← Combined Technical (NG)
Past Questions — 2026
The carpal bones are___________ in number.
A)
6
B)
7
C)
8
D)
9
The carpal bones are the small bones of the wrist, and there are 8 in each hand. They are arranged in two rows of four bones each. So the correct answer is 8. Options 6, 7, and 9 are incorrect because the standard anatomical number of carpal bones is eight.
The spine has____________ number of vertebrae:
A)
32
B)
33
C)
34
D)
35
The human spine is made up of 33 vertebrae in total: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (fused). Therefore, the correct answer is 33. The other options 32, 34, and 35 are incorrect.
Increasing the thickness of the aluminium filter causes:
A)
hardening of the xray beam
B)
softening of the xray beam
C)
has no significant effect on the xray beam characteristics
D)
blockage of all xray beam
An aluminium filter preferentially absorbs low-energy (soft) X-rays from the beam. When the filter thickness is increased, more low-energy photons are removed, so the average energy of the beam increases. This process is called beam hardening. Option (b) is the opposite of what happens, (c) is incorrect because filtration does change beam quality, and (d) is wrong because an aluminium filter does not block all X-rays completely.
What do the two numbers in a blood pressure reading, like 120/80 mmHg, represent?
A)
Systolic pressure / Diastolic pressure
B)
Diastolic pressure / Systolic pressure
C)
Arterial pressure / Venous pressure
D)
Heart rate / Stroke volume
A blood pressure reading has two values. The first number (e.g., 120) is the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts. The second number (e.g., 80) is the diastolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats. So 120/80 mmHg means systolic pressure / diastolic pressure. The other options are incorrect because blood pressure is not given as diastolic/systolic, arterial/venous, or heart rate/stroke volume.
The main arterial supply to the lower limb is a continuation of which artery?
A)
Common iliac artery
B)
Internal iliac artery
C)
External iliac artery
D)
Common femoral artery
The main arterial supply to the lower limb is the femoral artery, which is a continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes beneath the inguinal ligament. Therefore, the artery from which the lower limb arterial supply continues is the external iliac artery. Common iliac artery divides into internal and external iliac arteries, internal iliac supplies the pelvis, and common femoral artery is actually the continuation of the external iliac artery, not the source.
AEC( Automatic Exposure Control) controls:
A)
kVp
B)
Exposure time
C)
SID
D)
mA
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) in radiography automatically terminates the X-ray exposure when sufficient radiation has reached the image receptor. Thus, it controls the exposure time, not kVp, SID, or mA. kVp determines beam quality, mA determines beam quantity, and SID is the source-to-image distance.
Which bone forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth?
A)
Maxilla
B)
Zygomatic bone
C)
Palatine bone
D)
Vomer
The palatine bone contributes to the posterior part of the hard palate, which forms the roof of the mouth, and also helps form the floor of the nasal cavity. The maxilla forms most of the anterior hard palate but is not the best single answer here. The zygomatic bone forms the cheek, and the vomer forms the lower part of the nasal septum.
Hyperbilirubinemia causes:
A)
Hypothermia
B)
Hyperthermia
C)
Pallor
D)
Jaundice
Hyperbilirubinemia means an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. Excess bilirubin deposits in tissues, especially the skin and sclera, producing jaundice (yellow discoloration). The other options are not the typical direct result of hyperbilirubinemia.
The largest sesamoid bone in the human body is the:
A)
Pisiform
B)
Patella
C)
Hyoid
D)
Calcaneus
The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. Sesamoid bones develop within tendons, and the patella is embedded in the quadriceps tendon. Pisiform is also a sesamoid bone but much smaller. Hyoid is not a sesamoid bone, and calcaneus is the heel bone, not a sesamoid bone.
The triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the:
A)
Renal pelvis
B)
Trigone
C)
Detrusor
D)
Fundus
The triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder formed by the two ureteric openings and the internal urethral opening is called the trigone.
- Renal pelvis is part of the kidney, not the bladder.
- Detrusor is the muscular wall of the bladder.
- Fundus refers to a rounded base or upper part of an organ, not this triangular area.
The shaft of a long bone is known as the:
A)
Epiphysis
B)
Diaphysis
C)
Periosteum
D)
Medullary cavity
The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis. The epiphysis refers to the ends of the bone, the periosteum is the outer covering of the bone, and the medullary cavity is the hollow space inside the shaft that contains bone marrow.
The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of which cervical vertebra?
A)
C1
B)
C4
C)
C7
D)
C3
The common carotid artery typically bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, which corresponds to the C4 vertebral level. Option (b) is therefore correct. C1, C3, and C7 are not the usual anatomical level of bifurcation.
The SA node is located in the:
A)
Left atrium
B)
Right atrium
C)
Interventricular septum
D)
Left ventricle
The SA (sinoatrial) node is the natural pacemaker of the heart and is located in the right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava. It initiates the electrical impulse that spreads through the atria. The left atrium, interventricular septum, and left ventricle do not contain the SA node.
The enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth with the action of which enzyme?
