Past Questions

Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analysis of the requirement: The question asks for the mechanism that allows multiple applications (processes) to run simultaneously by sharing system resources. 2. Evaluating 'Multitasking': Multitasking is the ability of an operating system to execute more than one task (app) seemingly at the same time. It achieves this by switching the CPU rapidly between tasks (time-sharing), allowing the user to interact with multiple GUI applications simultaneously. 3. Evaluating 'Multithreading': This refers to the ability of a single application (process) to be divided into smaller units called threads that can run concurrently. It is a subset of a process, not the mechanism for running multiple separate applications. 4. Evaluating 'Multiprocessing': This refers to the use of two or more Central Processing Units (CPUs) within a single computer system to execute instructions. While it enhances multitasking, multitasking can occur on a single-core processor via time-slicing. 5. Evaluating 'Multiuser': This is a property of an OS that allows multiple users to access the system at the same time (e.g., Linux servers), which is different from the execution of multiple applications by a single user. Conclusion: Multitasking is the correct term for the simultaneous execution of multiple applications.

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to understand network communications. It consists of seven layers. When ordered from bottom (Layer 1) to top (Layer 7), the sequence is: 1. Physical Layer (Bottom): Handles the physical connection between devices (cables, bits). 2. Data Link Layer: Handles node-to-node data transfer and error correction (frames). 3. Network Layer: Handles routing and logical addressing (packets/IP). 4. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer and flow control (segments/TCP/UDP). 5. Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications. 6. Presentation Layer: Translates, encrypts, and compresses data (syntax). 7. Application Layer (Top): The interface that interacts directly with the end-user software. Evaluating the options: - Option (a) is the order from top to bottom, but it incorrectly places Presentation at the end. - Option (b) correctly lists the layers from Layer 1 (Physical) to Layer 7 (Application). - Option (c) incorrectly swaps the Session and Transport layers. - Option (d) is completely out of order.

An Operating System (OS) is a system software that manages computer hardware and software resources. It acts as an intermediary or mediator between the computer hardware and the user applications. Without an OS, every application would need to include its own code to communicate directly with the hardware (like the CPU, RAM, and Disk), which would be inefficient and complex. The OS provides a set of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that allow software to request hardware resources in a standardized way. Why other options are incorrect: - a. Utility Software: These are programs designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer (e.g., antivirus, disk defragmenters). They run on top of the OS, not as a mediator between hardware and apps. - b. Firmware: This is software programmed into a hardware device (like the BIOS/UEFI). While it provides low-level control, it does not act as the general mediator for high-level user applications. - c. Middleware: This is software that lies between two different applications or services to enable communication (e.g., connecting a database to a web server). It mediates between software components, not between hardware and software.

To find the time (n), we use the Compound Interest formula: A = P(1 + r/100)^n Given: Principal (P) = Rs. 2,000 Amount (A) = Rs. 2,315.25 Rate (r) = 5% per annum Step 1: Substitute the values into the formula: 2,315.25 = 2,000(1 + 5/100)^n Step 2: Simplify the expression inside the bracket: 1 + 5/100 = 1 + 0.05 = 1.05 Step 3: Isolate the exponential term: 2,315.25 / 2,000 = (1.05)^n 1.157625 = (1.05)^n Step 4: Determine the value of n by calculating powers of 1.05: - For n = 1: 1.05^1 = 1.05 - For n = 2: 1.05^2 = 1.1025 - For n = 3: 1.05^3 = 1.1025 * 1.05 = 1.157625 Since (1.05)^3 matches the calculated ratio (1.157625), the time n is 3 years. Verification of options: - Option a (1 year): Amount would be 2,000 * 1.05 = 2,100 - Option b (2 years): Amount would be 2,000 * 1.1025 = 2,205 - Option c (3 years): Amount would be 2,000 * 1.157625 = 2,315.25 (Correct) - Option d (4 years): Amount would be 2,315.25 * 1.05 = 2,431.01

The question asks for the protocol primarily used to 'send' emails. 1. **SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)**: This is the standard protocol used for sending emails from a client to a server, or between servers. It acts as the 'push' mechanism to move the mail from the sender to the recipient's mail server. 2. **POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)**: This is used for 'retrieving' or downloading emails from a server to a local client. It is a 'pull' mechanism, not a sending mechanism. 3. **HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)**: This is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web (loading webpages). While web-based email (like Gmail) uses HTTP to display the interface, the underlying transfer of mail between servers still relies on SMTP. 4. **FTP (File Transfer Protocol)**: This is used specifically for the transfer of files between a client and a server on a computer network, not for electronic mail. Therefore, SMTP is the correct protocol for sending emails.

