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Past Questions — 2026
The approximate cost of a building of cubic content of 400 cu m@ Rs.180/- per cu m is __________.
A)
Rs. 92000/-
B)
Rs. 12000/-
C)
Rs. 72000/-
D)
Rs. 42000/-
Approximate cost = cubic content × rate per cubic metre = 400 × 180 = 72,000. Hence the correct answer is Rs. 72,000/-. The other options do not match this multiplication.
Remote sensing uses which of the following waves in its procedure?
A)
Electro-magnetic waves
B)
Electric field
C)
Sonar waves
D)
Gamma- rays
Remote sensing works by detecting and measuring reflected or emitted electromagnetic radiation from objects or the Earth's surface. It does not use electric field alone, sonar waves (which are sound waves used underwater), or gamma rays as its general procedure. Therefore, the correct answer is Electro-magnetic waves.
What is the main advantage of drip irrigation?
A)
Low initial cost
B)
Suitable for all soil type
C)
Easy to install and maintain
D)
High water application efficiency
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone in small, controlled amounts, which minimizes evaporation, runoff, and deep percolation losses. Hence, its main advantage is high water application efficiency. The other options are not the main advantage: drip systems usually have higher initial cost, are not equally suitable for all soil types, and while they can be simple in principle, they are not best identified primarily by ease of installation or maintenance.
Which irrigation method is best suited for orchards and vineyards?
A)
Flood irrigation
B)
Sprinkler irrigation
C)
Drip irrigation
D)
Check flooding
Drip irrigation is best suited for orchards and vineyards because it supplies water directly to the root zone of each plant in small, controlled amounts. This minimizes evaporation and runoff, saves water, and is ideal for widely spaced perennial crops like fruit trees and grapevines. Flood irrigation and check flooding waste more water and are not suitable for such crops, while sprinkler irrigation is less efficient than drip for orchards and vineyards.
In which type of irrigation method, the entire land is not wetted?
A)
Contour Farming
B)
Free Flooding
C)
Furrow Method
D)
Basin Flooding
In the furrow method, water is applied only in the channels (furrows) between crop rows, so the whole land surface is not wetted. In free flooding and basin flooding, a much larger area is covered with water, and contour farming is not an irrigation method of this kind.
What is the permissible velocity of water in cement concrete line canal as per IS10430-2000?
A)
2.7 m/s
B)
1.6 m/s
C)
2.6 m/s
D)
1.8 m/s
As per IS 10430:2000, the permissible velocity of water in a cement concrete lined canal is 2.7 m/s. This standard value is used for design of lined canals to avoid damage due to erosion or abrasion. The other options are lower or not the specified permissible velocity for cement concrete lining.
How can we improve the duty of water?
A)
Construction of Weir
B)
Construction of Dam
C)
Check Dams
D)
Lining of Canals
Duty of water means the area irrigated by a unit quantity of water, so it improves when conveyance losses are reduced. Lining of canals minimizes seepage and percolation losses, allowing more water to reach the fields and thus increasing duty. A weir, dam, or check dams mainly help in storage, diversion, or local recharge, but they do not directly improve duty as effectively as canal lining.
What is the recommended size of a brick?
A)
20x10x10cm
B)
20x9x9cm
C)
19x9x9cm
D)
19x8x8cm
The recommended standard size of a brick in India is 19 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm (actual size). With mortar, the nominal size becomes 20 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm. Hence option (c) is correct. Option (a) is the nominal size, not the actual brick size, and the other options do not match the standard dimensions.
In an analysis of rates, contractors’ profit is calculated at
A)
20%
B)
15%
C)
5%
D)
10%
In standard rate analysis for civil works, contractors’ profit is usually taken as 10% of the total cost. This is the conventional value used in estimation and costing. 20% is too high for normal analysis, 15% is not the standard textbook value here, and 5% is too low.
What is the most accurate method of estimation from the following :
A)
Building cost index estimate
B)
Detailed estimate
C)
Plinth area estimate
D)
Cube rate estimate
A detailed estimate is the most accurate method because it is prepared item-wise from detailed drawings, specifications, and exact quantities of all materials and works. It gives the closest approximation to the actual cost. In contrast, building cost index estimate, plinth area estimate, and cube rate estimate are all approximate methods used only for preliminary planning and are less accurate.
