← Assistant Professor / Lecturer
Past Questions — 2025
Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Stafford Cripps and AV Alexander were part of-
A)
August Offer
B)
Wavell Plan
C)
Cabinet Mission
D)
Crips Mission
The Cabinet Mission was sent to India in 1946 by the British Prime Minister Clement Attlee to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to Indian leadership. The mission consisted of three high-ranking members of the British Cabinet: Lord Pethick-Lawrence (Secretary of State for India), Sir Stafford Cripps (President of the Board of Trade), and A.V. Alexander (First Lord of the Admiralty).
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. August Offer (1940): This was a proposal made by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow to gain Indian support during WWII; it was not a mission consisting of these three individuals.
- b. Wavell Plan (1945): This was a proposal by Viceroy Lord Wavell to resolve the political deadlock in India, leading to the Simla Conference.
- d. Cripps Mission (1942): While Stafford Cripps was the sole lead of this mission, Lord Pethick-Lawrence and A.V. Alexander were not part of it.
Aseries of riots by farmers in 1875 against the government’s revenue policies in the southern part of India was popularly known as the-
A)
South Indian Riots
B)
Malabar Riots
C)
Indigo Riots
D)
Deccan Riots
The Deccan Riots of 1875 were a series of peasant uprisings in the Deccan region of Maharashtra (Southern/Western part of India) against the oppressive revenue policies of the British government and the exploitative practices of moneylenders (Sahukars). The riots were triggered by the high land revenue demands and the indebtedness of farmers. In response to these riots, the British government appointed the Deccan Agriculturalists' Relief Committee and subsequently passed the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act of 1879.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. South Indian Riots: This is a generic term and not the specific historical name of the 1875 movement.
- b. Malabar Riots: These typically refer to the Mappila rebellions in Kerala, which occurred over a longer period and were primarily against landlords (Jenmis) rather than specifically the 1875 revenue policy riots.
- c. Indigo Riots: These occurred in 1859-60 primarily in Bengal (Eastern India), not Southern India, and were against the forced cultivation of indigo.
The leader of the Home Rule movement borrowed the term ‘Home Rule’ from similar movement in-
A)
Ireland
B)
Scotland
C)
USA
D)
Mexico
The Home Rule movement in India was launched in 1916 by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The concept and the term 'Home Rule' were directly inspired by the Irish Home Rule League, which sought autonomy for Ireland from the British Parliament. Annie Besant, who had strong ties to the Irish nationalist movement and had worked with Irish leaders, adapted this model to the Indian context to demand self-government (Swaraj) within the British Empire.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Scotland: While Scotland had movements for devolution, the specific 'Home Rule' political framework used by Besant and Tilak was modeled on the Irish experience.
- USA: The USA fought a war of independence for complete separation from Britain, whereas the Home Rule movement initially sought dominion status/self-governance within the empire.
- Mexico: Mexico's political struggles were centered around internal revolutions and independence from Spain, which did not influence the specific terminology of the Indian Home Rule League.
Members of the Simon Commission arrived India in the year-
A)
1922
B)
1927
C)
1928
D)
1930
The Simon Commission (officially the Indian Statutory Commission) was appointed by the British government in November 1927 to review the Government of India Act 1919 and suggest further constitutional reforms. However, the commission, led by Sir John Simon, actually arrived in India in February 1928. Its arrival was met with widespread protests and the famous slogan 'Simon Go Back!' because the commission consisted entirely of British members and excluded any Indian representatives, which was seen as an insult to Indians' right to determine their own constitutional future.
Analysis of other options:
- 1922: This period was marked by the aftermath of the Non-Cooperation Movement (which was called off by Gandhi in 1922).
- 1927: This is the year the commission was appointed/announced, but not the year it arrived in India.
- 1930: This year is associated with the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Dandi March.
The poet ___ her is alive.
A)
about
B)
of
C)
in
D)
for
The sentence 'The poet in her is alive' uses the preposition 'in' to refer to a quality, characteristic, or spirit that exists within a person. In this context, 'the poet' does not refer to a literal person, but to the 'poetic nature' or 'artistic spirit' residing inside the subject ('her').
