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Past Questions — 2026
Which component is not listed under First Schedule to the RFCTLARR Act, 2013 as part of the minimum compensation package to be paid to the landowner?
A)
Market value of the land.
B)
Educational allowance for the landowner’s children.
C)
Value of assets attached to the land.
D)
Factor by which the market value is multiplied.
The First Schedule of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, outlines the formula for determining the minimum compensation to be paid to landowners. The components included in this calculation are: 1. The market value of the land (Option a); 2. The value of assets attached to the land (Option c), such as buildings or trees; 3. A multiplier factor (Option d) applied to the market value depending on whether the land is rural or urban; and 4. A solatium (an additional amount equivalent to 100% of the total compensation). Educational allowances for children are not part of the land compensation calculation under the First Schedule; while the Act provides for rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) benefits in the Second Schedule, a specific 'educational allowance for children' is not a listed component of the minimum compensation package for the land itself in the First Schedule.
A Periodic Patta holder is not allowed to :
A)
Cultivate Horticulture crops and fruits.
B)
Cultivate Agriculture crops.
C)
Mutate his land-holding.
D)
Regularise his Patta into Land Settlement Certificate.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013 and the associated land administration rules, a 'Periodic Patta' is a temporary or time-bound land holding grant.
1. Options (a) and (b): A Patta holder, whether periodic or permanent, is primarily granted land for the purpose of cultivation. Therefore, cultivating agriculture crops and horticulture/fruits is the intended use of the land and is permitted.
2. Option (c): Mutation refers to the transfer of title or change in ownership records. Periodic Patta holders can generally undergo mutation processes (such as inheritance) provided the terms of the Patta allow for it and the land remains within the prescribed use.
3. Option (d): A Periodic Patta is distinct from a Land Settlement Certificate (LSC). An LSC represents a more permanent or settled form of tenure. By definition, a Periodic Patta is subject to renewal and specific conditions; it cannot be unilaterally 'regularized' or converted into a Land Settlement Certificate simply by the holder, as the LSC is granted based on specific settlement criteria and government policy. Therefore, a Periodic Patta holder is not allowed to simply regularize their status into an LSC without a formal government settlement process.
Right to Fisheries :
A)
Cannot be declared by the Government.
B)
Can be acquired by any person or group of persons.
C)
Means any right declared for collection of water, running or stagnant, to be a fishery.
D)
Refers to Fish farming.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013, the term 'Right to Fisheries' is specifically defined in the context of land and water rights.
1. **Analysis of Option (c):** This option aligns with the legal definition used in land revenue laws, where a 'fishery' is defined as the right to fish or collect fish from water, whether that water is running (rivers, streams) or stagnant (ponds, lakes), provided it has been declared as such.
2. **Analysis of Option (a):** This is incorrect because the Government typically holds the authority to declare or regulate fishery rights on public lands or waters.
3. **Analysis of Option (b):** While individuals may obtain licenses or leases, the 'Right to Fisheries' as a legal definition in the Act refers to the nature of the right itself, not the process of acquisition by any random group.
4. **Analysis of Option (d):** 'Fish farming' (aquaculture) is a commercial activity/industry, whereas 'Right to Fisheries' is a legal property/usufructuary right to harvest fish from a specific water body.
Which of the following is used by the Collector to determine the “Market value” under Section 26 of the RFCTLARR Act, 2013?
A)
Current circle rate or Guideline value.
B)
Average Sale price for similar type of land in the area during immediately preceding three years of the year of land acquisition in the vicinity.
C)
Consented amount in case of private negotiations.
D)
Any of the above which ever is higher.