A)
Pepsin
B)
Pancreatic lipase
C)
Salivary amylase
D)
Trypsin
Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth, where saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase (also called ptyalin). It begins breaking down starch into simpler sugars. Pepsin digests proteins in the stomach, pancreatic lipase digests fats, and trypsin digests proteins in the small intestine.
The thyroid gland consists of two lobes with:
A)
Frenulum
B)
Uvula
C)
Isthmus
D)
Hilum
The thyroid gland has two lateral lobes, which are connected in the middle by a narrow band of tissue called the isthmus. Frenulum and uvula are parts of the mouth/throat, and hilum is a term used for the point of entry/exit of vessels in organs like the kidney or lymph nodes, not the thyroid connection.
Haemodialysis is a medical procedure used to treat patients with kidney failure by:
A)
Filtering the blood artificially to remove waste products.
B)
Transplanting a new kidney.
C)
Reabsorbing excess urea.
D)
Increasing the patient’s blood pressure.
Haemodialysis is an artificial blood-cleaning process used in kidney failure. It removes waste products, excess salts, and extra water from the blood using a dialyser. Option (b) is kidney transplantation, not dialysis. Option (c) is incorrect because dialysis removes urea rather than reabsorbing it. Option (d) is unrelated to the purpose of haemodialysis.
Hypertension is defined as BP more than:
A)
110/70
B)
130/80
C)
140/90
D)
150/100
Hypertension is classically defined as blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg in standard exam context. Among the given options, 140/90 is the accepted threshold. 110/70 and 130/80 are normal or prehypertensive/raised levels in some newer classifications, while 150/100 is too high and not the standard definition.
The term used to describe a structure located closer to the midline of the body is:
A)
Lateral
B)
Proximal
C)
Medial
D)
Distal
In anatomical terminology, a structure closer to the midline of the body is called **medial**.
- **Lateral** means farther from the midline.
- **Proximal** means nearer to the point of attachment or origin.
- **Distal** means farther from the point of attachment or origin.
Therefore, the correct answer is **(c) Medial**.
A personal dosimeter commonly used by radiology staff:
A)
Sphygmomanometer
B)
EEG monitor
C)
TLD badge
D)
Thermometer
A personal dosimeter is used to monitor the radiation dose received by a person working with ionizing radiation. A TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter) badge is commonly worn by radiology staff for this purpose.
The other options are unrelated: a sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure, an EEG monitor records brain electrical activity, and a thermometer measures temperature.
Why is good personal and community hygiene crucial for preventing disease outbreaks?
A)
It improves a community’s economic status.
B)
It strengthens individual immunity alone.
C)
It stops the cycle of disease transmission from one person to another and throughout the environment.
D)
It makes it easier to track disease patterns.
Good personal and community hygiene helps prevent the spread of infectious agents by breaking the chain of transmission. Clean hands, safe sanitation, proper waste disposal, and hygienic surroundings reduce how germs move from person to person and via the environment. Option (a) is unrelated, (b) is incorrect because hygiene does not strengthen immunity alone, and (d) may help surveillance but is not the main reason hygiene prevents outbreaks.
Spermatogenesis (sperm production) occurs in the:
A)
Prostate gland
B)
Epididymis
C)
Vas deferens
D)
Seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of sperm cells, and it takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The prostate gland adds fluid to semen, the epididymis stores and matures sperm, and the vas deferens transports sperm.
The anatomical term that means ‘closer to the point of attachment’ is:
A)
Lateral
B)
Distal
C)
Proximal
D)
Inferior
In anatomy, **proximal** means nearer to the point of attachment or nearer to the trunk of the body. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
- **Lateral** means away from the midline.
- **Distal** means farther from the point of attachment.
- **Inferior** means lower or below another structure.
Therefore, the correct answer is **Proximal**.
Which part of the respiratory system is also known as the “voice box”?
A)
Pharynx
B)
Trachea
C)
Bronchioles
D)
Larynx
The larynx is called the "voice box" because it contains the vocal cords and is responsible for sound production. The pharynx is the throat passage, the trachea is the windpipe, and bronchioles are smaller air passages in the lungs.
The emulsion of a radiographic film is primarily composed of what two components?
A)
Polyester and gelatin.
B)
Silver halide crystals and gelatin.
C)
Lead and cellulose.
D)
Silver bromide and polyester.
A radiographic film emulsion is mainly made of silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin. The silver halide (such as silver bromide or silver iodide) is the light-sensitive component, while gelatin acts as the binder that holds the crystals in place on the film base. Option (a) is incorrect because polyester is the film base, not the emulsion. Option (c) is incorrect because lead and cellulose are not the emulsion components. Option (d) is incorrect because silver bromide is only one type of silver halide and polyester is the base, not the emulsion.
Which of the following is a naturally occurring radioactive primordial nuclide with an extremely long half-life, making it a major contributor to natural background radiation?
A)
Carbon-14
B)
Uranium-238
C)
Cesium-137
D)
Strontium-90
Uranium-238 is a naturally occurring primordial nuclide and has an extremely long half-life (about 4.47 billion years), so it remains abundant in nature and contributes significantly to natural background radiation. Carbon-14 is naturally occurring but not primordial in the same sense and has a much shorter half-life. Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are fission products, not naturally occurring primordial nuclides.