Breakdown of options:
- 'about' (a): Used for subjects or approximate locations; 'The poet about her' would imply a person physically near her, which doesn't fit the predicate 'is alive' in a metaphorical sense.
- 'of' (b): Used for possession or origin; 'The poet of her' is grammatically incorrect in this context.
- 'in' (c): Correct. It indicates an internal quality or essence (e.g., 'The child in him is still alive').
- 'for' (d): Used for purpose or duration; 'The poet for her' would imply a poet designated for her, which does not logically fit the sentence structure.
There was a serious ___ between the two brothers.
A)
altarage
B)
alteration
C)
altercation
D)
aberration
The sentence requires a noun that describes a conflict or a disagreement between two people.
1. **Altercation (Option c):** This is the correct word. An 'altercation' is a noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public. It fits the context of a 'serious' conflict between two brothers perfectly.
2. **Altarage (Option a):** This is not a standard English word. (An 'altar' is a table used in religious ceremonies).
3. **Alteration (Option b):** This refers to a change or modification (e.g., making alterations to a piece of clothing). It does not fit the context of a conflict between people.
4. **Aberration (Option d):** This refers to a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically one that is unwelcome. While a fight could be an aberration in behavior, the word 'altercation' specifically describes the act of arguing, which is the intended meaning here.
I ___ a lot of stray dogs in that neighbourhood.
A)
saw
B)
have seen
C)
had seen
D)
will see
The sentence describes a completed action or a general observation made in a specific location ('in that neighbourhood').
1. **Option (a) 'saw' (Simple Past):** This is the most natural fit. It indicates a completed action at a specific time in the past. When describing a past experience of seeing something in a particular place, the simple past is the standard choice.
2. **Option (b) 'have seen' (Present Perfect):** While grammatically possible to describe a life experience, the use of 'that neighbourhood' often implies a specific visit or a specific point in time, making the simple past more appropriate than the present perfect, which usually lacks a specific time reference.
3. **Option (c) 'had seen' (Past Perfect):** This tense is used to describe an action completed before another action in the past. Since there is no second past action mentioned in the sentence to provide a timeline, the past perfect is incorrect.
4. **Option (d) 'will see' (Simple Future):** This would imply a prediction or a plan. While grammatically correct in isolation, in the context of standard English proficiency exams, this type of sentence typically tests the ability to report a past observation unless a future time marker (like 'tomorrow') is present.
Therefore, 'saw' is the most appropriate and common answer for this context.
Identify the notion/concept expressed: 'The room is nice, though small.'
A)
concession
B)
condition
C)
comparison
D)
result
The sentence 'The room is nice, though small' uses the conjunction 'though' to introduce a contrasting fact that does not prevent the main statement from being true. In grammar, this is known as a 'concession.' A concession occurs when the speaker acknowledges a point (the room is small) that would normally seem to contradict or weaken the main point (the room is nice), but asserts that the main point remains valid despite that fact.
Why other options are incorrect:
- b. Condition: A conditional sentence typically uses 'if' or 'unless' to specify a requirement for an outcome (e.g., 'If the room is small, it will be cheap').
- c. Comparison: Comparison involves weighing two things against each other using words like 'than' or 'as' (e.g., 'This room is smaller than that one').
- d. Result: A result expresses the consequence of an action, often using 'so' or 'therefore' (e.g., 'The room was small, so it was easy to clean').
His patriotic speeches ___ people to dedicate their lives for the nation.
A)
forced
B)
inspired
C)
inflamed
D)
prompted
The sentence requires a verb that describes the positive effect of 'patriotic speeches' on people's willingness to serve their country.
1. **Inspired (Correct):** To inspire means to fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially something creative or noble. Patriotic speeches are designed to evoke feelings of love and duty, making 'inspired' the most appropriate and positive fit for the context of dedicating one's life to a nation.
2. **Forced (Incorrect):** 'Forced' implies coercion or lack of choice. Patriotic speeches aim to motivate through emotion and conviction, not through physical or legal compulsion.
3. **Inflamed (Incorrect):** 'Inflamed' usually means to provoke strong feelings of anger or passion, often in a negative or violent sense (e.g., 'inflaming passions' or 'inflaming a conflict'). While it involves passion, it lacks the noble connotation required for 'dedicating lives' to a nation.