Under Section 26 of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, the Collector is mandated to determine the market value of the land. According to Section 26(1), the market value shall be determined by the Collector on the basis of the higher of: (i) the market value specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899, or (ii) the average sale price for similar type of land in the nearest vicinity during the preceding three years. While circle rates (guideline values) are often used as a baseline, the Act specifically emphasizes the average sale price of similar lands in the vicinity over the preceding three years to ensure fair market compensation. Option (b) accurately reflects the statutory mechanism for calculating the market value based on actual transaction trends in the area. Option (c) is incorrect as the Act provides a legal formula for compensation rather than relying solely on private negotiations for the 'market value' determination. Option (d) is a distractor; while the Collector chooses the higher of specific statutory values, the phrasing in (b) is the primary method defined for calculating the actual market trend.
The Controller of Land Records is :
A)
The Assistant Commissioner (Revenue) (previously the Settlement Officer).
B)
The Joint Director of Survey.
C)
The Director of Land Revenue & Settlement.
D)
The Secretary to Government of Mizoram, Land Revenue & Settlement.
In the administrative framework of Land Revenue and Settlement (specifically within the context of Mizoram's land administration), the role of the Controller of Land Records is vested in the Assistant Commissioner (Revenue). Historically, this function was performed by the Settlement Officer. The Assistant Commissioner (Revenue) is responsible for the maintenance, updating, and custody of land records to ensure accuracy in land ownership and tenure.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option b: The Joint Director of Survey focuses on the technical aspects of surveying and mapping rather than the administrative control of land records.
- Option c: The Director of Land Revenue & Settlement is the head of the department and provides overall administrative leadership, but the specific statutory/functional role of 'Controller of Land Records' is assigned to the AC (Revenue).
- Option d: The Secretary to the Government is a policy-level administrative head and does not act as the operational Controller of Land Records.
Application for Periodic Patta should be submitted in :
A)
Prescribed FORM-6A.
B)
Prescribed FORM-2.
C)
Prescribed FORM-16.
D)
Prescribed FORM-7.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013 and its accompanying rules, specific forms are prescribed for different administrative processes related to land tenure and revenue. For the application of a Periodic Patta (a land document issued for a specific period), the prescribed format is FORM-6A. Other forms mentioned in the options serve different purposes: FORM-2 is typically associated with general applications or mutations, and other forms like FORM-7 or FORM-16 relate to different certifications or revenue records. Therefore, based on the statutory forms provided under the Act's rules, FORM-6A is the correct application form for Periodic Patta.
Leased land can be transferred by the allottee or lessee under any circumstance :
A)
Within a family
B)
Within Associations of persons
C)
Within body of individual
D)
The sentence is not correct
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013 and the associated land allotment rules, land leased or allotted by the government is generally non-transferable. The law strictly prohibits the allottee or lessee from transferring, selling, mortgaging, or subletting the land to any other person or entity without the prior written permission of the Deputy Commissioner or the competent authority. Therefore, the premise of the question—that leased land 'can be transferred... under any circumstance'—is legally incorrect. Options a, b, and c suggest specific groups to whom transfer is permitted, but without official government sanction, such transfers are illegal regardless of whether they are within a family or an association. Thus, the most accurate response is that the statement itself is incorrect.
Register for Record of Rights is to be maintained in :
A)
Prescribed FORM-22.
B)
Prescribed APPENDIX – II.
C)
Prescribed FORM-6B.
D)
Prescribed FORM-14.
In the context of Land Revenue and Settlement administration (specifically within the framework of the Record of Rights and Land Records rules), the Register for Record of Rights (ROR) is maintained in a standardized format to ensure uniformity across districts. According to the prescribed rules for the maintenance of land records, FORM-22 is the designated format used for the Record of Rights register. This register serves as the primary legal document detailing the ownership, tenure, and liabilities associated with a specific parcel of land. Other forms mentioned (such as FORM-6B or FORM-14) are typically used for different administrative purposes, such as mutation applications, notices, or specific certificates, but not for the primary ROR register.
Rights of a Land Settlement Certificate holder does not include :
A)
Payment of land revenues and taxes.
B)
Permanent, heritable and transferable right.
C)
Title, interest and peaceful possession of land.
D)
Land allotted within notified Forest Reserved.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013, a Land Settlement Certificate (LSC) grants specific legal rights to the holder regarding the land allotted to them.