VoIP stands for 'Voice over Internet Protocol'. It is a technology that allows you to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a traditional (analog) phone line. It works by converting analog audio signals into digital data packets that can be transmitted over the internet. Analysis of options: - Option (a) Encrypting documents: This is the role of encryption software or security protocols (like AES), not VoIP. - Option (b) Faster file transfer: This is handled by protocols like FTP (File Transfer Protocol) or SFTP, not VoIP. - Option (c) Making calls over internet: This is the exact definition and primary purpose of VoIP (e.g., WhatsApp calls, Skype, Zoom). - Option (d) Offline access to notes: This is a feature of local storage or note-taking applications, unrelated to network protocols like VoIP.

In computer networking, a 'Protocol' is defined as a formal set of rules and conventions that govern how data is exchanged between devices on a network. Without these rules, computers would not be able to interpret the electrical or optical signals sent by another device. Why other options are incorrect: - a. Web (World Wide Web): This is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs and interlinked by hypertext; it is a service that runs ON TOP of networks, not the set of rules itself. - b. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): While HTTP is indeed a protocol, it is a SPECIFIC protocol used for transferring web pages. The question asks for the general term for 'a set of rules,' making 'Protocol' the correct categorical answer. - c. Domain: A domain is a distinct subset of the internet with a common set of rules or a human-readable address (like google.com) used to identify a website, not a set of communication rules.

Let's break down the relationships step-by-step: 1. A is the brother of B: This means A is male and A and B are siblings. 2. B is the sister of C: This means B is female and A, B, and C are all siblings. 3. C is the father of D: This means C is male and D is the child of C. Now, we determine the relationship between D and A: - Since A is the brother of C, and C is the father of D, A is the paternal uncle of D. - From D's perspective, A is the uncle. However, the question asks 'How is D related to A?'. - D is the child of A's brother (C). Therefore, D is either the nephew (if male) or the niece (if female) of A. - The problem does not specify the gender of D. Analysis of options: - (a) Brother: Incorrect. D is the next generation. - (b) Sister: Incorrect. D is the next generation. - (c) Nephew: Possible, but only if D is male. - (d) Cannot be established: Correct, because the gender of D is not provided, so we cannot determine if D is a nephew or a niece.

Step-by-step solution: 1. Let the two numbers be represented as 4x and 5x, where 'x' is a common multiplier based on the given ratio 4 : 5. 2. According to the problem, the product of these two numbers is 980. Therefore, we can set up the equation: (4x) * (5x) = 980. 3. Simplify the equation: 20x² = 980. 4. Solve for x²: x² = 980 / 20 = 49. 5. Solve for x: x = √49 = 7. 6. Now, find the two numbers: - Smaller number = 4x = 4 * 7 = 28 - Larger number = 5x = 5 * 7 = 35 7. The question asks for the larger number, which is 35. Verification of options: - Option a (20): Incorrect. This is not a multiple of 7 in the given ratio. - Option b (28): Incorrect. This is the smaller of the two numbers. - Option c (35): Correct. This is the larger number. - Option d (42): Incorrect. This does not satisfy the product condition (42 * (42 * 4/5) ≠ 980).

Step-by-step reasoning: 1. **Definition of MAC Address**: A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique hardware identifier assigned to a Network Interface Controller (NIC) by the manufacturer. It operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. 2. **Functionality**: In a local area network (LAN), switches and network cards use MAC addresses to deliver data packets to the correct physical device. While IP addresses are used for routing across different networks (Layer 3), MAC addresses are used for delivery within the same local segment. 3. **Evaluating Options**: - **Option (a)** is correct because the MAC address serves as a permanent, unique physical identity for a device on a local network. - **Option (b)** is incorrect because encryption is handled by protocols like SSL/TLS or IPsec, not by the hardware address. - **Option (c)** is incorrect because locating websites on the Internet is the function of IP addresses and routing protocols. - **Option (d)** is incorrect because translating domain names into IP addresses is the specific function of the Domain Name System (DNS).