4. **Prompted (Incorrect):** 'Prompted' means to cause or bring about an action. While grammatically possible, it is a neutral term. 'Inspired' is a much stronger and more precise collocation for the emotional impact of patriotic rhetoric.
Before pursuing entrepreneurship, Mary ___ very hard in IT domain.
A)
had worked
B)
had been working
C)
has worked
D)
worked
The sentence describes two actions that happened in the past: 1) Mary working in the IT domain, and 2) Mary pursuing entrepreneurship. When two actions occur in the past, the action that happened first is expressed using the Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle), while the subsequent action is expressed in the Simple Past. Since Mary worked in IT *before* she pursued entrepreneurship, the first action must be in the Past Perfect.
- Option (a) 'had worked' is the correct Past Perfect form.
- Option (b) 'had been working' (Past Perfect Continuous) could be grammatically possible to emphasize duration, but in standard competitive exam contexts for this sentence structure, the Past Perfect is the primary choice to establish the sequence of events.
- Option (c) 'has worked' is Present Perfect, which cannot be used with a past reference point ('Before pursuing...').
- Option (d) 'worked' is Simple Past; while common in casual speech, it is grammatically less precise than the Past Perfect when 'before' explicitly marks a sequence of two completed past events.
Choose the best expression in Direct/Indirect Speech: 'He said that though he had come, it was against his will.'
A)
He said, “Though I came, it is against my will.”
B)
He said, “Though I had come, it was against my will.”
C)
He said, “Though I have come, it is against my will.”
D)
He said, “I have come, but it is against my will.”
To convert the given indirect speech ('He said that though he had come, it was against his will') back into direct speech, we must reverse the tense changes and pronoun shifts:
1. **Pronoun Shift**: The indirect 'he' refers to the speaker, so it becomes 'I' in direct speech.
2. **Tense Shift (Past Perfect to Present Perfect)**: In indirect speech, the 'Past Perfect' (had come) usually represents a 'Present Perfect' (have come) or 'Simple Past' (came) from the original direct speech.
3. **Tense Shift (Simple Past to Simple Present)**: The indirect 'was' (Simple Past) corresponds to the direct 'is' (Simple Present).
Evaluating the options:
- **Option (a)**: 'Though I came, it is against my will.' (Mixing Simple Past and Simple Present; less likely to result in the specific 'had come' and 'was' structure).
- **Option (b)**: 'Though I had come, it was against my will.' (This keeps the tenses in the past, which would typically shift further back or remain the same, but doesn't follow the standard back-shift rule for a primary statement).
- **Option (c)**: 'Though I have come, it is against my will.' (Correct. 'Have come' [Present Perfect] shifts to 'had come' [Past Perfect], and 'is' [Simple Present] shifts to 'was' [Simple Past] when reported).
- **Option (d)**: 'I have come, but it is against my will.' (Changes the conjunction 'though' to 'but', altering the sentence structure).
Therefore, option (c) is the most accurate direct speech equivalent.
___ you meet my son in the market, ask him to call me.
A)
Should
B)
Would
C)
While
D)
Will
This sentence is a conditional sentence where the 'if' clause has been inverted for a more formal tone. The original sentence would be: 'If you should meet my son in the market, ask him to call me.' In English grammar, when 'if' is omitted in a first conditional sentence to express a possibility (often a remote or unlikely one), the auxiliary verb 'Should' is moved to the front of the sentence. This is known as 'Inversion in Conditional Clauses'.
Analysis of options:
- (a) 'Should': Correct. It creates a conditional meaning ('If you happen to meet...').
- (b) 'Would': Incorrect. 'Would' is used in the result clause of a second conditional, not as an inverted conditional marker in the if-clause.
- (c) 'While': Incorrect. 'While' is a conjunction of time. If used, the sentence would need to be 'While you are meeting' or 'While meeting', and it would not logically fit the imperative 'ask him to call me' in this specific structure.
- (d) 'Will': Incorrect. 'Will' cannot be used at the start of a conditional clause to replace 'if'.