1. **Analysis of Option (b) and (c):** The LSC typically confers a permanent, heritable, and transferable right to the land, providing the holder with legal title, interest, and the right to peaceful possession. These are the core benefits of holding a settlement certificate.
2. **Analysis of Option (a):** While the question asks what the rights 'do not include', the payment of land revenues and taxes is an obligation/liability that accompanies the rights of ownership. In the context of legal rights associated with a certificate, the right to hold the land is contingent upon the fulfillment of these duties.
3. **Analysis of Option (d):** By law, land that is notified as a 'Reserved Forest' is protected under forest conservation laws. The government cannot legally issue a Land Settlement Certificate for land located within a notified Reserved Forest, as such land is reserved for forest conservation and is not available for private settlement or allotment. Therefore, the rights of an LSC holder cannot possibly include land within a notified Reserved Forest, as such an allotment would be illegal/void.
Thus, option (d) is the correct answer because it describes a scenario that is legally prohibited and cannot be part of the rights granted by an LSC.
Record of Rights of landholding is presently maintained in:
A)
Physical form only
B)
Digital form only
C)
Both physical and digital forms
D)
Oral tradition only
In the modern administration of Land Revenue and Settlement, the Record of Rights (RoR) is maintained using a hybrid system. 1. Physical Form: Traditional registers (such as the Jamabandi or Khatian) are maintained as legal archives and primary records in the Tehsil or District offices to ensure a permanent paper trail. 2. Digital Form: Under various Digital India and Land Records Modernization Programme (LRMP) initiatives, these records have been digitized to allow for easier updates, transparency, and the issuance of digitally signed copies (e-records) to landowners. Therefore, while the transition to digital is nearly complete, the physical archives remain the legal bedrock, making 'Both physical and digital forms' the correct answer. Option (a) and (b) are incorrect as they ignore one of the two existing systems, and (d) is incorrect as land records must be documented by law.
For land acquired in rural areas, the multiplication factor applied to the market value of land generally ranges between:
A)
1.25 to 2.0
B)
1.0 to 1.80
C)
1.0 to 1.40
D)
2.0 to 4.0
Under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, the determination of market value for land acquisition is governed by Section 26. According to the First Schedule of the Act, in determining the market value of the land, a 'multiplication factor' is applied to the market value. For rural areas, this factor is determined by the appropriate government and generally ranges from 1.0 to 2.0. However, in practice and as per the standard guidelines issued under the Act to ensure fair compensation for rural landowners, the factor typically ranges between 1.25 and 2.0 (depending on the distance of the land from urban agglomerations). Option (a) represents the standard range applied in most jurisdictions to ensure rural land is compensated more generously than urban land. Options (b), (c), and (d) do not align with the statutory framework provided in the First Schedule of the RFCTLARR Act 2013.
At what rate of additional interest is paid on the market value from the date of notification of Social Impact Assessment(SIA) or Preliminary Notification to the date of the award ?
A)
9 percent per annum.
B)
12 percent per annum.
C)
15 percent per annum.
D)
6 percent per annum.
According to the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, specifically under the provisions related to the determination of compensation, an additional amount is payable to the land owner. Section 30(3) of the Act stipulates that where the market value of the land is determined, an additional amount at the rate of 12 percent per annum on the market value of the land shall be paid from the date of notification of the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) or the preliminary notification (whichever is earlier) to the date of the award. This is intended to compensate the landowner for the period of uncertainty and the time elapsed between the initiation of the acquisition process and the final determination of the award.
Government land means :
A)
All Departmental lands held under Land Lease.
B)
The land which is declared as the property of the Government.
C)
All vacant lands.
D)
All lands held by Government Departments with all vacant lands without title.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013, 'Government land' is defined broadly to ensure the state's authority over lands that are not privately owned or titled.
1. **Analysis of Option (d):** This is the most comprehensive definition. It includes both lands actively held/managed by various Government Departments and 'vacant lands without title' (lands where no individual or community can prove legal ownership/title), which by default vest in the Government.
