Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which of the following is not a dehydrating agent?
A)
Xylene
B)
Alcohol
C)
Acetone
D)
Dioxane
Option A is correct: Xylene.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Normal adult haemoglobin has:
A)
2 alpha and 2 delta chain
B)
2 alpha and 2 beta chain
C)
2 alpha and one beta chain
D)
2 alpha and 2 epsilon chain
Option B is correct: 2 alpha and 2 beta chain.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the genotype of individuals with the Bombay blood group?
A)
(BB) or Hh
B)
(OO) or Hh
C)
(hh) or H null
D)
(AB) or Hh
The Bombay blood group occurs in individuals who lack the H antigen due to the homozygous recessive genotype 'hh' at the H locus. Because the H antigen is absent, A or B antigens cannot be expressed even if the person carries ABO genes. This is also called the H null phenotype. The other options are incorrect because BB, OO, or AB refer to ABO genotypes, not the Bombay phenotype.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
The eosin solution used in H and E stain is prepared from:
A)
Eosin Y
B)
Eosin Z
C)
Eosin H
D)
Eosin C
Option A is correct: Eosin Y.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which incompatibilities are detected in the anti globulin phase of a crossmatch?
A)
IgM alloantibodies in recipient’s serum
B)
ABO incompatibilities
C)
IgG alloantibodies in recipient’s serum
D)
Room temperature incompatibilities
Option C is correct: IgG alloantibodies in recipient’s serum.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Stain used for demonstrating reticulocyte is:
A)
Romanowsky stain
B)
Methemine silver stain
C)
Supra- vital stain
D)
Congo red stain
Option C is correct: Supra- vital stain.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which statement accurately describes the Indirect Coombs test?
A)
It is used to find antibodies on the surface of RBCs
B)
It adds Coombs reagent directly to the patient’s RBC
C)
It detects free-floating antibodies in the patient’s serum that cause RBCs to be destroyed
D)
It is primarily used to diagnose autoimmune disorders
Option C is correct: It detects free-floating antibodies in the patient’s serum that cause RBCs to be destroyed.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the main function of a tissue fixative?
A)
To remove excess water
B)
To preserve cell morphology and prevent autolysis
C)
To harden and stain the tissue
D)
To preserve the tissue for biochemical test
Option B is correct: To preserve cell morphology and prevent autolysis.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which of these conditions is an example of pathologic hyperplasia?
A)
Compensatory hyperplasia of the liver after partial hepatectomy
B)
Increased breast tissue after puberty
C)
Hyperplasia of the uterine lining due to excessive estrogen
D)
An increase in number of cells during wound healing
Pathologic hyperplasia is an abnormal, excessive increase in the number of cells due to hormonal imbalance or other stimuli. Excess estrogen causing endometrial (uterine lining) hyperplasia is a classic example.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Compensatory hyperplasia of the liver after partial hepatectomy is a normal physiologic response.
- (b) Increased breast tissue after puberty is also physiologic hormonal hyperplasia.
- (d) Cell proliferation during wound healing is a normal reparative process, not pathologic hyperplasia.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
The high viscosity of synovial fluid is mainly due to the presence of:
A)
Albumin
B)
Hyaluronic acid
C)
Collagen
D)
Blood cells
Synovial fluid is highly viscous mainly because it contains hyaluronic acid, a large glycosaminoglycan that gives the fluid its slippery, gel-like consistency. Albumin is a plasma protein and does not chiefly determine viscosity. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not the main component responsible for synovial fluid viscosity. Blood cells may appear in abnormal conditions, but they do not account for the normal high viscosity.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which of these cells develop from the myeloblast lineage?
A)
Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil
B)
Lymphocyte, Erythrocyte, Monocyte
C)
Thrombocyte, Erythrocyte, Lymphocyte
D)
Erythrocyte, Thrombocyte, Lymphocyte
Option A is correct: Basophil, Eosinophil, Neutrophil.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Recipient serum is mixed with donor’s red cells in which type of cross matching:
A)
Major crossmatching
B)
Minor crossmatching
C)
Indirect cross matching
D)
Both b and c
Option A is correct: Major crossmatching.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the principle behind Alcian Blue staining?