The terrorists made a vain attempt to ___ the bridge.
A)
blow down
B)
blow up
C)
blow over
D)
blow out
The sentence requires a phrasal verb that describes the act of destroying a structure (a bridge) using explosives.
1. 'Blow up' means to explode or destroy something with explosives. This fits the context of terrorists attacking a bridge perfectly.
2. 'Blow down' means to be knocked over by the wind (e.g., 'The storm blew down the trees').
3. 'Blow over' means for a situation or argument to end or be forgotten without serious consequences (e.g., 'The scandal will eventually blow over').
4. 'Blow out' means to extinguish a flame by blowing (e.g., 'blow out the candles') or for a tire to burst.
Therefore, 'blow up' is the only logically and linguistically correct choice.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: 'I seldom go out these days.'
A)
Verb
B)
Adverb
C)
Preposition
D)
Adjective
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analyze the sentence: 'I seldom go out these days.' 2. Identify the underlined word: 'seldom'. 3. Determine the function of 'seldom': It describes the frequency of the action 'go out'. 4. Apply grammatical rules: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by answering questions such as 'How often?', 'Where?', 'When?', or 'To what extent?' are classified as adverbs. Specifically, 'seldom' is an Adverb of Frequency. 5. Evaluate options: (a) Verb: 'seldom' does not express an action or state. (b) Adverb: Correct, as it modifies the verb 'go'. (c) Preposition: It does not show a relationship between a noun/pronoun and another part of the sentence. (d) Adjective: It does not modify a noun.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: 'He is rich enough to maintain a car.'
A)
Adverb
B)
Adjective
C)
Conjunction
D)
Pronoun
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Identify the underlined word: In the sentence 'He is rich enough to maintain a car', the word 'enough' is the target word. 2. Analyze the function: The word 'enough' is modifying the word 'rich'. 3. Determine the part of speech of 'rich': 'Rich' is an adjective describing the pronoun 'He'. 4. Apply grammar rules: A word that modifies an adjective, a verb, or another adverb is classified as an adverb. Since 'enough' is modifying the adjective 'rich' (indicating the degree of richness), it functions as an adverb of degree. 5. Evaluate other options: (b) Adjective: While 'enough' can be an adjective (e.g., 'I have enough money'), here it follows the adjective it modifies, which is a characteristic position for the adverbial use of 'enough'. (c) Conjunction: It does not join two clauses or phrases. (d) Pronoun: It does not replace a noun.
He felled the tree ___ an axe.
A)
by
B)
with
C)
of
D)
in
In English grammar, there is a distinct difference between the prepositions 'by' and 'with' when referring to the means of doing something.
1. 'With' is used to denote the instrument or tool used to perform an action (e.g., 'cut with a knife', 'write with a pen'). Since an axe is the physical tool used to fell the tree, 'with' is the correct preposition.
2. 'By' is typically used to denote the agent (the person or thing performing the action) or the method/means of transport (e.g., 'the tree was felled by the lumberjack', 'travel by bus').
3. 'Of' is used to show possession, origin, or composition, which does not fit the context of using a tool.
4. 'In' is used for location, time, or manner, which is incorrect in this context.
Therefore, 'He felled the tree with an axe' is the grammatically correct sentence.
Identify the correct notion expressed: 'Don’t you ever borrow my laptop again without asking!'
A)
Exclamatory
B)
Imperative
C)
Declarative
D)
Assertive
The sentence 'Don’t you ever borrow my laptop again without asking!' is an imperative sentence.
1. **Definition of Imperative**: An imperative sentence gives a command, a request, an invitation, a warning, or an instruction. In this case, the sentence is a strong command or a prohibition (telling someone NOT to do something).
2. **Structure**: Imperative sentences typically lack a visible subject because the subject is the implied 'you'. Even though the word 'you' is explicitly included here for emphasis (a common feature in strong commands), the primary function of the sentence is to issue a directive.
3. **Analysis of other options**:
- **Exclamatory (a)**: While the sentence ends with an exclamation mark, the exclamation mark here denotes the intensity of the command (emotion), not the grammatical type. An exclamatory sentence typically expresses a sudden emotion and often begins with 'What' or 'How' (e.g., 'What a beautiful day!').
