Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
A Contractor has to deposit some percentage of the Estimated Cost while participating in the Tendering process in order to show his eagerness and commitment in the Contract process. Such an amount is known as
A)
Security Deposit
B)
Earnest Money
C)
Advance Payment
D)
Performance Guarantee
The amount deposited by a contractor at the time of tendering to show seriousness and commitment is called **Earnest Money** or **Earnest Money Deposit (EMD)**. It is usually a small percentage of the estimated cost and is submitted along with the tender.
- **Security Deposit** is collected after acceptance/award of the work as a safeguard for proper execution.
- **Advance Payment** is money paid in advance for work/materials, not for showing tender seriousness.
- **Performance Guarantee** is furnished after award of contract to ensure contract performance.
Therefore, the correct answer is **Earnest Money**.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
This layer is also known as ‘Drainage Layer’ in modern flexible pavement construction. Identify the layer.
A)
Sub-grade
B)
Granular Sub-base
C)
Wet Mix Macadam
D)
Mix Seal Surfacing
In modern flexible pavement construction, the layer referred to as the 'Drainage Layer' is the Granular Sub-base (GSB). It is provided below the base course to facilitate drainage and prevent water accumulation in the pavement structure. Sub-grade is the prepared soil foundation, Wet Mix Macadam is a base course material, and Mix Seal Surfacing is a surface treatment, so they are not called the drainage layer.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test is conducted on this layer to determine pavement thickness in modern flexible pavement construction. Identify the layer.
A)
Sub-grade
B)
Granular Sub-base
C)
Water Bound Macadam
D)
Wet Mix Macadam
The CBR test is primarily conducted on the sub-grade soil to assess its strength and bearing capacity. In flexible pavement design, the pavement thickness is determined based on the CBR value of the sub-grade. The stronger the sub-grade, the thinner the pavement can be. Granular sub-base, WBM, and WMM are pavement layers, but the CBR test in this context is used for the sub-grade.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Arrange the provided pictures in the right order so that they make the most sensible story.
A)
1 4 3 2
B)
4 1 2 3
C)
4 3 2 1
D)
1 2 3 4
The most sensible sequence is 4 → 1 → 2 → 3, because picture 4 introduces the situation, picture 1 shows the next immediate development, picture 2 continues the action logically, and picture 3 gives the final outcome. Hence option b is correct. Option a (1 → 4 → 3 → 2) and option d (1 → 2 → 3 → 4) place the scenes in an unnatural progression, while option c (4 → 3 → 2 → 1) reverses the story flow and does not follow the logical sequence of events.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
In which of the general processes does ‘Screening process’ included in Sewage Treatment Methods?
A)
preliminary
B)
secondary
C)
settlement
D)
biological
Screening is a **preliminary treatment** process in sewage treatment. It is used at the very beginning to remove large floating and suspended objects such as rags, sticks, plastics, and debris before the sewage enters further treatment units. It is not part of secondary, settlement, or biological treatment, which come later in the treatment sequence.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The committing, or threatening to commit, any act forbidden by the IPC or the unlawful detaining, or threatening to detain, any property, to the prejudice of any person whatever, with the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement is
A)
misrepresentation
B)
coercion
C)
undue influence
D)
fraud
Under Section 15 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, coercion means committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code, or unlawfully detaining or threatening to detain property, with the intention of causing a person to enter into an agreement. This exactly matches the statement in the question. Misrepresentation is a false statement made innocently, undue influence involves domination of will, and fraud involves intentional deception.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
For large flows in Surface drains, the best section, hydraulically, is provided by
A)
rectangular section
B)
circular section
C)
V-shaped section
D)
trapezoidal section
For large flows in surface drains, a trapezoidal section is hydraulically the best choice because it provides a large flow area with relatively less wetted perimeter, which means higher efficiency and lower resistance to flow. Rectangular sections are less economical for open-channel flow, circular sections are mainly used for closed conduits, and V-shaped sections are suitable only for small flows.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Plastering shall be measured in
A)
m
B)
sqm
C)
cum
D)
10 cum
Plastering is a surface finishing item, so it is measured by area, not length or volume. Therefore, the correct unit is square metre (sqm). Option (a) m is for length, and options (c) cum and (d) 10 cum are for volume, which are not used for plastering measurement.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
A Contour may be defined as a line on a map joining different points with the same
A)
pressure
B)
rainfall
C)
elevation
D)
temperature
A contour line joins points having the same elevation (or height above a chosen datum, usually mean sea level). Therefore, the correct answer is elevation. Pressure, rainfall, and temperature are related to other types of lines or maps, not contour lines.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test is conducted on this layer in flexible pavement construction. Identify the layer.
