← Group B (Gazetted)
Past Questions
Which of the following statements regarding the Mizo District Council’s administrative structure and key personnel in its first term is INCORRECT?
A)
Lalsawia was the Chief Executive Member (CEM).
B)
Dr. Rosiama served as the Chairman.
C)
The first budget of the Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council was Rs. 15,377/-.
D)
R.B. Chawnga was appointed as the President of the District Council Court at Aizawl.
To determine the incorrect statement regarding the Mizo District Council's first term:
1. **Option A is correct**: Pu Lalsawia was indeed the first Chief Executive Member (CEM) of the Mizo District Council (1952–1954).
2. **Option B is correct**: Dr. Rosiama served as the first Chairman of the Mizo District Council (1952–1953).
3. **Option C is correct**: The first budget of the Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council for the year 1952-53 was indeed Rs. 15,377/-.
4. **Option D is incorrect**: Pu Lalbuaia (not R.B. Chawnga) was appointed as the first President of the District Council Court at Aizawl when the judicial system of the District Council was established.
Among the following organisms, which one does not belong to the class of the other three?
A)
Beetle
B)
Mosquito
C)
Ants
D)
Spider
Among the given options, the Spider (d) does not belong to the same class as the others. Spiders belong to the class Arachnida, which is characterized by having eight legs, two main body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen), and no antennae or wings. On the other hand, Beetles (a), Mosquitoes (b), and Ants (c) all belong to the class Insecta, which is characterized by having six legs, three main body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen), and antennae.
The implementation of the Peace Accord between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front resulted in:
A)
The first coalition government in Mizoram with Janata Dal.
B)
The resignation of Pu Lal Thanhawla to accommodate Pu Laldenga as Chief Minister.
C)
The dissolution of the first State Assembly within a year.
D)
The elevation of Mizoram to Union Territory status.
The Mizo Peace Accord was signed on June 30, 1986, between the Government of India and the Mizo National Front (MNF) to end decades of insurgency. As a key political compromise to implement the accord, the sitting Chief Minister of Mizoram, Pu Lal Thanhawla of the Congress party, resigned to pave the way for MNF leader Pu Laldenga to become the Chief Minister of an interim coalition government.
- Option 'a' is incorrect because the interim coalition government was formed between the Congress (I) and the MNF, not the Janata Dal.
- Option 'c' is incorrect because the dissolution of the assembly was not a direct outcome or provision of the Peace Accord's implementation.
- Option 'd' is incorrect because Mizoram was already a Union Territory (since 1972) and the accord actually elevated it to the status of a full State in February 1987.
India’s Deep Ocean Mission involves the development of technologies for mining Polymetallic Nodules from the seabed. These nodules are of significant economic interest primarily due to their high concentration of:
A)
Gold and Silver.
B)
Iron and Aluminum.
C)
Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, and Manganese.
D)
Thorium and Uranium.
Polymetallic nodules (also known as manganese nodules) are potato-shaped mineral concentrations found on the deep ocean floor. They are of immense economic and strategic interest because they contain high concentrations of valuable metals such as Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, and Manganese, which are critical for manufacturing electronics, electric vehicle batteries, and clean energy technologies. While they do contain iron and aluminum, these are abundant on land and not the primary economic driver for deep-sea mining (making option b incorrect). They do not contain significant or economically viable amounts of precious metals like gold and silver (option a) or radioactive elements like thorium and uranium (option d).
The FELUDA test for COVID-19, developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), is based on the same gene-editing technology as CRISPR-Cas9 but specifically utilizes which protein for detecting the virus’s genetic material?
A)
Cas12
B)
Cpf1
C)
Cas13a
D)
Cas9
The FELUDA test (FnCas9 Editor-Linked Uniform Detection Assay) is a paper strip-based diagnostic test for COVID-19 developed by CSIR-IGIB. It specifically utilizes the FnCas9 (Francisella novicida Cas9) protein to recognize and bind to the target viral gene sequence. Other proteins like Cas12 (also known as Cpf1) are used in the DETECTR diagnostic platform, while Cas13a is utilized in the SHERLOCK diagnostic platform.
