← Combined Technical (NG)
Past Questions
The Chipko movement is started by:
A)
Engler
B)
Sunderlal Bahuguna
C)
Medha Padkar
D)
None of these
The Chipko movement was a non-violent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in India in the 1970s to protect trees from being felled. Sunderlal Bahuguna was one of the most prominent leaders of this movement, gaining international recognition for his role in advocating for the preservation of forests in the Himalayas. He popularized the movement's philosophy of 'hugging' trees to prevent them from being cut.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) Engler: Not associated with the Chipko movement.
- Option (c) Medha Patkar: She is a renowned social activist known for the Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save Narmada Movement), not the Chipko movement.
- Option (d) None of these: Incorrect as Sunderlal Bahuguna is a correct answer.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) is announced on the basis of the recommendation given by the:
A)
Ministry of Agriculture
B)
Chamber of Commerce
C)
Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices
D)
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the price at which the Government of India purchases crops from farmers to ensure they get a fair return on their produce and to protect them against sharp falls in prices. The process for determining MSP is as follows:
1. The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) is an attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It is an expert body that analyzes various factors such as cost of production, demand and supply, and market trends.
2. The CACP provides recommendations on the MSP for various Kharif and Rabi crops.
3. These recommendations are then considered by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by the Prime Minister, which takes the final decision on the announcement of the MSP.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option (a): While the CACP is attached to the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry itself does not 'recommend' the price; it is the specialized Commission (CACP) that performs the technical analysis and recommendation.
- Option (b): The Chamber of Commerce is a business organization and does not have a statutory role in government price-fixing for agriculture.
- Option (d): The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that provides global guidance and data, but it does not determine national price policies for India.
Mark the undiscounted technique to calculate feasibility of the investment.
A)
Net Present Value
B)
Internal Rate of Return
C)
Pay Back Period
D)
Benefit Cost Ratio
Option C is correct: Pay Back Period.
Use of physical space in communication process is called:
A)
Chronemics
B)
Haptics
C)
Proxemics
D)
Kinesics
The question asks for the term describing the use of physical space in the communication process. This falls under the study of non-verbal communication.
1. **Proxemics (Correct):** Coined by Edward T. Hall, proxemics is the study of how humans use space (distance) to communicate. It categorizes space into four zones: intimate, personal, social, and public distance.
2. **Chronemics (Incorrect):** This is the study of the role of time in communication (e.g., punctuality, waiting time, and pace of speech).
3. **Haptics (Incorrect):** This refers to communication through touch (e.g., handshakes, hugs, or patting on the back).
4. **Kinesics (Incorrect):** This is the study of body movement, gestures, facial expressions, and posture as a means of communication.
Precursor of ethylene is:
A)
Tryptophane
B)
Methionine
C)
ABA
D)
IAA
Option B is correct: Methionine.
What is the temperature range typically used in pasteurization?
A)
100-1200°C
B)
60-750°C
C)
-18 to -230°C
D)
200-2200°C
Option B is correct: 60-750°C.
The energy spent in applying 100 Newton force to a body with its linear displacement of 100 meters is:
A)
1000 Joule
B)
10000 Joule
C)
5000 Joule
D)
100 Joule
To find the energy spent (which is equivalent to the work done in this context), we use the physics formula for Work:
Work (W) = Force (F) × Displacement (d) × cos(θ)
Given:
1. Force (F) = 100 Newton
2. Displacement (d) = 100 meters
3. Assuming the force is applied in the direction of displacement, the angle (θ) is 0°, and cos(0°) = 1.
Calculation:
W = 100 N × 100 m
W = 10,000 Joules
Comparing this result to the options:
- Option (a) 1000 Joule is incorrect (calculation error).
- Option (b) 10000 Joule is correct.
- Option (c) 5000 Joule is incorrect.
- Option (d) 100 Joule is incorrect.
Valorization of waste is a:
A)
Process of reusing waste material
B)
Process of recycling and composting waste material
C)
Process of reusing and composting waste material
D)
Process of reusing, recycling and composting waste material
Option D is correct: Process of reusing, recycling and composting waste material.
Tendency of pollutants to become concentrated in successive trophic levels is known as:
A)
Biomagnification
B)
Biorythm
C)
Bioremediation
D)
Biopiracy
The process described in the question is Biomagnification. This occurs when persistent, fat-soluble pollutants (such as DDT or methylmercury) are absorbed by organisms at the lowest trophic level. Because these pollutants cannot be easily metabolized or excreted, they accumulate in the tissues. As predators eat multiple prey from the level below, the concentration of the pollutant increases significantly at each successive level of the food chain, reaching its highest concentration in top predators.
Why other options are incorrect:
- b. Biorythm: Refers to the cyclical physiological changes in living organisms (e.g., circadian rhythms).
