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Past Questions
The approximate cost of a building of cubic content of 400 cu m@ Rs.180/- per cu m is __________.
A)
Rs. 92000/-
B)
Rs. 12000/-
C)
Rs. 72000/-
D)
Rs. 42000/-
Approximate cost = cubic content × rate per cubic metre = 400 × 180 = 72,000. Hence the correct answer is Rs. 72,000/-. The other options do not match this multiplication.
What is the main advantage of drip irrigation?
A)
Low initial cost
B)
Suitable for all soil type
C)
Easy to install and maintain
D)
High water application efficiency
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone in small, controlled amounts, which minimizes evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation losses. Hence, its main advantage is high water application efficiency. The other options are not the main advantage: drip systems usually have higher initial cost, are not equally suitable for all soil types, and while they can be simple in principle, they are not best identified primarily by ease of installation or maintenance.
At which point in the entire canal system the duty of water will be more?
A)
Head of the Minor
B)
Head of the Distributary
C)
Head of the Water-course
D)
Head of the Branch
Duty of water increases as we move downstream in a canal system because the same canal supply serves a larger command area due to accumulated conveyance and distribution. Among the given points, the head of the minor is farther downstream than the branch, distributary, and water-course heads, so the duty is maximum there. The water-course head has the lowest duty because it is the last outlet before actual field application.
A rectangular plot of land is to be excavated 20 m long, 10 m wide and 3m deep. What is the volume of earth to be excavated?
A)
500 m3
B)
600 m3
C)
700 m3
D)
800 m3
Volume of a rectangular excavation = length × width × depth. So, 20 × 10 × 3 = 600 cubic metres. Therefore, the correct answer is 600 m3. The other options do not match the calculated volume.
Alumina in excess _________.
A)
reduces the strength of the cement
B)
increases the strength of the cement
C)
causes no change
D)
sometimes increase or decrease the strength of the cement
Alumina (Al2O3) in cement is useful in small amounts because it helps in quick setting and lowers the fusion temperature. However, if alumina is present in excess, it makes the cement more liable to shrink and reduces its overall strength and durability. Therefore, the correct answer is that excess alumina reduces the strength of the cement.
Concrete placed in cold weather will take __________ time to gain strength.
A)
no
B)
less
C)
more
D)
equal to hot weather
In cold weather, the hydration reaction of cement slows down because low temperature reduces the rate of chemical reaction. As a result, concrete gains strength more slowly and takes more time to develop the required strength. Therefore, the correct answer is 'more'. Options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect because concrete does not gain strength immediately, does not gain it faster, and does not gain it at the same rate as in hot weather.
In 1 cum of 1:1.5:3 cement concrete, the cement quantity is-
A)
350 kgs
B)
476 kgs
C)
500 kgs
D)
400kgs
For 1 cum of nominal concrete mix 1:1.5:3, the dry volume is taken as about 1.54 cum. Total proportion = 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5. Cement share = (1/5.5) × 1.54 = 0.28 cum approximately. Since 1 cum of cement weighs about 1440 kg, cement quantity = 0.28 × 1440 ≈ 403 kg, which is taken as about 400 kg. Hence option (d) is correct. The other values are not close to the standard estimate for this mix.
Which irrigation method is best suited for orchards and vineyards?
A)
Flood irrigation
B)
Sprinkler irrigation
C)
Drip irrigation
D)
Check flooding
Drip irrigation is best suited for orchards and vineyards because it supplies water directly to the root zone of each plant in small, controlled amounts. This minimizes evaporation and runoff, saves water, and is ideal for widely spaced perennial crops like fruit trees and grapevines. Flood irrigation and check flooding waste more water and are not suitable for such crops, while sprinkler irrigation is less efficient than drip for orchards and vineyards.
In irrigation channel design, the term “command area” refers to:
A)
Area under the control of irrigation department
B)
Area that can be irrigated by a canal system
C)
Area occupied by canal structures
D)
Area reserved for drainage
In irrigation engineering, the command area is the area commanded by a canal or irrigation project, i.e., the land that can be irrigated by that canal system under gravity or planned supply. Option (a) is incorrect because it refers to administrative control, not irrigation coverage. Option (c) is only the land occupied by physical canal works, which is not the meaning of command area. Option (d) refers to drainage land, which is unrelated.
What is the main difference between a dam and weir?
A)
Material used for Construction
B)
Height and Duration of Storage
C)
Capacity of Water
D)
Location of the Structure
A dam is generally a higher structure built to store water for a long period and create a reservoir. A weir is usually lower and is mainly used to raise the water level or divert flow, with little or no long-term storage. Hence, the main difference is the height of the structure and the duration of storage. The other options are not the key distinguishing features.
To make out an estimate for a work, the following data are necessary-Drawing, Specification and __________.