The Mizo alphabet ‘a, aw, b’ was made following the:
A)
Hunterian system
B)
Syllabic system
C)
Logographic system
D)
Morphemic system
The Mizo alphabet ('a, aw, b') was developed in 1894 by Christian missionaries James Herbert Lorrain and Frederick William Savidge. They adopted the Roman script to write the Mizo language based on the Hunterian system of transliteration, which was the standard system used by the British administration in India for adapting local languages into the Roman script. The other options (Syllabic, Logographic, and Morphemic systems) are incorrect as they refer to different types of writing systems (like Chinese characters or Cherokee syllabary) and were not used to formulate the Mizo alphabet.
Find the Missing number in the series given below: 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 11, 8, 15, 10, ?
A)
12
B)
13
C)
17
D)
19
The given series is a combination of two alternating series:
1. The terms at odd positions (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th) form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of +2:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10
2. The terms at even positions (2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th) form an arithmetic progression with a common difference of +4:
3, 7, 11, 15, ...
The missing number is the 10th term in the sequence, which belongs to the second series. Therefore, the next term is 15 + 4 = 19.
Options a (12), b (13), and c (17) are incorrect because they do not satisfy the +4 pattern of the even-positioned series.
The ‘SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0’ is an initiative by the Department of Heavy Industry to promote Industry 4.0 in India. It focuses on the development of interconnected systems where manufacturing efficiency is enhanced by bridging the gap between:
A)
Traditional craftsmanship and modern design.
B)
Large-scale industries and Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
C)
The physical world of industrial machinery and the digital world of data and analytics.
D)
Public sector manufacturing units and private sector technology providers.
The 'SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0' initiative aims to facilitate the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the Indian manufacturing sector. Industry 4.0 (the Fourth Industrial Revolution) is characterized by cyber-physical systems, which integrate physical manufacturing machinery with digital technologies like IoT, AI, cloud computing, and data analytics to optimize production. Therefore, option C is correct. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they describe design integration, enterprise-scale collaboration, or public-private partnerships, none of which define the core technological essence of Industry 4.0.
The ‘Astra’ missile, a key asset of the Indian Air Force, represents a significant indigenous achievement in missile technology. Its defining characteristic is that it is a/an:
A)
Anti-tank guided missile with ‘fire-and-forget’ capability.
B)
Supersonic cruise missile launched from multiple platforms.
C)
Beyond-Visual-Range (BVR) Air-to-Air Missile.
D)
Submarine-launched ballistic missile.
The 'Astra' is India's first indigenously developed Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM). Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it is designed to be mounted on fighter aircraft (like the Sukhoi-30 MKI and LCA Tejas) to destroy highly maneuvering supersonic aerial targets at long ranges.
- Option a is incorrect: This describes anti-tank guided missiles like 'Nag' or 'Helina'.
- Option b is incorrect: This describes the 'BrahMos' supersonic cruise missile.
- Option d is incorrect: This describes submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) such as the 'K-15 Sagarika' or 'K-4'.
The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) is implementing a multi-pronged approach to build India’s supercomputing infrastructure. The ‘PARAM Siddhi-AI’, one of India’s most powerful supercomputers under this mission, is specifically architected to excel in:
A)
Climate modeling and monsoon simulation.
B)
Deep learning, visual computing, and big data analytics.
C)
Computational fluid dynamics for aerospace engineering.
D)
Genomic sequencing and bioinformatics research.
PARAM Siddhi-AI is India's premier High-Performance Computing-Artificial Intelligence (HPC-AI) supercomputer, developed under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) at C-DAC. As the 'AI' in its name suggests, it is specifically architected with NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD reference architecture to excel in artificial intelligence, deep learning, visual computing, virtual reality, and big data analytics. While traditional supercomputers are optimized for general scientific simulations like climate modeling (Option a), computational fluid dynamics (Option c), and genomics (Option d), PARAM Siddhi-AI is uniquely tailored to accelerate AI-driven research and application development.
Identify the correct differentiation between “Bawi(s)” and “Sal(s)” in traditional Mizo society based on the provided below:
A)
“Bawi(s)” were captives during wars or feuds and were considered the property of their captors, while “Sal(s)” were individuals who surrendered to the chief due to distress.
B)
“Sal(s)” could be kept by any household and were bought and sold, whereas “Bawi(s)” could only be possessed by a chief.
C)
Both “Bawi(s)” and “Sal(s)” were treated as members of the chief’s household and had the freedom to acquire private properties and marry.