- c. Bioremediation: The use of microorganisms or plants to clean up contaminated soil or water by breaking down pollutants.
- d. Biopiracy: The unethical or illegal practice of exploiting biological resources or indigenous knowledge without fair compensation.
International Day for the Prevention of the Ozone Layer is observed on:
A)
3rd January
B)
16th September
C)
10th November
D)
26th March
The International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is observed annually on September 16th. This date commemorates the anniversary of the signing of the Montreal Protocol on September 16, 1987, which is a global agreement designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion (such as CFCs).
Analysis of other options:
- 3rd January: Not associated with a major international environmental day.
- 10th November: Not associated with the ozone layer.
- 26th March: World Meteorological Day is observed on March 23rd, but March 26th is not the designated day for ozone prevention.
HACCP defined as codex.
A)
Identifies and evaluates the hazards
B)
Identifies and controls hazards
C)
Identifies, evaluates and controls hazards
D)
Identifies and controls hazards after verification
Option C is correct: Identifies, evaluates and controls hazards.
How many bio-geographical zones are in India?
A)
10
B)
20
C)
25
D)
35
Option A is correct: 10.
Who introduced the term Hot-spots as biodiversity?
A)
Charles Christopher Adam
B)
Norman Myers
C)
Aziz Absaber
D)
Warder Clyde Allee
Option B is correct: Norman Myers.
Which storage method is commonly used to prevent rancidity in stored oils?
A)
Freezing
B)
Dry storage
C)
Refrigeration
D)
Hot storage
Option C is correct: Refrigeration.
Dairy farming, poultry farming, crop farming and pig farming are:
A)
Systems of farming
B)
Types of farming
C)
Both (a) and (b)
D)
None of the above
In agricultural science and farm management, 'Types of Farming' refers to the specific category or branch of agriculture based on the product being produced (e.g., dairy, poultry, piggery, or crop farming). These are classifications based on the enterprise. In contrast, 'Systems of Farming' refers to the organizational method or the structural approach used to manage the farm, such as Mixed Farming (combining crops and livestock), Intensive Farming, Extensive Farming, or Organic Farming. Since dairy, poultry, crop, and pig farming are specific enterprises/categories of production, they are classified as types of farming.
The most harmful ultraviolet radiations are:
A)
UV-C
B)
UV-B
C)
UV-A
D)
All of the above
Option A is correct: UV-C.
APEDA replaced:
A)
FPO
B)
FSSAI
C)
PFEPC
D)
FAA
Option C is correct: PFEPC.
The economic principle of ________ solves the problem of ‘how to produce’.
A)
equi-marginal returns
B)
factor substitution
C)
product substitution
D)
returns to scale
Option B is correct: factor substitution.
The difference between the price paid and received by a specific marketing agency is:
A)
Price spread
B)
Market margin
C)
Marketing cost
D)
Consumer surplus
Option B is correct: Market margin.
Bulk density of food grains is defined as:
A)
Mass per unit volume including pores
B)
Mass per unit volume excluding pores
C)
Weight of 1000 kernels
D)
Porosity
Option A is correct: Mass per unit volume including pores.
The additional cost associated with the use of an additional unit of input is:
A)
Marginal product cost
B)
Marginal revenue
C)
Average cost
D)
Marginal factor cost
In agricultural and production economics, the term 'Marginal' refers to the change resulting from one additional unit of input or output.
1. **Marginal Factor Cost (MFC)**: This is defined as the additional cost incurred by a producer when one additional unit of a variable input (factor of production, such as fertilizer or labor) is employed. It is the cost of the last unit of input added.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Marginal product cost**: This is not a standard economic term. 'Marginal Product' refers to the additional output produced by an additional unit of input, not the cost.
- **Marginal revenue**: This refers to the additional income generated by selling one additional unit of the final output (product), not the cost of an input.
- **Average cost**: This is the total cost divided by the total number of units produced or inputs used; it represents the mean cost per unit, not the cost of the 'additional' unit.
The efficacy of HACCP system relies on:
A)
Management
B)
Employee
C)
Management and employee
D)
Lead auditor
Option C is correct: Management and employee.
The inanimate source of power utilized for doing agricultural operation is:
A)
Anima power
B)
Human power
C)
Machine power
D)
Wind power
Option C is correct: Machine power.
Which model of communication is called the ‘Mathematical Theory’?
A)
Shannon and Weaver
B)
Berlo
C)
Schramm
D)
Leagans
Option A is correct: Shannon and Weaver.
The main source of acid rain is:
A)
Sulphur dioxide
B)
Nitrogen
C)
Carbon dioxide
D)
Carbon monoxide
Option A is correct: Sulphur dioxide.