A)
Covalent bonding with neutral sugars
B)
Hydrophobic interactions
C)
Ionic bonds between cationic dye and anionic mucin
D)
Metachromatic shift
Option C is correct: Ionic bonds between cationic dye and anionic mucin.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the standard concentration of formaldehyde in 10 % formalin?
A)
1 %
B)
10 %
C)
40 %
D)
4 %
10% formalin is a solution made by diluting commercial formaldehyde (which is usually about 37–40%) to one-tenth strength. Therefore, the actual formaldehyde content in 10% formalin is about 4%. Option (a) is too low, while (b) and (c) refer to formalin/formaldehyde concentrations incorrectly.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
The process of separation or removal of a blood component from whole blood is known as:
A)
Plasmapheresis
B)
Apheresis
C)
Autopheresis
D)
Cytapheresis
Option B is correct: Apheresis.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
The refractive index (RI) of a mounting medium should ideally be similar to that of the glass slide and the tissue specimen for optimal clarity. What is the approximate ideal refractive index?
A)
1.4 – 1.54
B)
1.0
C)
2.0
D)
1.33
Option A is correct: 1.4 – 1.54.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Reticulin fibres stain _________ in Silver impregnation method:
A)
Blue
B)
Black
C)
Red
D)
Yellow
Option B is correct: Black.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the name of the gaps in the myelin sheath where the nerve impulse jumps during saltatory conduction?
A)
Synapse
B)
Nodes of Ranvier
C)
Axon terminals
D)
Cell body
Option B is correct: Nodes of Ranvier.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is a characteristic of a benign neoplasm?
A)
Metastasis to distant sites
B)
Invasion of surrounding tissue
C)
Rapid, uncontrolled growth
D)
It does not spread and usually has a more favorable prognosis
A benign neoplasm is non-cancerous. It typically grows slowly, remains localized, and does not metastasize to distant sites. Option (d) correctly describes this behavior and its generally good prognosis. Options (a) and (b) are features of malignant tumors, and (c) is more characteristic of malignant or aggressive neoplasms rather than benign ones.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which of the following is an example of exfoliative cytology?
A)
Bronchoalveolar lavage
B)
FNAC
C)
Biopsy
D)
Bone marrow aspiration
Exfoliative cytology studies cells shed or washed off from body surfaces and cavities. Bronchoalveolar lavage collects cells from the lining of the bronchioles and alveoli by washing them out, so it is an example of exfoliative cytology. FNAC and bone marrow aspiration are aspiration cytology techniques, while biopsy is a tissue-based histopathological examination, not cytology.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
An automated haematology cell counter use the principle of:
A)
diffusion
B)
colour absorption changes
C)
electrical impedence
D)
wave frequency
Option C is correct: electrical impedence.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the purpose of acid alcohol in Ziehl Neelsen staining process?
A)
To fix the smear
B)
To decolorize non acid fast organism
C)
To heat the slide
D)
To counterstain the background
Option B is correct: To decolorize non acid fast organism.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
Which RBC parameter is evolutionarily conserved across species?
A)
Haematocrit
B)
MCV
C)
MCHC
D)
RBC count
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the RBC parameter that is most evolutionarily conserved across species. This is because red cells generally maintain a fairly constant intracellular hemoglobin concentration for efficient oxygen transport. In contrast, haematocrit, MCV, and RBC count vary more widely among species depending on body size, oxygen demand, and erythrocyte morphology.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
The term for abnormal morphology of sperm in ejaculate for sperm analysis is:
A)
Azoospermia
B)
Asthenozoospermia
C)
Teratozoospermia
D)
Oligozoospermia
Option C is correct: Teratozoospermia.
Combined Technical (NG) • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Subject)
What is the purpose of the ‘bluing’ step after applying Mayer’s Hematoxylin?
A)
To remove excess eosin
B)
To counterstain the cytoplasm
C)
To fix the tissue
D)
To shift the acidic stain to its blue alkaline form
Option D is correct: To shift the acidic stain to its blue alkaline form.