2. **Why (a) is incorrect:** Land held under 'Land Lease' implies a contractual agreement where the government may be the lessor, but the definition of Government land is not limited only to leased departmental lands.
3. **Why (b) is incorrect:** While declared property is government land, this option is too narrow as it excludes vacant lands that are government property by default without needing a specific declaration.
4. **Why (c) is incorrect:** Not all vacant lands are necessarily government land (some may be subject to customary claims), and this option ignores lands actively held by government departments.
Which of the following is not included in the definition of “Land” under the Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013?
A)
Any ground, soil or earth.
B)
Benefits to arise out of land and things attached to the earth.
C)
Notified Forest Reserves.
D)
Agricultural land.
Under the Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013, the definition of 'Land' is broad and inclusive, aligning with general land revenue principles. It typically includes: (a) any ground, soil, or earth; (b) benefits to arise out of land and things attached to the earth (such as buildings or trees); and (d) agricultural land. However, 'Notified Forest Reserves' are specifically excluded from the jurisdiction of the Land Revenue Act because they are governed by separate specialized legislation, namely the Forest Acts (such as the Indian Forest Act or state-specific forest laws). Therefore, while a forest reserve is physically land, it is legally excluded from the definition of 'Land' for the purposes of land revenue administration, assessment, and settlement under this specific Act.
“Year” according to Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013 is commencing on the :
A)
First day of April
B)
First day of January
C)
First day of March
D)
Day to be declared by the Government
Under the Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013, the definition of 'Year' is specifically provided in the interpretation/definitions section of the Act. In accordance with standard administrative and financial practices in India, and as explicitly stated in the Act, a 'Year' refers to a calendar year starting from the first day of April and ending on the 31st of March of the following year. This aligns with the financial year of the Government of India and the State Government of Mizoram. Therefore, option (a) is correct, while options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect as they do not align with the statutory definition provided in the Act.
Reverting back of lands for 40 % or 30% of the area to Government and diverting of land use from agricultural land into house sites is not specifically stipulated in the Mizoram (land Revenue) Act or Rules, 2013.
A)
False
B)
True
C)
Partially true
D)
Partially False
The Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act and Rules, 2013, primarily focus on the administration of land revenue, the classification of lands, the settlement of rights, and the duties of revenue officers. While the Act provides the framework for land administration and the government's power to manage land, it does not contain specific, codified clauses or percentages (such as 30% or 40%) regarding the automatic 'reverting back' of land to the Government upon certain conditions, nor does it provide a detailed, stipulated procedure for the diversion of agricultural land to house sites within the primary text of the Act/Rules. Such specific land-use conversions or reversion percentages are typically handled through separate administrative guidelines, land use policies, or specific government orders rather than being stipulated as statutory mandates within the 2013 Act itself. Therefore, the statement that these specific stipulations are not present in the Act or Rules is True.
Allotment of land under Lease for a period of 15 years is permissible :
A)
For Non-Government educational institutions.
B)
For Provisional Land Lease Certificate.
C)
For other Land Lease Certificate.
D)
For Park or Public water point.
Under the Mizoram Land Revenue Act 2013 and the associated Land Revenue Rules, the government specifies different lease periods based on the purpose of land allotment. For Non-Government educational institutions, the land is typically allotted under a lease for a period of 15 years, which can be renewed upon the expiry of the term subject to the conditions of the lease. In contrast, Provisional Land Lease Certificates (PLLC) are temporary arrangements usually leading to a permanent lease, and allotments for public utilities like parks or water points are generally handled under different administrative categories or long-term public use grants rather than a standard 15-year commercial/institutional lease.
Grace periods for renewal of temporary allotment of land is permissible as per Second Amendment of Mizoram (Land Revenue) Rules, 2019 for periods up to:
A)
First grace period of Six months.
B)
Second grace period of another Six months.
C)
Third grace period of another Six months.
D)
Fourth grace period of another Six months.