D)
“Inpuichhung bawi” were criminals seeking refuge, “Chemsen bawi” surrendered due to poverty, and “Tukluh Bawi” were war captives.
In traditional Mizo society, 'Sal' and 'Bawi' represented two distinct forms of servitude. 'Sal' refers to war captives who were treated as chattel; they could be owned by any household, bought, sold, or gifted. In contrast, 'Bawi' were individuals who sought refuge or protection under the chief due to poverty, crime, or defeat, and they could only be possessed by a chief. Option a is incorrect because it reverses the definitions of Bawi and Sal. Option c is incorrect because Sals were treated as property and did not have the same rights or status as Bawis. Option d is incorrect because it misdefines the categories of Bawi: 'Inpuichhung bawi' were those driven by poverty/distress, while 'Chemsen bawi' were criminals seeking refuge.
Which one of the following is a tax paid to the Mizo chief?
A)
Salam
B)
Fathang
C)
Vanlung
D)
Khal
In traditional Mizo society, 'Fathang' was the principal agricultural tax paid to the Mizo chief (Lal) by his subjects. It was paid annually in kind, usually as a share of the paddy harvest, in recognition of the chief's ownership of the land.
- 'Salam' was not a regular tax, but a judicial fine or fee (typically a pig) paid to the chief's court by the losing party in a dispute.
- 'Khal' refers to traditional religious sacrifices or rituals performed for well-being and protection from evil spirits.
- 'Vanlung' is not a tax paid to the chief.
The Indian ‘Kavach’ system for train safety relies on the principle of ultra-high frequency radio communication between stationary track-side equipment and the locomotive. This technology is most accurately classified as:
A)
Optical Fibre Communication (OFC) based signaling.
B)
Long-range (LoRa) wide area network.
C)
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag interrogation.
D)
Satellite-based augmentation via GAGAN.
1. **Why Option C is correct:** The 'Kavach' system utilizes RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology as a core component. Passive RFID tags are installed on the railway tracks (stationary track-side), and RFID readers are fitted inside the locomotive. As the train passes over these tags, the reader interrogates them using Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) radio waves to determine the exact location, direction, and speed of the train, ensuring collision avoidance.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Option A (OFC):** Optical Fibre Communication is a wired medium used for ground-based network backbones between stations, not for wireless communication with a moving locomotive.
- **Option B (LoRa):** Long-Range (LoRa) WAN is a low-power wireless technology designed for IoT devices with low data rates, which does not meet the high-reliability, real-time safety standards (SIL-4) required by Kavach.
- **Option D (GAGAN):** GAGAN is India's satellite-based GPS augmentation system primarily used in aviation, whereas Kavach relies on ground-based RFID and UHF radio networks for precise train safety.
Khawnglung Run was during which of the following wars?
A)
Chhim leh Hmar indo.
B)
Chhak leh Thlang indo.
C)
Thlanrawn rawt.
D)
Halkha indo.
Khawnglung Run (the tragic raid and massacre of Khawnglung village) occurred in 1856. This event took place during the 'Chhim leh Hmar indo' (the war between the Southern and Northern chiefs of Mizoram), making option 'a' the correct answer.
- **Chhak leh Thlang indo** (East and West War) occurred later, between 1877 and 1880, and is a different conflict in Mizo history.
- **Thlanrawn rawt** and **Halkha indo** refer to other distinct historical conflicts and raids that are unrelated to the specific event of the Khawnglung Run.
The accepted official establishment of Aizawl was in?
A)
1st March, 1888
B)
1st Feb, 1890
C)
25th April, 1894
D)
25th Feb, 1890.
The official establishment of Aizawl is accepted as 25th February 1890. On this day, British troops under the command of Colonel Skinner arrived and established a military outpost (Fort Aizawl) to support the British expeditionary forces, marking the founding of the modern town. The other options (1st March 1888, 1st Feb 1890, and 25th April 1894) do not correspond to this historically recognized establishment date.
ISRO’s successful development of high-thrust cryogenic engine technology, crucial for its GSLV Mk-III (LVM3) launch vehicle, involved overcoming the extreme challenge of handling:
A)
Liquid hydrogen at -253°C and liquid oxygen at -183°C.
B)
Refined kerosene (RP-1) and solid aluminum propellants.
C)
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and nitrogen tetroxide.
D)
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) under hypergolic conditions.