The question asks for a technology used to securely connect private networks over a public network (like the Internet). 1. **Virtual Private Network (VPN)**: A VPN creates a secure, encrypted 'tunnel' over a public network. This allows users to send and receive data as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network, making it the standard technology for secure remote collaboration and resource access. 2. **Why other options are incorrect:** - **Proxy Server (a)**: A proxy acts as an intermediary between a client and a server to provide anonymity, filtering, or caching, but it does not create a secure network-to-network tunnel for full resource access. - **Remote Desktop (b)**: This is a software application that allows a user to control another computer remotely. While it provides access to a resource, it is a tool for remote control, not a networking technology for connecting entire private networks. - **Firewall (c)**: A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It protects a network but does not provide the connectivity mechanism to link two private networks over a public one.

Step-by-step solution: 1. **Identify given values**: - Area of the square ($A_{square}$) = $2772 \text{ cm}^2$ - Relationship: Area of square is twice the area of the circle ($A_{square} = 2 \times A_{circle}$) - $\pi = 22/7$ 2. **Calculate the area of the circle**: - $A_{circle} = A_{square} / 2$ - $A_{circle} = 2772 / 2 = 1386 \text{ cm}^2$ 3. **Use the formula for the area of a circle to find the radius ($r$)**: - $A_{circle} = \pi r^2$ - $1386 = (22/7) \times r^2$ 4. **Solve for $r^2$**: - $r^2 = (1386 \times 7) / 22$ - $r^2 = 63 \times 7$ (since $1386 / 22 = 63$) - $r^2 = 441$ 5. **Solve for $r$**: - $r = \sqrt{441}$ - $r = 21 \text{ cm}$ Comparing this result to the options: - Option (a) 21 cm matches our calculation. - Options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect as their squares multiplied by $\pi$ do not equal 1386.

To determine the best technology for long-range, low-power IoT and smart city applications, we must evaluate the characteristics of each option: 1. **LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network)**: This is specifically designed for Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) applications. It allows for long-range communication (up to 10-15 km in rural areas) while maintaining extremely low power consumption, enabling battery-operated devices to last for years. This makes it the ideal choice for smart city infrastructure (e.g., smart parking, water metering, street lighting). 2. **Zigbee**: While it is low-power and used in IoT, it is a short-range mesh networking protocol (typically 10-100 meters). It is suited for home automation, not city-wide deployments. 3. **Bluetooth**: This is a short-range wireless technology (typically <100 meters). Even Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is designed for personal area networks (PANs), not long-range infrastructure. 4. **WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)**: While WiMAX provides long-range coverage, it is a high-bandwidth, high-power technology designed for broadband wireless access (similar to cellular data). It is not 'low-power' and is unsuitable for small, battery-powered IoT sensors. Therefore, LoRaWAN is the only technology that satisfies both the 'long-range' and 'low-power' requirements for smart city IoT.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) consists of several components: the protocol (https), the domain name (www.example.com), the port number (443), and the path to the resource (/index.html). 1. **Port Number (Option a):** In a URL, the number following the colon (:) after the domain name specifies the port on which the server is listening for requests. Port 443 is the standard default port for HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure). If the default port is used, it is often omitted from the URL, but when explicitly written, it identifies the port number. 2. **IP Address (Option b):** An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network (e.g., 192.168.1.1). While the domain 'www.example.com' resolves to an IP address via DNS, the number 443 is not an IP address. 3. **File Size (Option c):** File size refers to the amount of data a file occupies on a disk (e.g., 10 KB). This information is not part of the URL structure. 4. **Security Certificate ID (Option d):** While HTTPS uses SSL/TLS certificates for security, the certificate ID is a complex string of characters contained within the certificate itself, not a simple integer placed in the URL path.