Under the Mizoram (Land Revenue) Rules, 2019, and specifically the amendments governing the temporary allotment of land, the rules provide for a structured grace period for the renewal of such allotments to ensure that the land is not immediately reclaimed due to administrative delays or minor lapses in application. The rules stipulate that a first grace period of six months is allowed. If the renewal is still not processed or completed, a second grace period of another six months may be permissible. Beyond the second grace period, the allotment typically lapses or requires a fresh application process. Therefore, while a first grace period exists, the maximum permissible extension under the grace period framework is the second grace period of another six months.
Pick out one of the following acts which has not been repealed by the enactment of the Mizoram(Land Revenue) Act, 2013.
A)
The Lushai Hills District (House Site) Act, 1953.
B)
The Mizoram Land Holding and Settlement Act, 2000.
C)
The Mizo District (Land and Revenue) Act, 1956.
D)
The Mizoram (Restriction on use of Transferred Lands) Act, 2002.
The Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013 was enacted to consolidate and amend the laws relating to land revenue in the state of Mizoram. Under the 'Repeals' section of the Act, several previous land-related legislations were repealed to avoid overlap and conflict. Specifically, the Act repealed: 1) The Lushai Hills District (House Site) Act, 1953; 2) The Mizo District (Land and Revenue) Act, 1956; and 3) The Mizoram Land Holding and Settlement Act, 2000. However, The Mizoram (Restriction on use of Transferred Lands) Act, 2002 deals with specific restrictions on the use of lands that have been transferred, which is a distinct regulatory function from the general administration of land revenue, and thus it was not repealed by the 2013 Act.
What is the “Solatium” percentage to be paid on the total compensation amount calculated under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act, 2013)?
A)
30 percent
B)
50 percent
C)
90 percent
D)
100 percent
Under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act, 2013), the 'Solatium' is a supplementary payment made to the land owner to compensate for the involuntary nature of the acquisition (the 'solace' for the loss of land). According to Section 30(1) of the Act, the Collector shall award a solatium amount equivalent to one hundred percent (100%) of the total compensation amount calculated under the Act. This means the solatium effectively doubles the total compensation amount (Market Value + Value of Assets + Multiplier). Therefore, option (d) is correct, while options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect as they do not align with the statutory requirement of the 2013 Act.
What is the “Subsistence Allowance” provided to an affected family for a period of one year from the date of award of compensation?
A)
Rs. 25,000
B)
Rs. 50,000
C)
Rs. 75,000
D)
Rs. 1,00,000
According to the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, specifically under the Second Schedule (which outlines the Rehabilitation and Resettlement entitlements), an affected family is entitled to a 'Subsistence Allowance'. The Act stipulates that a one-time subsistence allowance of Rs. 25,000 shall be provided to each affected family for a period of one year from the date of the award of compensation. This is intended to support the family during the transition period following the loss of their land or livelihood. Options b, c, and d are incorrect as they do not align with the statutory amount specified in the Act's schedule.
Who is responsible for determination of market value of land acquired under the RFCTLARR Act, 2013?
A)
The Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA)
B)
The Requiring Body, Department or Company
C)
The Collector
D)
The High Court
Under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013, the responsibility for determining the market value of the land and calculating the final compensation award lies with the Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA).
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Section 26 of the Act mandates that the Collector (acting as the Competent Authority) shall determine the market value of the land based on the criteria mentioned in Section 26(1).
2. While the 'Collector' is often the person appointed, the legal designation for the officer exercising these powers under the Act is the 'Competent Authority for Land Acquisition' (CALA).
3. The Requiring Body (Option b) is the entity that needs the land, not the one who determines its value, to avoid conflict of interest.
4. The High Court (Option d) is a judicial body that may hear appeals regarding the award but does not perform the initial determination of market value.
5. Between 'The Collector' and 'The Competent Authority', 'The Competent Authority' is the more precise legal term used throughout the Act's procedural framework for the determination of compensation.