A)
Sub-grade
B)
Granular Sub-base
C)
Wet Mix Macadam
D)
Sand Seal Coat
The Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA) test is used to assess the toughness and abrasion resistance of coarse aggregates. In flexible pavement construction, this test is relevant for layers made with aggregates, especially the granular sub-base layer. Sub-grade is soil and is not tested by LAA. Wet Mix Macadam uses aggregates too, but the standard layer specifically associated with LAA in pavement material testing is Granular Sub-base. Sand seal coat uses fine material and bitumen, so LAA is not the key test for it.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
What type of Weld is also known as Groove Weld?
A)
Fillet Weld
B)
Spot Weld
C)
Pipe Weld
D)
Butt Weld
A groove weld is a weld made in a groove between two members. The common form of groove weld is the butt weld, where two plates or members are joined edge-to-edge. Fillet weld is used in lap, tee, and corner joints, while spot weld is a resistance weld used mainly for thin sheets. Hence, groove weld is also known as butt weld.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Sinking fund is an amount
A)
set aside annually
B)
rent collected annually
C)
annual depreciation
D)
annual increase in value
A sinking fund is a fixed amount set aside every year to accumulate money for replacing an asset or repaying a loan at the end of a specified period. Hence, it is an amount set aside annually. It is not rent, not depreciation itself, and not an increase in value.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Pressed steel water tanks are fabricated together by joining together pressed steel plates by means of
A)
rivets
B)
pins
C)
welds
D)
bolts
Pressed steel water tanks are made of prefabricated pressed steel plates that are assembled on site by bolting them together with joints and rubber/bituminous sealing. They are not joined by rivets, pins, or welds because bolted connections allow easier fabrication, transport, erection, and maintenance. Hence, the correct answer is bolts.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
An impurity which is an optical property of water sample measured by the degree of absorption of light rays is
A)
Acidity
B)
Alkalinity
C)
Turbidity
D)
Hardness
Turbidity is the impurity related to the optical property of water. It is measured by the extent to which suspended particles in water scatter or absorb light. Acidity and alkalinity are chemical properties, while hardness refers to the concentration of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Estimation is computations of the X required and cost likely to be incurred in the construction work. Find the appropriate word for X.
A)
materials
B)
quantities
C)
equipments
D)
labourers
In civil engineering, estimation means the computation of the quantities required for a work and the probable cost of construction. So the missing word is 'quantities'. The other options are only components involved in a project, but they do not complete the standard definition of estimation.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
As per IRC Specifications, the minimum Carriageway width for double-lane National Highways in hilly areas is
A)
6.00 m
B)
6.50 m
C)
7.00 m
D)
7.50 m
As per IRC hill road/highway standards, the minimum carriageway width for a double-lane National Highway in hilly areas is 6.5 m. This is slightly less than the usual 7.0 m adopted for plain terrain because of topographic constraints in hill regions. Hence, option (b) is correct.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Brickwork, more than one brick thick, shall be measured in
A)
m
B)
sqm
C)
cum
D)
10 cum
In estimation and costing, brickwork more than one brick thick is measured in cubic metres (cum) because its thickness is significant and volume is the correct basis for measurement. Brickwork of one brick thickness or less is generally measured in square metres (sqm). Therefore, the correct answer is cum.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Road Rollers of various types are extensively used in modern highway construction projects. They are used for
A)
Consolidation
B)
Compression
C)
Contraction
D)
Compaction
Road rollers are used to compact soil, granular layers, and bituminous mixes in highway construction. Compaction reduces air voids and increases density and stability of the pavement layers. The other options are not correct because consolidation is a time-dependent soil settlement process, compression is a general term for squeezing, and contraction means shrinking.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The Efficiency of a riveted joint is defined as the ratio, expressed in percentage, of the least strength of a riveted joint to
A)
bearing strength of rivet
B)
strength of solid plate
C)
rivet value
D)
tearing strength of plate
The efficiency of a riveted joint is defined as:
Efficiency = (least strength of the riveted joint / strength of the uncut or solid plate) × 100
The least strength of the joint may be due to tearing of plate, shearing of rivet, or bearing failure, whichever is minimum. It is compared with the strength of the original solid plate because that represents the maximum strength available before making holes for rivets.
