated that any princely state under the British would be annexed if the ruler died without a natural male heir.
- d. Hand Holding Policy: This is not a recognized historical diplomatic or expansionist policy of the British East India Company.
Who has been awarded the 2024 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development?
A)
Michelle Bachelet
B)
Joko Widodo
C)
Dina Boluarte
D)
Claudia Sheinbaum
The 2024 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development was awarded to Michelle Bachelet, the former President of Chile and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The prize recognizes her lifelong commitment to human rights, peace, and the empowerment of women.
Analysis of other options:
- Joko Widodo: Former President of Indonesia; not the recipient of this specific award.
- Dina Boluarte: Current President of Peru; not the recipient.
- Claudia Sheinbaum: Current President of Mexico; not the recipient.
Which Ministry launched the Civil Registration System (CSR) mobile application to integrate technology with governance?
A)
Ministry of Information Technology
B)
Ministry of Defense
C)
Ministry of Home Affairs
D)
Ministry of Urban Development
The Civil Registration System (CRS) is the primary mechanism for recording vital events such as births and deaths. In India, the registration of births and deaths is governed by the Registration of Births and Deaths (RBD) Act, 1969. The administration and oversight of this system, including the integration of technology through the CRS mobile application to streamline governance and ensure timely registration, fall under the jurisdiction of the Registrar General of India (RGI). The Registrar General of India is an attached office of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Therefore, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the responsible ministry for the launch and management of the CRS application.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Information Technology: While they provide the technical infrastructure for many government apps (via MeitY), they do not own the policy or administration of civil registration.
- Ministry of Defense: This ministry handles national security and armed forces, which is unrelated to civil registration.
- Ministry of Urban Development: While urban local bodies (ULBs) act as the ground-level registration authorities, the overarching system and the application are managed by the MHA via the RGI.
The platform introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and IT which provides access to important documents anywhere is called
A)
PM Gatishakti
B)
Virtual ID
C)
Academic Bank of Credit
D)
Digilocker
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analysis of the requirement: The question asks for a platform introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) that allows users to access important documents digitally from anywhere.
2. Evaluating Option (d) Digilocker: DigiLocker is a flagship initiative of the MeitY under the Digital India programme. It provides a cloud-based platform for issuance and verification of documents & certificates in a digital way, eliminating the need for physical documents.
3. Evaluating Option (a) PM Gatishakti: This is a National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity to coordinate infrastructure projects; it is not a document storage platform.
4. Evaluating Option (b) Virtual ID: A Virtual ID (VID) is a temporary, randomly generated number that masks the actual Aadhaar number for privacy; it is a feature of the Aadhaar system, not a document platform.
5. Evaluating Option (c) Academic Bank of Credit (ABC): This is a digital storehouse that contains the information of the credits earned by individual students throughout their learning journey, primarily focused on education credits rather than general important documents.
Conclusion: DigiLocker is the correct platform designed for the general storage and access of official documents.
Which day is observed as International Anti-Corruption Day each year?
A)
September 9
B)
October 9
C)
November 9
D)
December 9
International Anti-Corruption Day is observed annually on December 9. It was established by the United Nations General Assembly to raise awareness about how corruption affects the economies and societies of countries, and to strengthen leadership and cooperation in the fight against corruption. The date commemorates the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. Options a, b, and c are incorrect as they do not correspond to the internationally recognized date for this observance.
Which Union Ministry is associated with the ‘Mera Gaon, Meri Dharohar’ Programme?
A)
Ministry of Rural Development
B)
Ministry of Tribal Affairs
C)
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
D)
Ministry of Culture
The 'Mera Gaon, Meri Dharohar' (My Village, My Heritage) programme is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The primary objective of this programme is to document and showcase the rich cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and local history of Indian villages. It aims to create a digital repository of village-level heritage to promote community pride and sustainable tourism.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Rural Development: While the programme focuses on villages, its core objective is 'heritage' (Dharohar) and culture, not infrastructure or poverty alleviation, which are the primary domains of this ministry.
- Ministry of Tribal Affairs: While tribal heritage may be part of the documentation, the programme is a broader national cultural initiative not limited to Scheduled Tribes.
- Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs: This ministry focuses on urban planning and housing, which is the opposite of the rural focus of this specific programme.
The first Governor-General of the Government of Bengal was-
A)
Warren Hastings
B)
Lord Cornwallis
C)
Robert Clive
D)
Lord Mayo
The Regulating Act of 1773 was a landmark piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament to oversee the affairs of the East India Company. Under this Act, the designation of the 'Governor of Bengal' was changed to the 'Governor-General of Bengal'. Warren Hastings, who was already serving as the Governor of Bengal, became the first person to hold this new title of Governor-General of Bengal in 1773.
Analysis of other options:
- Lord Cornwallis: He was the third Governor-General of Bengal (1786–1793) and is best known for the Permanent Settlement of 1793.
- Robert Clive: He served as the Governor of Bengal twice, but he held the post before the Regulating Act of 1773 created the office of the Governor-General.
- Lord Mayo: He was the Viceroy of India (1869–1872), a position created much later in 1858 after the Government of India Act.
The resolution of ‘Purna Swaraj’ was adopted in-
A)
Lahore session 1929
B)
Calcutta session 1933
C)
Lucknow session 1936
D)
Tripuri session 1939
The resolution of 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) was formally adopted by the Indian National Congress during its session held in Lahore in December 1929. This session was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru. Prior to this, the Congress had been pursuing 'Dominion Status' (self-governance under the British Crown), but the failure of the Nehru Report and the lack of a clear offer from the British government led the youth wing of the Congress to demand total independence. As a result of this resolution, January 26, 1930, was declared as 'Independence Day', and the tricolor flag was hoisted on the banks of the river Ravi. This resolution paved the way for the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Dandi March in 1930.
Analysis of other options:
- b. Calcutta session 1933: This session was focused on the internal reorganization of the party and the response to the Round Table Conferences.
- c. Lucknow session 1936: This session dealt with the evolving strategy against the Government of India Act 1935.
- d. Tripuri session 1939: This session is primarily remembered for the conflict between Subhash Chandra Bose and the right-wing faction of the Congress, leading to Bose's resignation as President.
Which Ministry is responsible for conducting the census in India?
A)
Ministry of Culture
B)
Ministry of Defense
C)
Ministry of Home Affairs
D)
Ministry of Law and Justice
The Census of India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, which functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The Census is a massive exercise conducted every ten years to collect demographic, social, and economic data of the population.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Ministry of Culture: Responsible for the preservation and promotion of India's cultural heritage, not demographic data collection.
- Ministry of Defense: Responsible for the national security and management of the armed forces.
- Ministry of Law and Justice: Responsible for the administration of justice and legal affairs of the Union.