A)
Materials
B)
Rates
C)
Labours
D)
Transportation
To prepare an estimate for a work, the essential inputs are the drawing, the specification, and the rates of materials, labour, and other items. The drawing shows the dimensions, the specification gives the quality and method of work, and the rates are needed to calculate the cost. Therefore, the correct completion is 'Rates'. Options like materials, labours, or transportation are included in the estimate, but without rates the cost cannot be worked out.
The growing of two or more crops on the same piece of land within one calendar year is known as:
A)
Multiple cropping
B)
Inter-cropping
C)
Mono-cropping
D)
Sequential
Growing two or more crops on the same piece of land within one calendar year is called multiple cropping. It is a broad term that includes systems like inter-cropping and sequential cropping. Inter-cropping means growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, while mono-cropping means growing only one crop repeatedly. 'Sequential' alone is incomplete here; the correct technical term is multiple cropping.
Which term is used for the surface to which elevations are referred?
A)
Benchmark
B)
Level line
C)
Horizontal plane
D)
Datum
In surveying, a datum is the reference surface or level to which elevations are referred. It serves as the zero or base level for measuring heights. A benchmark is only a marked point of known elevation, a level line is a line connecting points of equal elevation, and a horizontal plane is a flat plane but not the specific reference surface for elevations.
Which type of irrigation method uses supply ditch, borders, ridges?
A)
Border Flooding
B)
Check Flooding
C)
Basin Flooding
D)
Drip Irrigation Method
In border flooding, the field is divided into long strips (borders) separated by ridges, and water is supplied through a supply ditch at the head of the borders. This matches the description given in the question. Check flooding uses small basins enclosed by bunds, basin flooding is for trees/orchards, and drip irrigation delivers water drop by drop through pipes, not by supply ditch and borders.
Which of the following is the first principle of surveying?
A)
Whole to whole
B)
Part to part
C)
Whole to part
D)
Part to whole
The first principle of surveying is to work from the whole to the part. This means the main control points are fixed first with high precision, and then the smaller details are filled in. This helps prevent the accumulation of errors. 'Part to part' is incorrect because it can magnify errors, and 'whole to whole' or 'part to whole' are not the standard surveying principles.
The total area that can be irrigated from a project on its full utilization in a design agricultural area is:
A)
Ultimate Irrigation Potential
B)
Gross Irrigated Area
C)
Irrigation Potential Utilized
D)
Irrigation Potential Created
The phrase "total area that can be irrigated from a project on its full utilization in a design agricultural area" refers to the maximum irrigation capability planned for the project, i.e., the **Ultimate Irrigation Potential**.
- **Ultimate Irrigation Potential** = the total area that the project can irrigate when fully developed/utilized.
- **Gross Irrigated Area** = total area actually irrigated in a season, including repeated irrigation of the same land, so it is not the design potential.
- **Irrigation Potential Utilized** = the portion of created potential that has actually been put to use.
- **Irrigation Potential Created** = the area for which irrigation facilities have been constructed, but it is not specifically the phrase used for total area on full utilization of the design agricultural area.
Hence, the correct answer is **(a) Ultimate Irrigation Potential**.
Which factors govern the shape of a hydrograph?
A)
Climatic factors
B)
River characteristics
C)
Climatic and physiographic factors
D)
Physiographic factors
A hydrograph shows runoff response of a catchment to rainfall. Its shape depends on both climatic factors, such as rainfall intensity, duration, and distribution, and physiographic factors, such as basin size, shape, slope, soil type, land use, and drainage characteristics. Hence, the correct answer is climatic and physiographic factors. The other options are incomplete because each alone explains only part of the hydrograph shape.
Which of the following is the last step in chain surveying?
A)
Fixing
B)
Reconnaissance
C)
Running survey lines
D)
Marking
In chain surveying, the usual sequence is: reconnaissance, marking stations, running survey lines, and then fixing the stations/pegs on the ground. Hence, the last step is fixing.
- Reconnaissance is the first step.
- Marking and running survey lines come next.
- Fixing is done at the end to establish the survey points permanently.
In which type of irrigation method, the entire land is not wetted?
A)
Contour Farming
B)
Free Flooding
C)
Furrow Method
D)
Basin Flooding
In the furrow method, water is applied only in the channels (furrows) between crop rows, so the whole land surface is not wetted. In free flooding and basin flooding, a much larger area is covered with water, and contour farming is not an irrigation method of this kind.
Which tool is commonly used for soldering small electronic components?
A)
Gas Torch
B)
Blow Lamp
C)
Electric Soldering Iron
D)
Welding Gun
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Soldering small electronic components requires precise heat control and a localized heat source to avoid damaging sensitive semiconductor devices or melting plastic circuit boards. 2. An Electric Soldering Iron is specifically designed for this purpose; it uses a heating element to maintain a constant temperature at the tip, allowing the user to melt solder precisely on a small joint. 3. Analysis of other options: (a) Gas Torches and (b) Blow Lamps produce excessive, uncontrolled heat (open flames) that would instantly destroy electronic components and burn the PCB. (d) A Welding Gun is used for joining heavy metals through fusion (melting the base metal), which is an entirely different process from soldering (which uses a filler metal with a lower melting point) and is far too powerful for electronics. Therefore, the Electric Soldering Iron is the only appropriate tool.