A foreign service means:
A)
A service in which a government servant received his pay from any source other than the consolidated Fund of India/State/Union Territory with the sanction of the government
B)
any posting outside India where the official gets his salary in a foreign currency
C)
service under a foreign government, an Indian Embassy or a multi-lateral agency
D)
any deputation to another government or PSU, but paid by the government treasury
In the context of Fundamental Rules (FR) and Supplementary Rules (SR) governing government servants in India, 'Foreign Service' has a specific technical meaning. It does not necessarily refer to service in a foreign country.
1. **Definition**: Foreign service is defined as service in which a government servant serves in a post or performs duties in a capacity where their remuneration is met from a source other than the Consolidated Fund of India, the Consolidated Fund of a State, or the Consolidated Fund of a Union Territory, provided such service is sanctioned by the competent government authority.
2. **Why Option (a) is correct**: It accurately captures the financial essence of foreign service—the shift in the source of pay away from the government treasury to an external source (such as a PSU, an autonomous body, or another organization) with official sanction.
3. **Why other options are incorrect**:
- **Option (b)** is incorrect because posting outside India (Foreign Posting) is different from 'Foreign Service' as defined in FR/SR. An official posted to an embassy may still be paid from the Consolidated Fund.
- **Option (c)** is too narrow. While service under a foreign government can be foreign service, the definition is broader and includes any non-government source within India.
- **Option (d)** is contradictory. If the official is 'paid by the government treasury', it cannot be classified as foreign service; it would be a standard deputation or posting.
A day cannot be marked as dies-non:
A)
when an official remains absent from duty without prior information
B)
when on duty in office, the official leaves the office without proper permission
C)
when the official arrives late for work
D)
when the official remains in office, but refuses to perform duty assigned to him
Under the Fundamental Rules (FR) and CCS (CCA) Rules, 'dies-non' refers to a day that is not counted for any purpose (such as pay, increment, or pension) and is treated as a break in service.
1. Option (a): Absence without prior information or sanctioned leave is a classic case where a day can be marked as dies-non.
2. Option (b): Leaving the office without permission is treated as unauthorized absence from duty, which can be marked as dies-non.
3. Option (d): Refusal to perform assigned duties while present in the office is considered a serious breach of discipline and misconduct; the period of such refusal can be treated as non-performance of duty and marked as dies-non.
4. Option (c): Arriving late for work is a matter of punctuality. While habitual late attendance can lead to disciplinary action or a deduction of leave (e.g., half-a-day's casual leave for late arrival in some departments), a single instance of arriving late does not constitute a full day of absence from duty. Therefore, a day cannot be marked as 'dies-non' simply because an official arrived late, as they were present for a portion of the working day.
An honorarium is:
A)
a fixed monthly allowance paid automatically along with salary for routine duties
B)
any payment received from private companies in lieu of professional services rendered by a government servant
C)
a reimbursement of daily allowance and expenses on tour due to official work
D)
a recurring or non-recurring payment granted to a government servant as renumeration for special work of occasional or intermittent character
In the context of Fundamental Rules (FR) and Supplementary Rules (SR) governing government service, an 'Honorarium' is defined as a payment made to a government servant for performing work that is outside the scope of their normal duties.
1. Why Option (d) is correct: An honorarium is specifically intended for 'special work' that is 'occasional or intermittent.' It is not part of the regular salary and is granted as a reward or remuneration for additional effort or specialized tasks that are not routine.
2. Why Option (a) is incorrect: A fixed monthly allowance paid automatically for routine duties is typically referred to as a 'Special Pay' or a 'Dearness Allowance/House Rent Allowance,' not an honorarium.
3. Why Option (b) is incorrect: Payments from private companies for professional services are generally prohibited or strictly regulated under the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules and are not termed as 'honorariums' in the context of government service rules.
4. Why Option (c) is incorrect: Reimbursement of expenses on tour is defined as 'Traveling Allowance' (TA) or 'Daily Allowance' (DA), which covers actual costs incurred, whereas an honorarium is a payment for work performed.