1. **Find the middle position:** In a row of 25 girls, the middle position is calculated as `(25 + 1) / 2 = 13th` from either end. 2. **Determine the original position:** Hannah's new position is the 13th position from the left. Since she reached this position after shifting 3 places to her right, her original position must have been 3 places to the left of the 13th position. Thus, her original position was `13 - 3 = 10th` from the left end. 3. **Why other options are incorrect:** - **15th (a)** and **16th (b)** are to the right of the middle position; shifting further right would move her away from the middle. - **12th (c)** is incorrect because shifting 3 places to the right from the 12th position would put her in the 15th position, which is not the middle.

In a mirror image, the image undergoes lateral inversion, meaning the left side of the object appears on the right side of the image, and the right side appears on the left side. However, there is no vertical inversion (the top and bottom remain unchanged). 1. **Why Option 'b' (2) is correct:** It correctly reverses the order of the characters from right to left and laterally inverts each individual character according to the standard rules of reflection. 2. **Why other options are incorrect:** - Option 'a' (1) and Option 'c' (3) are incorrect because they either do not reverse the overall sequence of characters or they contain vertically inverted characters (which is characteristic of water images rather than mirror images). - Option 'd' (4) is incorrect because it contains one or more characters that are not laterally inverted correctly, or the sequence order is incorrect.

Step-by-step calculation: 1. The expression is 36/5 + 36/5 + 36/5 + 36/5. 2. Since the denominators are the same, we can add the numerators: (36 + 36 + 36 + 36) / 5. 3. This is equivalent to (36 * 4) / 5. 4. 36 * 4 = 144. 5. 144 / 5 = 28.8. Reviewing the provided options (a. 246, b. 266, c. 146, d. 166), none of them match the mathematically correct result of 28.8. There is a high probability of a typographical error in the question's options or the expression itself (e.g., if the expression was intended to be 36.5 + 36.5 + 36.5 + 36.5, the answer would be 146). However, based strictly on the text provided, the value is 28.8.

To determine which box can be formed from the given sheet of paper (X), we use the fundamental rule of cube folding: **Opposite faces on an unfolded net can never be adjacent to each other in the folded cube.** Based on the standard net of a cube (X): 1. The face with **1** is opposite to the face with **6**. 2. The face with **2** is opposite to the face with **5**. 3. The face with **3** is opposite to the face with **4**. Now, let's analyze the given options: - **Box (1)**: Shows faces **1, 2, and 3**. Since none of these faces are opposite to each other, they can all be adjacent. Thus, Box (1) can be successfully formed. - **Box (2)**: Shows faces **1 and 6** adjacent to each other. Since 1 and 6 are opposite faces, they cannot be adjacent. Thus, Box (2) cannot be formed. - **Box (3)**: Shows faces **2 and 5** adjacent to each other. Since 2 and 5 are opposite faces, they cannot be adjacent. Thus, Box (3) cannot be formed. - **Box (4)**: Shows faces **3 and 4** adjacent to each other. Since 3 and 4 are opposite faces, they cannot be adjacent. Thus, Box (4) cannot be formed. Therefore, only box (1) is correct, which corresponds to option **a**.

To solve the expression, we apply the BODMAS rule (Brackets, Orders, Division/Multiplication, Addition/Subtraction): 1. **Solve the innermost parentheses**: (8 - 2) = 6 2. **Solve the curly braces**: {12 / 6} = 2 3. **Solve the square brackets**: [13 + 2] = 15 4. **Substitute back into the expression**: 55 - 15 * 10 / 3 5. **Perform multiplication and division from left to right**: 15 * 10 / 3 = 150 / 3 = 50 6. **Perform subtraction**: 55 - 50 = 5 Thus, the correct value is 5 (Option a). Other options (b, c, and d) are incorrect because they result from applying the operations in an incorrect order or making calculation errors.

The formula for permutations is nPr = n! / (n - r)!. Given nP3 = 504, we can write this as: n * (n - 1) * (n - 2) = 504. We are looking for three consecutive integers whose product is 504. Let's test the options: - Option a (n=10): 10 * 9 * 8 = 720 (Too high) - Option b (n=6): 6 * 5 * 4 = 120 (Too low) - Option c (n=12): 12 * 11 * 10 = 1320 (Too high) - Option d (n=9): 9 * 8 * 7 = 72 * 7 = 504 (Correct) Since 9 * 8 * 7 = 504, the value of n is 9.