What is the function of an oil pump?
A)
To store the engine oil
B)
To filter the engine oil
C)
To circulate the oil under pressure
D)
To cool the engine oil
The primary function of an oil pump in an internal combustion engine is to draw oil from the sump (oil pan) and force it under pressure to the various moving parts of the engine, such as the crankshaft, camshaft, and piston pins. This ensures a continuous hydrodynamic film of oil between sliding surfaces to reduce friction and wear.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) is incorrect because the oil is stored in the oil sump or oil pan, not the pump.
- Option (b) is incorrect because the filtration of oil is performed by the oil filter.
- Option (d) is incorrect because while circulating oil helps carry heat away from components, the actual cooling of the oil is handled by the oil cooler (heat exchanger) or through convection in the sump.
Which of the following is not a component of a typical Liquid cooling System?
A)
Radiator
B)
Thermostat
C)
Water Pump
D)
Air filter
A liquid cooling system is designed to regulate the engine's temperature by circulating a coolant (water or ethylene glycol) to absorb heat.
1. Radiator (Option a): This is a critical component that acts as a heat exchanger, transferring heat from the coolant to the ambient air.
2. Thermostat (Option b): This is a valve that regulates the flow of coolant based on temperature, ensuring the engine reaches its optimal operating temperature quickly and stays there.
3. Water Pump (Option c): This is the mechanical pump that forces the coolant to circulate through the engine block and the radiator.
4. Air filter (Option d): An air filter is part of the engine's intake system, not the cooling system. Its purpose is to remove contaminants from the air before it enters the combustion chamber. Therefore, it is not a component of the liquid cooling system.
Which of the following is not included in daily maintenance of vehicle?
A)
Check coolant
B)
Check cleanliness of mirror
C)
Check Tyre Pressure
D)
Check Gear oil
Daily vehicle maintenance (often called a 'pre-trip inspection') focuses on safety-critical items and fluids that fluctuate or deplete quickly.
1. **Check coolant (Option a):** Essential for daily checks to prevent engine overheating, especially in varying weather conditions.
2. **Check cleanliness of mirror (Option b):** A critical safety requirement for visibility and road safety, performed every time a vehicle is started.
3. **Check Tyre Pressure (Option c):** While some modern vehicles have TPMS, a visual or gauge check of tyre pressure is a standard daily/regular safety practice to ensure traction and fuel efficiency.
4. **Check Gear oil (Option d):** Gear oil is a long-term lubricant. Unlike engine oil or coolant, gear oil levels do not fluctuate daily and are typically checked during scheduled periodic maintenance (e.g., every 10,000 to 50,000 km) or when a leak is suspected. It is not part of a standard daily checklist.
What is vehicle log book used for?
A)
To record radio stations
B)
To store spare keys
C)
To keep track of vehicle usage, milage and maintenance
D)
To check driving license
A vehicle log book is an official record used primarily in government departments (like the PWD) and commercial organizations to ensure accountability and proper upkeep of assets.
1. **Vehicle Usage:** It records the date, time, destination, and purpose of every trip to prevent unauthorized use of the vehicle.
2. **Mileage:** It tracks the odometer readings (starting and ending) for each journey to calculate total distance traveled and fuel efficiency.
3. **Maintenance:** It serves as a history log for services, repairs, oil changes, and tire replacements, ensuring the vehicle remains roadworthy and safe.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option (a) is irrelevant as radio stations are not tracked in a vehicle log book.
- Option (b) is incorrect because spare keys are stored in a secure locker or with a fleet manager, not recorded in a log book.
- Option (d) is incorrect because driving licenses are verified by authorities or during hiring; the log book records the driver's name, but its primary purpose is not to 'check' the license.
The main engine cooling systems are-
A)
Four types
B)
Three types
C)
Five types
D)
Two Types
In internal combustion engines, cooling systems are fundamentally classified into two main types based on the medium used to dissipate heat from the engine block: 1. Air Cooling System: This system relies on the flow of air over the engine surfaces (often aided by fins to increase surface area) to remove heat. It is commonly used in small engines, motorcycles, and some aircraft engines. 2. Liquid Cooling System: This system uses a coolant (typically a mixture of water and antifreeze) that circulates through channels (water jackets) around the cylinders and is then cooled by a radiator. This is the standard system for most modern automobiles and heavy-duty engines. Since all other cooling methods (such as forced air or pressurized liquid) are variations of these two primary categories, the correct answer is 'Two Types'.