Which has the highest Coefficient of steel for estimation, Beam, Column, slab or footing?
A)
Slab
B)
Column
C)
Beam
D)
Footing
In estimation, the coefficient of steel is generally highest in columns because they are heavily reinforced to carry axial loads and moments. Slabs usually require the least steel, beams need more than slabs, and footings are generally less than or comparable to beams depending on design, but columns typically have the maximum steel consumption among these members.
What is the unit of discharge in hydrology?
A)
Liters per minute (L/min)
B)
Gallons per hour (gal/hr)
C)
Cubic feet per minute (ft3/min)
D)
Cubic meters per second (m3/s)
In hydrology, discharge means the volume of water flowing past a point per unit time. The standard SI unit used in hydrology and water resources engineering is cubic meters per second (m3/s). The other options are non-standard or less commonly used units for discharge.
Which zone is the most important from an irrigation point of view?
A)
Soil Zone
B)
Intermediate Zone
C)
Capillary Zone
D)
Saturation Zone
In irrigation engineering, the capillary zone is the most important because it lies just above the water table and supplies moisture to plant roots through capillary action. This zone helps maintain soil moisture available for crops. The soil zone is mainly the root zone, while the intermediate zone is less directly important. The saturation zone is fully filled with water and is not the primary zone considered for crop water use.
If r is the radius of the sphere, then the surface area of the sphere is given by;
A)
4π r2
B)
2πr2
C)
πr2
D)
4/3πr2
The surface area of a sphere with radius r is given by the formula 4πr². The other options are incorrect: 2πr² is not the full surface area of a sphere, πr² is the area of a circle, and 4/3πr² is incorrect because 4/3πr³ is the volume of a sphere.
The hydrological cycle
A)
Has beginning but does not end
B)
Has both beginning and end
C)
Occurs continuously in nature
D)
Has three phases- precipitation, evaporation and runoff
The hydrological cycle is a continuous natural process in which water circulates between the atmosphere, land, and oceans through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. It does not have a fixed beginning or end. So option (c) is correct. Option (a) is incomplete and misleading, option (b) is incorrect, and option (d) is wrong because the cycle has more than three phases.
In surveying, levelling deals with measurements in a ______.
A)
Horizontal plane
B)
Inclined plane
C)
Vertical plane
D)
Both vertical and horizontal plane
Levelling in surveying is concerned with determining the relative elevations or differences in height of points. These measurements are taken with reference to a vertical datum, so levelling deals with measurements in a vertical plane. Horizontal measurements, on the other hand, are part of chaining/taping and plan surveying. Hence, the correct option is (c) Vertical plane.
Gravity dam is most suitable when the foundation is _______________.
A)
Weak
B)
strong
C)
with heavy burden
D)
rocky but cracked
A gravity dam is very heavy and resists water pressure mainly by its own weight. Therefore, it requires a strong and sound foundation to safely transmit the load to the ground. A weak, cracked, or burdened foundation may fail under the enormous load. Hence, the correct answer is strong.
Calculate the hydraulic radius for a channel having a cross-sectional area of 20 m2 and a wetted perimeter of 50 m.
A)
0.4 m
B)
0.8 m
C)
2.5 m
D)
0.6 m
Hydraulic radius (R) is defined as:
R = A / P
where A = cross-sectional area and P = wetted perimeter.
Given:
A = 20 m²
P = 50 m
So,
R = 20 / 50 = 0.4 m
Hence, the correct option is (a) 0.4 m. The other options do not match the formula result.
The cost of formwork estimated for the concrete structure is-
A)
½ to 1 / 3 of total cost of concrete structure
B)
1 / 3 to ¼ of total cost of concrete structure.
C)
¼ to 1/ 5 of total cost of concrete structure.
D)
1 / 5 to 1 / 6 of total cost of concrete structure
In estimation and costing, formwork (centering/shuttering) for concrete works is usually taken as about 20% to 25% of the total cost of a concrete structure. This corresponds to 1/4 to 1/5 of the total cost. The other options give much higher or lower proportions than the standard estimating thumb rule.
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