Option 'a' is correct because cryogenic engines utilize propellants stored at extremely low (cryogenic) temperatures. For ISRO's high-thrust CE-20 cryogenic engine used in the LVM3 (GSLV Mk-III), the propellants are liquid hydrogen (LH2) as fuel, which must be maintained at -253°C, and liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer, maintained at -183°C. Option 'b' is incorrect because refined kerosene (RP-1) and solid aluminum are semi-cryogenic and solid propellants, respectively. Options 'c' and 'd' are incorrect because UDMH, MMH, and nitrogen tetroxide are storable hypergolic propellants that remain liquid at room temperature and do not require cryogenic cooling.
The ‘5G High Level Forum’ appointed by the Government of India outlined the vision for 5G in the country. A key recommendation, distinguishing its vision from a purely commercial rollout, was to primarily leverage 5G for:
A)
Enhancing urban mobile broadband speeds to compete with global standards.
B)
Societal benefits by focusing on applications in healthcare, agriculture, and smart cities.
C)
Reducing the operational cost for telecom operators.
D)
Replacing all existing 4G infrastructures with indigenous 5G equipment.
The '5G High Level Forum' set up by the Government of India submitted its report 'Making India 5G Ready' with a vision to leverage 5G for broader societal transformation. While commercial rollouts globally focus primarily on high-speed mobile broadband, India's vision specifically emphasized using 5G to deliver social benefits in key sectors like agriculture, healthcare, education, and smart cities. Option A and C represent standard commercial and operational goals rather than the distinguishing national vision. Option D is incorrect as 5G is designed to coexist with and leverage existing 4G infrastructure, not completely replace it immediately.
Find the Missing number in the series given below: 16, 22, 34, 58, 106, ? , 394
A)
178
B)
175
C)
288
D)
202
To find the missing number, we analyze the differences between consecutive terms in the series:
- 22 - 16 = 6
- 34 - 22 = 12
- 58 - 34 = 24
- 106 - 58 = 48
The differences form a geometric progression where each difference is multiplied by 2 (6, 12, 24, 48, ...). Following this pattern, the next difference must be 48 * 2 = 96.
Adding this difference to the last known term:
106 + 96 = 202.
To verify, the next difference should be 96 * 2 = 192. Adding this to 202 gives 202 + 192 = 394, which matches the final term of the series. Therefore, the correct option is d (202). Other options (a, b, and c) do not satisfy this mathematical pattern.
Bt Cotton is a genetically modified Cotton plant which:
A)
is resistant to bollworm.
B)
has not been released for commercial cultivation yet.
C)
developed a resistance to the herbicides.
D)
negates effect of Barnase protein.
Bt Cotton is a genetically modified pest-resistant plant cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to combat bollworm.
1. **Why Option 'a' is correct:** Bt Cotton contains genes derived from the soil bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt). These genes code for toxin proteins (Cry proteins) that are highly toxic to lepidopteran insects, specifically the bollworm, thereby providing built-in resistance to this devastating pest.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Option 'b' is incorrect** because Bt Cotton was approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2002 and is currently grown on millions of hectares.
- **Option 'c' is incorrect** because the primary modification in standard Bt Cotton is insect resistance, not herbicide tolerance (though herbicide-tolerant Bt cotton variants exist, Bt itself refers to insect resistance).
- **Option 'd' is incorrect** because the Barnase-Barstar system is a genetic tool used for creating male sterility in GM Mustard (like DMH-11), not Bt Cotton.
What should come in place of ‘a’ in the equation 38a4 + 98 = 3942?
A)
2
B)
4
C)
6
D)
8
To find the value of 'a', we can solve the equation step-by-step:
1. Subtract 98 from both sides of the equation:
38a4 = 3942 - 98
38a4 = 3844
2. By comparing the digits of the four-digit number 38a4 with 3844, we can see that the tens digit 'a' must be 4.
- Option 'a' (2) is incorrect because 3824 + 98 = 3922 ≠ 3942.
- Option 'c' (6) is incorrect because 3864 + 98 = 3962 ≠ 3942.
- Option 'd' (8) is incorrect because 3884 + 98 = 3982 ≠ 3942.
Which of the following is an example of thermonuclear fusion reaction?