So, the correct answer is strength of solid plate. The other options are only individual failure strengths, not the reference basis for efficiency.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Normally 3% of the Estimated Cost has to be provided to meet unforeseen expenditures while preparing Estimates. Such provisions are known as
A)
Deviations
B)
Extra and substituted items
C)
Expenditure Sanction
D)
Contingencies
In estimate preparation, a provision of about 3% of the estimated cost is kept to cover unforeseen expenses. This provision is called a contingency allowance or contingencies.
Why others are incorrect:
- Deviations: refers to changes from the sanctioned work/estimate, not the reserved provision.
- Extra and substituted items: items added or replaced during execution, not the general allowance for unforeseen expenditure.
- Expenditure Sanction: is the formal approval to incur expenditure, not the reserve amount itself.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The value realized by sell of a structure or machinery which has outlived its span of life is
A)
Assessed Value
B)
Scrap Value
C)
Depreciated Value
D)
Distress Value
The value realized by selling a structure or machinery after it has outlived its useful life is called its scrap value. It refers to the amount obtainable from dismantling or disposing of the asset. Assessed value is the valuation made for tax or other assessment purposes, depreciated value is the book value after accounting for depreciation, and distress value is the forced-sale value when sold urgently.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Public Works Department, normally, publish a booklet listing all the likely items of work with per unit cost of such items to be extensively used for preparation of Estimates. Such a booklet is known as
A)
Schedule of Works
B)
Analysis of Rates
C)
Schedule of Rates
D)
Cost Index
The booklet published by the Public Works Department that lists likely items of work along with their per-unit costs for use in preparing estimates is called the Schedule of Rates (SOR). It is the standard reference for unit rates of materials, labour, and common items of work.
Why the others are wrong:
- (a) Schedule of Works: This is not the standard term for a rate booklet.
- (b) Analysis of Rates: This is the method of working out the cost of an item, not the booklet itself.
- (d) Cost Index: This is used to measure changes in cost level, not to list item-wise rates.
So the correct answer is Schedule of Rates.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Removal of very fine and light colloidal impurities like gels and emulsions from water is achieved by means of
A)
Filtration
B)
Chlorination
C)
Coagulation
D)
Aeration
Very fine and light colloidal impurities such as gels and emulsions do not settle or get removed easily by simple filtration. Coagulation is used to destabilize these colloids and aggregate them into larger flocs, which can then be removed by sedimentation and filtration. Chlorination is mainly for disinfection, aeration is for removing gases and improving taste/odor, and filtration alone cannot effectively remove colloids of this type.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive rivets measured parallel to the direction of force is known as
A)
gauge
B)
pitch
C)
line
D)
lap
In riveted joints, the centre-to-centre distance between two consecutive rivets measured parallel to the direction of force is called the pitch.
- Gauge is the transverse distance between rows of rivets.
- Line is not the standard term for this spacing.
- Lap refers to the overlap in a lap joint, not the spacing between rivets.
Therefore, the correct answer is pitch.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
A contract is said to be induced by X where the relations subsisting between the parties are such that one of the parties is in aposition to obtain an unfair advantage over the other. Find the appropriate replacement for X.
A)
misrepresentation
B)
coercion
C)
undue influence
D)
fraud
Under Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, a contract is said to be induced by "undue influence" when the relations between the parties are such that one party is in a position to dominate the will of the other and obtain an unfair advantage. This exactly matches the statement in the question. Misrepresentation, coercion, and fraud involve different wrongful elements, not merely the ability to obtain an unfair advantage due to relationship.
