MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The largest bench constituted by the Supreme Court of India was for the trial of which of the following case:
A)
Kesavananda Bharti case
B)
Golaknath case
C)
Women Rao case
D)
Mc Mehta and the Union of India
The largest Constitutional Bench ever constituted by the Supreme Court of India consisted of 13 judges in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) case, which established the Basic Structure doctrine.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Where did Muhammad Bin Tughluq die?
A)
Doad
B)
Kaithal
C)
Jaunpur
D)
Thatta
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq died in 1351 at Thatta (in modern-day Sindh, Pakistan) while on a military campaign to suppress a rebellion led by Taghi.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The phenomenon where a person is employed below their skill level is known as:
A)
Structural unemployment
B)
Frictional unemployment
C)
Cyclical unemployment
D)
Underemployment
Underemployment is an economic situation where individuals are employed in jobs that do not fully utilize their skills, qualifications, or desired working hours.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following potential effects on economic development when the central bank decides to lower the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) in a developing economy:
(i) It is likely to inject additional liquidity into the banking system, potentially increasing banks’ capacity for credit creation.
(ii) It could lead to a reduction in market interest rates, making borrowing cheaper for businesses and consumers.
(iii) It might stimulate aggregate demand, potentially leading to increased investment and consumption.
(iv) It invariably guarantees a rapid acceleration of real economic growth by ensuring optimal allocation of credit to productive sectors.
Which of the statements given above are conceptually sound effects of lowering CRR, but not necessarily a guaranteed outcome in all economic contexts?
A)
(i), (ii) and (iii) only
B)
(ii), (iii) and (iv) only
C)
(i), (ii) and (iv) only
D)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Statements (i), (ii), and (iii) accurately describe theoretical monetary transmission mechanisms of lowering CRR. Statement (iv) is incorrect because monetary policy can never invariably guarantee real economic growth or optimal credit allocation.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia?
A)
Thailand
B)
Laos
C)
Malaysia
D)
Vietnam
Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements regarding the function of the human kidney:
I. Removing waste and excess fluid from the body
II. The functional unit is nephron
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A)
Only I is correct
B)
Only II is correct
C)
Both I and II are correct
D)
Both I and II are not correct
The human kidney removes waste and excess fluids to maintain homeostasis (Statement I), and its basic structural and functional unit is the nephron (Statement II). Both statements are correct.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
In which of the medium do sound waves travel the fastest?
A)
Gaseous medium
B)
Liquid
C)
Solid
D)
Vacuum
Sound travels fastest in solids because the molecules in a solid are tightly packed and elastic, enabling faster mechanical energy propagation compared to liquids and gases.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which article was presented by ladies to men who returned with enemies’ heads from their head hunting?
A)
Chhawndawl
B)
Arkeziak
C)
Hranghrual
D)
Lenchhawn
In traditional Mizo warrior culture, 'Arkeziak' (a decorative tassel woven from yarn) was presented by maidens/ladies to brave warriors who returned with enemies' heads from headhunting expeditions.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Who among the following took measures against the practice of ‘Sati’?
A)
Lord William Bentinck
B)
Willian Marshall
C)
John Shore
D)
Henry Derozio
Governor-General Lord William Bentinck promulgated the Bengal Sati Regulation of 1829, banning the practice of Sati throughout British India.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following with regard to the writ of Certiorari-
(i) Writ of certiorari is issued both during the pendency of proceedings and after the order or decision has been announced.
(ii) It is issued only during the pendency of proceedings.
(iii) It is issued against legal bodies.
(iv) It is issued only after the order or decision has been announced.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A)
(i) and (iii)
B)
(ii) and (iii)
C)
(iii) and (iv)
D)
(i) only
Certiorari is a curative writ issued against judicial, quasi-judicial, and legal/administrative bodies after a decision or order has already been rendered.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The roadmap for India’s development by 2047 was provided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi through:
A)
NITI Ayog
B)
Viksit Bharat
C)
Make in India
D)
Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
The Government of India's vision for developed India by 2047 is branded under the 'Viksit Bharat @ 2047' initiative.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following statements is/are true of ‘Earth Hour’?
(i) It is an initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme.
(ii) Participants switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day every year.
(iii) The aim is to raise awareness on climate change and need for energy convention.
(iv) It is observed only in India
A)
(i) only
B)
(i) and (ii) only
C)
(ii) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Earth Hour is a WWF-led initiative (not UNEP) and is a global event (not just in India). Participants switch off lights to raise awareness on climate change.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
What are the three tiers of the Panchayati Raj system in India?
A)
Block, District, State
B)
Grassroot, District, State
C)
Local, District, Region
D)
Village, Block, District
Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, the Panchayati Raj framework established a three-tier local self-governance structure: Gram Panchayat (Village), Panchayat Samiti (Block), and Zilla Parishad (District).
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Who was assigned to cure sickness and procure medicine in a traditional village?
