← Junior Engineer
Past Questions — 2016
Which of the following statement is true?
A)
Worm gearing is widely used to transmit power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are usually, but not necessarily, at right angles
B)
Spur gearing is widely used to transmit power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are usually, but not necessarily, at right angles.
C)
Vee belt is widely used to transmit electrical power.
D)
None of these
Option (a) is correct: worm gears are used for high velocity ratio transmission between non-intersecting shafts, usually at right angles. Option (b) is incorrect because spur gears are used between parallel shafts, not non-intersecting shafts. Option (c) is incorrect because V-belts transmit mechanical power, not electrical power. Therefore, (a) is the true statement.
The device for smoothing out the power impulses from the engine is called
A)
Clutch
B)
Differential
C)
Flywheel
D)
Torque converter
A flywheel stores excess energy during the power stroke and releases it during the non-power strokes, thereby smoothing out fluctuations in engine power output. A clutch is for engaging/disengaging power transmission, a differential allows wheels to rotate at different speeds, and a torque converter transmits and multiplies torque in automatic transmissions.
Which transmission unit disengages the drive and provides a smooth take up the drive?
A)
Final drive
B)
Differential
C)
Clutch
D)
Gearbox
A clutch is the transmission unit used to engage and disengage the engine from the gearbox. It allows the driver to disconnect the drive momentarily and then take up the drive smoothly without shock. Final drive transmits power to the wheels, the differential allows different wheel speeds during turning, and the gearbox changes speed/torque ratios.
The ratio between the ultimate tensile stress and the working stress is called
A)
Poisson’s ratio
B)
Factor of safety
C)
Strength of material
D)
None of these
Factor of safety is defined as the ratio of ultimate stress (or yield stress, depending on design basis) to the allowable/working stress. Here, the ratio between ultimate tensile stress and working stress is therefore the factor of safety. Poisson’s ratio is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain, and the other options are not correct.
Power may be transmitted between parallel shafts by means of
A)
Worm gears
B)
Clutches
C)
Roller chains
D)
None of these
Power transmission between parallel shafts is commonly done by roller chains. Worm gears are used for non-parallel, typically right-angle shafts, and clutches are for engaging/disengaging power transmission, not for transmitting power between shafts as such. Hence, the correct answer is roller chains.
In forging operation of high speed steel, the operation should be carried out at
A)
900 to 1100°C
B)
1100 to 1300°C
C)
1300 to 1500°C
D)
None of these
High speed steel is forged at a comparatively lower temperature range than plain carbon steels because it loses hardness rapidly and may crack or overheat if heated too much. The usual forging temperature range for HSS is about 900 to 1100°C. Hence, option (a) is correct. Options (b) and (c) are too high for safe forging of HSS, and (d) is incorrect.
The maximum permissible variation in the size of the part is
A)
Basic dimensions
B)
Tolerance
C)
Clearance
D)
None of these
The maximum permissible variation in the size of a part from its basic size is called **tolerance**.
- **Basic dimension** is the intended or nominal size.
- **Clearance** is the intentional gap between two mating parts.
- Therefore, the correct term for allowable variation in size is **tolerance**.
A process of joining similar metal by rivet is called
A)
Welding
B)
Balancing
C)
Rivetting
D)
None of these
Joining similar metal plates or parts by using rivets is called rivetting. Welding joins metals by fusion, while balancing is unrelated to joining. Therefore, the correct option is (c) Rivetting.
Which of the following is not part of important steps for project planning?
A)
Market survey
B)
Project capability
C)
Selection of site
D)
None of these
Important steps in project planning generally include market survey, assessing project capability, and selection of site. Since all three options (a), (b), and (c) are part of project planning, none of them is "not part" of it. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) None of these.
Heat treatment of steel does not include which of the following processes?
A)
Spheroidising
B)
Normalising
C)
Supercharging
D)
Tempering
Heat treatment of steel includes processes such as spheroidising, normalising, annealing, hardening, and tempering. These are used to change the microstructure and improve properties like hardness, toughness, and machinability. "Supercharging" is not a heat treatment process; it is a term generally associated with increasing the intake air pressure in engines.
In forging operation of cutting tools of carbon steel, the operation should be carried out at
A)
850 to 950°C
B)
950 to 1050°C
C)
1050 to 1150°C
D)
None of these
Cutting tools made of carbon steel are forged in the lower hot-working range to avoid overheating, grain growth, and loss of hardness. The recommended forging temperature is about 850 to 950°C. Above this range, the steel may become coarse-grained and the tool properties deteriorate. Hence option (a) is correct.
Which of the following is not part of major factors of production?
A)
Land
B)
Labour & Capital
C)
Machinery
D)
None of these
The major factors of production are traditionally land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship/organisation. Among the given options, land and labour & capital are factors of production. Machinery is not usually listed as a separate major factor; it is a type of capital. Therefore, the correct answer is Machinery.
Cutting work of iron and steel with the aid of oxygen which is extensively used nowadays in industry is
A)
Oxygen cutting
B)
Arc cutting
C)
Electric cutting
D)
None of these
Cutting iron and steel by using oxygen is called oxygen cutting, also known as oxy-fuel cutting. It is widely used in industry for cutting ferrous metals. Arc cutting uses electric arc, electric cutting is not the standard term here, and 'none of these' is incorrect because the process is specifically oxygen cutting.
Metal fits be specified to ensure the proper assembly of mating machine members
A)
Statement is true
B)
Statement is false
Fits are specified in metrology to control the relationship between mating parts, such as a shaft and a hole, so that they assemble properly and function as intended. They ensure the required clearance, transition, or interference during assembly. Hence, the statement is true. Option (b) is incorrect because fits are indeed used for proper assembly of mating machine members.