- **Declarative (c)**: A declarative sentence makes a statement or expresses a fact (e.g., 'You borrowed my laptop'). This sentence does not state a fact; it issues a command.
- **Assertive (d)**: Assertive is another term for declarative. It is used to state something positively or negatively. This sentence is not merely asserting a fact but demanding a specific behavior.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: 'This is a junior school.'
A)
Noun
B)
Pronoun
C)
Adverb
D)
Adjective
In the sentence 'This is a junior school,' the word 'junior' is used to describe or qualify the noun 'school.' An adjective is a part of speech that modifies a noun or pronoun by providing more information about its quality, size, age, or type. Here, 'junior' specifies the type of school.
Breakdown of other options:
- a. Noun: A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. While 'junior' can be a noun in other contexts (e.g., 'He is a junior in high school'), in this specific sentence, it modifies 'school'.
- b. Pronoun: A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., 'This', 'He', 'It'). 'Junior' does not replace a noun here.
- c. Adverb: An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. 'Junior' is modifying a noun ('school'), not a verb or adjective.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: 'Put these books on the shelf above.'
A)
Conjunction
B)
Pronoun
C)
Adverb
D)
Preposition
In the sentence 'Put these books on the shelf above,' the word 'above' is functioning as an adverb of place.
1. **Analysis of 'above'**: A preposition must be followed by a noun or pronoun (its object) to create a prepositional phrase (e.g., 'above the table'). In this sentence, 'above' is not followed by any object; it stands alone to modify the location of the 'shelf'.
2. **Function**: It describes *where* the shelf is located. Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other nouns/adjectives to indicate place, time, or manner without an object are classified as adverbs.
3. **Why other options are incorrect**:
- **a. Conjunction**: A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., 'and', 'but'). 'Above' does not perform this function here.
- **b. Pronoun**: A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., 'he', 'it'). 'Above' does not replace a noun.
- **d. Preposition**: While 'above' can be a preposition, it requires an object to function as one. Since there is no noun following 'above' in this sentence, it cannot be a preposition.
Yesterday, she ___ for her lost dog since morning.
A)
searched
B)
had search
C)
had searched
D)
was searching
The sentence describes an action that started in the past ('since morning') and continued up until another point in the past ('Yesterday'). This requires the Past Perfect tense to indicate a duration of time leading up to a specific point in the past.
1. 'searched' (Simple Past) is incorrect because the phrase 'since morning' indicates a duration/continuation, which Simple Past cannot express on its own.
2. 'had search' is grammatically incorrect because the auxiliary verb 'had' must be followed by the past participle ('searched').
3. 'had searched' (Past Perfect) is correct as it denotes an action completed or continuing up to a certain point in the past.
4. 'was searching' (Past Continuous) describes an action happening at a specific moment, but it does not typically pair with 'since [time]' to show duration in the same way the perfect tenses do.
Note: While 'had been searching' (Past Perfect Continuous) would be the most natural choice for a continuing action, among the given options, 'had searched' is the only grammatically valid choice that accounts for the time duration indicated by 'since morning'.
Identify the correct notion expressed: 'As a little boy, Mawia loved the book Charlotte’s Web.'
A)
Assertive
B)
Declarative
C)
Optative
D)
Imperative
Step-by-step analysis: 1. Analyze the sentence: 'As a little boy, Mawia loved the book Charlotte’s Web.' 2. Determine the purpose: The sentence is stating a fact or providing information about Mawia's past preference. It is not asking a question, giving a command, or expressing a wish. 3. Evaluate the options: (a) Assertive: While declarative sentences are often called assertive, 'Declarative' is the primary grammatical classification for sentences that make a statement. (b) Declarative: A declarative sentence makes a statement, provides a fact, offers an explanation, or conveys information. This perfectly matches the given sentence. (c) Optative: These sentences express a wish, desire, or prayer (e.g., 'May you live long!'). This does not apply here. (d) Imperative: These sentences give a command, request, or instruction (e.g., 'Close the door'). This does not apply here. Therefore, the most precise grammatical term for a sentence that simply states a fact is 'Declarative'.