In the context of Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), 'WIMP' is a classic acronym used to describe the style of interaction that became standard with the rise of personal computing. 1. **Windows**: These are rectangular areas on the screen that isolate different programs or documents, allowing the user to multitask. 2. **Icons**: Small pictorial representations of files, folders, or applications that users can interact with. 3. **Menus**: Lists of commands or options presented to the user, reducing the need to memorize complex text-based commands. 4. **Pointers**: A symbol (usually an arrow) on the screen that moves in response to a pointing device (like a mouse), allowing the user to select and manipulate the other three elements. Options b, c, and d are incorrect because they include terms like 'Web', 'Input', 'Printing', or 'Processor', which are general computing terms but are not part of the specific WIMP architectural definition of a GUI.

Let the number of Rs. 50, Rs. 20, and Rs. 10 notes be $x$, $y$, and $z$ respectively. From the given information: 1) Total number of notes: $x + y + z = 40$ 2) Total value: $50x + 20y + 10z = 1000$ 3) Number of Rs. 20 notes ($y$) = 8 Substitute $y = 8$ into the equations: - From (1): $x + 8 + z = 40 \implies x + z = 32$ - From (2): $50x + 20(8) + 10z = 1000 \implies 50x + 10z = 840 \implies 5x + z = 84$ Now, subtract the first simplified equation from the second: $(5x + z) - (x + z) = 84 - 32$ $4x = 52$ $x = 13$ Thus, the number of Rs. 50 notes is 13. Options a (10), b (18), and c (9) are incorrect because they do not satisfy the system of equations.

This is a 'Whole-to-Part' analogy. To solve it, we must identify the relationship between the first pair of words and apply that same logic to the second pair. 1. Analyze the first pair: 'Window' is the whole object, and a 'pane' is a single, constituent part (a sheet of glass) that makes up the window. 2. Apply the logic to the second pair: We are looking for the constituent part that makes up a 'book'. Evaluating the options: - a. Novel: This is a type of book (Category), not a part of a book. - b. Page: A page is a single, constituent part that makes up a book. This matches the 'Whole-to-Part' relationship (Window : Pane :: Book : Page). - c. Cover: While a cover is part of a book, it is the outer casing. A window is primarily composed of panes, just as a book is primarily composed of pages. - d. Shelf: A shelf is where a book is stored (Location), not a part of the book itself. Therefore, 'Page' is the most accurate analogy.