Which of the following is not a precision grinder?
A)
Abrasive belt grinder
B)
Surface grinder
C)
Cylinder grinder
D)
Internal grinder
Precision grinders are machine tools used for accurate finishing and close tolerances. Surface grinders, cylinder (cylindrical) grinders, and internal grinders are all standard precision grinding machines. An abrasive belt grinder is generally used for rough grinding, finishing, and deburring, but it is not classified as a precision grinder.
The process which keeps the actual standard as nearby as possible to the predetermined standards by strict supervision is known as
A)
Budgetary control
B)
Physical control
C)
Production control
D)
None of these
The phrase describes the process of keeping actual performance close to predetermined standards through strict supervision and corrective action. This is the definition of **production control** in manufacturing/operations management.
- **Budgetary control** deals with financial planning and control of budgets.
- **Physical control** refers to control over physical materials/inventory, not the overall process of matching actual output to standards.
- **Production control** specifically ensures production is carried out according to planned standards, schedules, and quality requirements.
Hence, the correct answer is **(c) Production control**.
Which of the following is not a type of Boring machine?
A)
Slotting machine
B)
Jigboring machine
C)
Horizontal boring machine
D)
Vertical boring machine
A boring machine is used to enlarge or finish existing holes. Common types include horizontal boring machine, vertical boring machine, and jig boring machine. A slotting machine, however, is used for cutting slots, keyways, and internal shapes by a vertical reciprocating tool, so it is not a type of boring machine.
In a centrifugal pump installation, while starting the position of delivery valve is
A)
Fully closed
B)
Fully open
C)
Half open
D)
More than half open
In a centrifugal pump, the delivery valve is kept fully closed while starting. This reduces the load on the motor at start-up because the pump initially develops head but has not yet built up sufficient discharge. After the pump attains normal speed, the delivery valve is opened gradually. If it were open at starting, the motor could be overloaded.
Which part is not common between the SI engine and CI engines?
A)
Fuel Injector
B)
Air Cleaner
C)
Battery
D)
Exhaust Silencer
In an SI (spark ignition) engine, fuel is generally supplied by a carburettor or fuel injection system, while in a CI (compression ignition) engine a fuel injector is essential to inject fuel directly into the cylinder at high pressure. Air cleaner and exhaust silencer are common parts in both engines, and battery is also commonly used in starting/ignition systems. Therefore, the part not common between SI and CI engines is the fuel injector.
Mark the one alternative that is nearest in meaning to the word - Nullity
A)
Impress
B)
No effect
C)
Seclude
D)
Astound
The word 'nullity' means something that is void, invalid, or without legal force; in general usage it can mean something of no value or no effect. Among the options, 'No effect' is the nearest in meaning. The other options—'Impress', 'Seclude', and 'Astound'—are unrelated to the meaning of nullity.
A type of pump, where a nozzle is placed at the throat of a venturi tube and it discharges either compressed air or steam or water at high velocity. The jet causes suction and water is drawn from suction pipe. The high velocity of mixture is converted into pressure head and the water is raised in the discharge pipe, is known as
A)
Hydraulic ram
B)
Jet Pump
C)
Rotary Pump
D)
None of these
The description matches a **jet pump** (also called an ejector or injector in some contexts). In this pump, a nozzle at the throat of a Venturi tube ejects a high-velocity jet of compressed air, steam, or water. This creates suction that draws water from the suction pipe, and the momentum of the jet-mixed fluid is then converted into pressure head in the discharge pipe.
- **Hydraulic ram** uses the water hammer effect to lift water, so it does not fit.
- **Rotary pump** is a different positive displacement pump type and does not work by jet-induced suction.
- Therefore, the correct answer is **Jet Pump**.
A four-cylinder engine has a capacity of 2.4 litres. The swept volume of one cylinder is
A)
2400 cm³
B)
600 cm³
C)
1200 cm³
D)
400 cm³
The total engine capacity is 2.4 litres = 2400 cm³. For a four-cylinder engine, swept volume per cylinder = 2400 ÷ 4 = 600 cm³. Hence, option (b) is correct. The other options are incorrect because they do not equal one-fourth of the total capacity.
Refrigerant usually used in refrigeration in aeroplane
A)
CO₂
B)
Air
C)
Freon
D)
None of these
In aircraft refrigeration systems, air is usually used as the refrigerant because it is readily available, light in weight, and safe for use in aeroplanes. This is the basis of the air-cycle refrigeration system commonly employed in aircraft. CO₂ and Freon are not the usual refrigerants for aeroplane refrigeration in standard exam context.
A process, which can be reversed bringing both the state of the system and the surroundings to the initial condition without any other inputs is
A)
Irreversible process
B)
Reversible process
C)
Constant process
D)
None of these
A reversible process is one that can be reversed so that both the system and the surroundings return exactly to their initial states without any net change. This matches the definition given in the question. An irreversible process cannot be exactly reversed. 'Constant process' is not a standard thermodynamic classification here.
The firing order in case of four cylinder in-line engine is usually
A)
1-2-4-3
B)
1-3-4-2
C)
1-4-3-2
D)
Either (b) or (c)
In a four-cylinder in-line engine, the usual firing orders are 1-3-4-2 or 1-4-3-2, depending on the engine design and crank arrangement. Both are commonly used to obtain better balance and smooth running. Therefore, the correct choice is 'Either (b) or (c)'. Options (a) 1-2-4-3 is not the usual firing order for a four-cylinder in-line engine.