A)
Hydrogen bomb
B)
Nuclear bomb
C)
Release of nuclear energy in the sun
D)
Both (a) and (c)
Thermonuclear fusion is a process where lighter atomic nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus under extremely high temperatures and pressures, releasing a massive amount of energy. Both the Hydrogen bomb (option a) and the Sun's energy production (option c) are classic examples of this process. In a Hydrogen bomb, an initial fission reaction provides the extreme heat required to trigger the fusion of hydrogen isotopes. In the Sun, immense gravitational pressure and core temperatures drive the fusion of hydrogen into helium. On the other hand, a standard 'Nuclear bomb' (option b), also known as an atomic bomb, relies primarily on nuclear fission (the splitting of heavy nuclei like Uranium or Plutonium) rather than fusion.
‘Oilzapper’, developed by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute), is a notable Indian innovation for bioremediation. It specifically consists of a consortium of bacteria highly effective in degrading:
A)
E-waste and heavy metals.
B)
Crude oil and oily sludge (hydrocarbon waste).
C)
Plastic and polymer waste.
D)
Agricultural and municipal solid waste.
Oilzapper is an eco-friendly technology developed by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) for the bioremediation of oil spills and oily sludge. It consists of a consortium of five bacterial strains that feed on hydrocarbons present in crude oil and oily sludge, converting them into harmless carbon dioxide and water. Options 'a' (E-waste and heavy metals), 'c' (Plastic and polymer waste), and 'd' (Agricultural and municipal solid waste) are incorrect because Oilzapper is specifically formulated to target hydrocarbon-based oil pollutants and is not effective against heavy metals, plastics, or general municipal solid waste.
Water passes from soil to plant roots by a physical process called?
A)
Osmosis
B)
Diffusion
C)
Absorption
D)
Transpiration
1. **Osmosis** is the correct answer because it is the specific physical process by which water molecules move from an area of higher water potential (the soil) to an area of lower water potential (inside the root hair cells) through a semi-permeable membrane.
2. **Diffusion** is incorrect because, although osmosis is a type of diffusion, diffusion refers generally to the movement of any substance (like gases or solutes) without necessarily involving a semi-permeable membrane.
3. **Absorption** is incorrect because it is a general biological term for taking in substances, rather than the specific physical mechanism of water transport.
4. **Transpiration** is incorrect because it is the process of water loss (as vapor) from the leaves of the plant, not the uptake of water by the roots.
Regarding the division of property upon dissolution of a marriage, under what specific circumstance will a woman who leaves her husband on ‘sumchhuah’ still retain rights over the acquired property?
A)
If her husband initiates the ‘sumchhuah’ by returning the marriage price.
B)
If she was compelled to leave due to her husband’s domestic violence or cruelty.
C)
If the separation is by mutual consent.
D)
If she has been deserted by her husband for at least two years.
Under Mizo customary law, 'Sumchhuah' is a form of divorce where the wife leaves her husband, which typically results in her forfeiting her rights to the joint or acquired property. However, an exception is made if she is compelled to leave her husband's house due to his cruelty, domestic violence, or severe ill-treatment. In such cases, the departure is not considered voluntary; instead, it is treated as constructive 'Mak' (divorce initiated by the husband), allowing the wife to retain her rights over the acquired property. Option (a) is incorrect because 'Sumchhuah' is initiated by the wife, not the husband. Option (c) refers to mutual consent divorce, which follows different customary rules. Option (d) refers to desertion, which is a separate ground for divorce and does not specifically govern the exception to property forfeiture under 'Sumchhuah'.
The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has revolutionized digital payments in India. A key technical feature that enables its high volume of real-time transactions is its:
A)
Dependence on a centralized server managed by the Reserve Bank of India.
B)
Use of a distributed ledger system similar to blockchain.
C)
Operation as a single-bank, closed-loop system for security.
D)
Three-tier architecture that decouples the payment service provider from the bank’s core banking system.
Option 'd' is correct because UPI's robust three-tier architecture (comprising the PSP/UPI App, the NPCI central switch, and the Bank's Core Banking System) decouples the front-end payment service providers from the banks' legacy core banking systems. This separation allows the system to handle massive transaction volumes in real-time without overloading bank servers. Option 'a' is incorrect because UPI is operated by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), not directly by the RBI. Option 'b' is incorrect because UPI does not use blockchain or distributed ledger technology. Option 'c' is incorrect because UPI is an open-loop, highly interoperable system across multiple banks, not a closed-loop system.