Identify the notion/concept expressed: 'You can’t get a job unless you have experience.'
A)
comparison
B)
condition
C)
possibility
D)
reason
The sentence 'You can’t get a job unless you have experience' uses the conjunction 'unless', which is a conditional marker. 'Unless' means 'if... not'. Therefore, the sentence can be rewritten as: 'If you do not have experience, you cannot get a job.' This establishes a requirement or a prerequisite that must be met for a specific outcome to occur, which is the definition of a 'condition'.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Comparison: There is no comparison being made between two different entities or qualities (e.g., no use of 'than', 'as...as', or 'more').
- c. Possibility: While the sentence discusses a potential outcome, the primary grammatical structure is focused on the requirement (the condition) rather than the likelihood or chance of it happening.
- d. Reason: A reason typically explains 'why' something happened (using 'because', 'since', or 'as'). This sentence does not explain the cause of a past event, but rather the rule/condition for a future possibility.
Choose the kind of clause of the underlined word/phrase: 'The problem is that we don’t have enough time.'
A)
Noun clause
B)
Finite subordinate clause
C)
Non-finite subordinate clause
D)
Adjective clause
Step-by-step analysis:
1. **Identify the clause**: The underlined part is 'that we don’t have enough time'.
2. **Analyze the structure**: The sentence consists of a subject ('The problem'), a linking verb ('is'), and a complement ('that we don’t have enough time').
3. **Determine the function**: The clause 'that we don’t have enough time' functions as a Subject Complement (specifically a Predicate Nominative). It renames or defines the subject 'The problem'.
4. **Classify the clause**: Any clause that functions as a noun (subject, object, or complement) is a Noun Clause.
Why other options are incorrect:
- **b. Finite subordinate clause**: While this is technically a finite subordinate clause (it has a subject and a tense), 'Noun clause' is the specific functional classification requested in grammar exams for this structure. Usually, when 'Noun clause' is an option, it is the intended answer over the general category of 'finite subordinate'.
- **c. Non-finite subordinate clause**: Incorrect, as the clause contains a finite verb ('don't have') with a subject ('we').
- **d. Adjective clause**: Incorrect, as the clause does not modify a noun; it completes the meaning of the linking verb 'is'.
We chose to ___ our views in the light of the new information.
A)
disclose
B)
revive
C)
diagnose
D)
revise
The sentence describes a situation where new information has been received, which typically prompts a person to change or update their existing opinions or views.
1. **Revise (Correct):** To 'revise' means to re-examine and make alterations to something (such as a piece of writing, a plan, or an opinion) to improve it or incorporate new data. In this context, 'revise our views in the light of new information' is a standard idiomatic expression meaning to update one's perspective based on new evidence.
2. **Disclose (Incorrect):** To 'disclose' means to make secret information known. While one can disclose views, the phrase 'in the light of new information' implies a change in the views themselves, not just the act of revealing them.
3. **Revive (Incorrect):** To 'revive' means to bring back to life or consciousness, or to make something popular again. You do not 'revive' views because of new information; you update them.
4. **Diagnose (Incorrect):** To 'diagnose' means to identify the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms. This term is medical or technical and does not fit the context of personal views or opinions.
Identify the notion/concept expressed: 'You must come round and see us.'
A)
request
B)
result
C)
supposition
D)
concession
The sentence 'You must come round and see us' uses the modal verb 'must'. While 'must' often expresses obligation or necessity, in social contexts, it is frequently used to make a warm, insistent invitation or a friendly request. In this specific phrasing ('come round and see us'), the speaker is not issuing a legal command or a strict requirement, but is rather expressing a strong desire for the listener to visit.
Comparing the options:
- (a) Request: Correct. This is a social request/invitation phrased with 'must' for emphasis.
- (b) Result: Incorrect. The sentence does not describe a consequence or an outcome of a previous action.
- (c) Supposition: Incorrect. A supposition involves an assumption or a hypothesis (e.g., 'He must be tired'), which is not the case here.
- (d) Concession: Incorrect. A concession acknowledges a counter-argument or a fact (e.g., 'Although it is raining, we will go'), which is absent here.