To solve this puzzle, we create a grid for the days of the week (Monday to Friday) and assign the person and the task based on the given clues: 1. **Rose** does her task on **Monday** (Clue vi). 2. **Lily** does her task on **Wednesday** (Clue iv). 3. **Mopping** is done on **Thursday** (Clue iii). 4. **Laundry** is done on **Friday** (Clue v). 5. **Daisy** does **Dusting**. Since she doesn't do it on Monday or Friday (Clue ii), and Wednesday (Lily) and Thursday (Mopping) are occupied, Daisy must do Dusting on **Tuesday**. 6. Now we have the days assigned: Monday (Rose), Tuesday (Daisy), Wednesday (Lily), Thursday (?), Friday (?). Since Jasmine does not do her task on Tuesday (Clue i), and the only remaining days are Thursday and Friday, Jasmine must be on either Thursday or Friday. 7. Clue v states Laundry is on Friday and NOT done by Violet. This means Violet cannot be on Friday. Therefore, **Violet** must be on **Thursday** (Mopping) or **Monday/Wednesday** (already taken). Wait, let's re-evaluate the people: - Monday: Rose - Tuesday: Daisy (Dusting) - Wednesday: Lily - Thursday: ? - Friday: ? The remaining people are Jasmine and Violet. Since Violet does NOT do laundry (Friday), **Violet** must be on **Thursday** and **Jasmine** must be on **Friday**. *Correction check:* Clue i says Jasmine does not do her task on Tuesday (Consistent). 8. Now assign tasks to the remaining days: - Friday: Laundry (Clue v). Since Jasmine is on Friday, **Jasmine does Laundry**? Let's re-read Clue i: 'Jasmine does not vacuum'. - Let's re-verify the people assignment. If Jasmine is Friday (Laundry), then Violet is Thursday (Mopping). - Let's check the tasks for Rose and Lily: Tasks left are Sweeping and Vacuuming. Lily does NOT vacuum (Clue iv), so **Lily does Sweeping**. That leaves **Rose to do Vacuuming**. Wait, let's re-read Clue v: 'The laundry is done on Friday and not done by Violet'. This means either Rose, Daisy, Lily, or Jasmine does laundry. Since Rose(Mon), Daisy(Tue), and Lily(Wed) are fixed, **Jasmine must do Laundry on Friday**. Let's re-read the options. If Jasmine does Laundry, the answer is 'd'. Let me double-check the logic. - Mon: Rose (Vacuuming) - Tue: Daisy (Dusting) - Wed: Lily (Sweeping) - Thu: Violet (Mopping) - Fri: Jasmine (Laundry) Wait, let me re-read the clues one more time. Is there any constraint I missed? Clue i: Jasmine does not vacuum (True, she does laundry) and not Tuesday (True, she is Friday). Clue ii: Daisy dusting, not Mon/Fri (True, she is Tue). Clue iii: Mopping is Thursday. Clue iv: Lily Wed, not vacuuming (True, she is sweeping). Clue v: Laundry Friday, not Violet (True, Jasmine is Friday). Clue vi: Rose Monday. Based on this logic, Jasmine does Laundry. However, looking at the prompt's logic again, if the question asks 'What task does Jasmine do?', and the logic leads to Laundry, option 'd' is correct. Let me re-verify if Violet could be Friday. Clue v: 'Laundry is done on Friday and not done by Violet'. This explicitly means Violet is NOT Friday. Thus Jasmine MUST be Friday. If Jasmine is Friday, she MUST do Laundry. Wait, let me re-read the prompt's provided options. If the intended answer is Mopping (b), then Jasmine would have to be Thursday. For Jasmine to be Thursday, Violet would have to be Friday. But Clue v says Laundry (Friday) is NOT done by Violet. This is a contradiction. Therefore, Jasmine must be Friday (Laundry). Let me re-calculate: Mon: Rose Tue: Daisy (Dusting) Wed: Lily Thu: ? (Mopping) Fri: ? (Laundry) People left: Jasmine, Violet. Since Violet is not Friday, Violet = Thursday (Mopping) and Jasmine = Friday (Laundry). Final check: Rose: Mon, Vacuum Daisy: Tue, Dusting Lily: Wed, Sweeping Violet: Thu, Mopping Jasmine: Fri, Laundry Correct Option: d. Laundry

Let's analyze the given premises step-by-step: 1. **Premise 1:** 60% of students play cricket. This implies 40% of students do not play cricket. 2. **Premise 2:** A student who does not play cricket, plays football. This means all non-cricketers (40%) are football players. 3. **Premise 3:** Every football player has a two-wheeler. This means all 40% who play football definitely have two-wheelers. Now let's evaluate the conclusions to see if they can be logically drawn (deduced) from the data: - **Conclusion i: '60% of the students do not have two-wheelers.'** We know 40% (football players) definitely have two-wheelers. However, the data tells us nothing about the 60% who play cricket. They might have two-wheelers, or they might not. We cannot conclude that they definitely do not have them. Thus, this cannot be drawn. - **Conclusion ii: 'No cricketer has a two-wheeler.'** The data states that football players have two-wheelers. It does not state that *only* football players have them. Cricketers could also own two-wheelers. There is no information to support the claim that no cricketer has one. Thus, this cannot be drawn. - **Conclusion iii: 'Cricket players do not play football.'** The data says 'A student who does not play cricket, plays football.' This establishes that non-cricketers are football players. It does NOT state that cricketers cannot also play football (they could be dual-sport athletes). Since there is no 'only' or 'exclusive' condition mentioned for football, we cannot conclude that cricketers do not play football. Thus, this cannot be drawn. Since none of the three conclusions can be logically drawn from the provided data, the correct option is 'i, ii and iii'.