A)
Sadawt
B)
Bawlpu
C)
Khawnbawl
D)
Fathang
In traditional Mizo society, the 'Bawlpu' was the village priest/healer whose duty was to diagnose diseases, perform appeasement sacrifices, and administer herbal treatments.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Substantive Public Policies are those which-
(i) Plan to get things done.
(ii) Allocate resources/services to particular segments of larger society.
(iii) Directly distribute benefits or costs to citizens.
(iv) Impose restrictions on behaviours.
Which of the following is/are correct?
A)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
B)
(iii) only
C)
(ii) and (iii)
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
In public policy classification, substantive policies are those that directly distribute benefits or costs to citizens in society, focusing on the tangible substance and impact of government action.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following is not a part of Article 20 of the Constitution of India?
A)
Prohibition against Torture
B)
Prohibition against Self Incrimination
C)
Ex-post Facto Law
D)
Double Jeopardy Clause
Article 20 contains protections against Ex-post facto law (20(1)), Double jeopardy (20(2)), and Self-incrimination (20(3)). Prohibition against torture is covered under Article 21.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements:
(i) Fathang is the due payable to a Chief by each household or family in kind or cash.
(ii) Sachhiah is the due payable to a Chief by anyone who shoots or traps a wild animal.
(iii) Ramhual are the people who advise a Chief where fish should be caught.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(ii) and (iii) only
C)
(i) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Statements (i) and (ii) are correct traditional Mizo customary tributes to chiefs (Fathang = paddy tribute, Sachhiah = animal hunt tribute). Statement (iii) is incorrect because Ramhual were agricultural experts advising on Jhum land selection, not fishing.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following pairs:
(i) Nebular Hypothesis : Hoyle and Laplace
(ii) Tidal Hypothesis : Jeans and Jeffreys
(iii) Gaseous Hypothesis : Davis
(iv) Planetesimal Hypothesis : Chamberlin and Moulton
Which of the above pairs is/ are correctly matched?
A)
Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
B)
Only (ii) and (iii) are correct
C)
Only (ii) and (iv) are correct
D)
Only (i) and (iv) are correct
Tidal Hypothesis (Jeans and Jeffreys) and Planetesimal Hypothesis (Chamberlin and Moulton) are correctly matched pairs. Nebular Hypothesis is associated with Kant and Laplace, not Hoyle.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
What is the process of Sublimation?
A)
Solid changes into vapours state
B)
Solid changes into Liquid state
C)
Liquid changes into vapours state
D)
Liquid changes into solid state
Sublimation is the phase transition in which a substance converts directly from a solid state into a vapor/gas without becoming liquid.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which among the following laid the founding step for democratic decentralization and local self-governing institutions in India?
A)
Ministry of Panchayati Raj
B)
Mayo’s Resolution
C)
Ripon’s resolution
D)
Montfort Reforms
Lord Ripon's Resolution of 1882 laid the foundational framework for modern local self-government institutions in India, earning him the title 'Father of Local Self-Government in India'.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following descriptions:
(i) Annual rainfall is more than 100 cm.
(ii) Average temperate is about 22° C.
(iii) They are generally found in Western Ghats and Northeast India.
(iv) Mahagony, Bamboo, canes, ironwood, rubber are the major species.
What is this type of forest in India?
A)
Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest
B)
Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest
C)
Tropical Evergreen Forest
D)
Mountainous Forest
Let's analyze the given descriptions step-by-step:
1. **Annual Rainfall**: Tropical Evergreen forests typically require high rainfall, generally exceeding 200 cm, but they are the primary forests associated with regions receiving heavy precipitation (well above 100 cm).
2. **Temperature**: An average temperature of around 22°C is characteristic of the tropical humid climate where these forests thrive.
3. **Location**: The Western Ghats (windward side) and Northeast India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, etc.) are the primary regions in India where Tropical Evergreen forests are found due to the heavy monsoon rainfall.
4. **Species**: Mahogany, Ebony, Rosewood, Rubber, and various species of Bamboo and Canes are hallmark species of the Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests. Ironwood is also commonly associated with these dense, humid belts.
**Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest (a)**: These occur in areas with rainfall between 100-200 cm. While they share some locations, their dominant species are Teak and Sal, and they shed leaves for a short period, unlike evergreen forests.
- **Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest (b)**: These occur in areas with rainfall between 70-100 cm and are characterized by species like Tendu and Bel.
- **Mountainous Forest (d)**: These vary by altitude (Montane forests) and are characterized by conical trees (like Pine, Deodar, and Spruce) in the Himalayas, which does not match the species listed (Mahogany, Rubber).
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following points with reference to August Offer, 1940.
(i) Dominion status to India.
(ii) Establishment of linguistic provinces.
(iii) Expansion of the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
(iv) Institution of joint electorates with reserved seats for minorities.
Which of the above features are correct?
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(i) and (iii) only
C)
(i) and (iv) only
D)
(ii) and (iv) only
The August Offer of 1940 announced by Viceroy Linlithgow explicitly promised Dominion Status as the objective for India (i) and the immediate expansion of the Governor-General's Executive Council with a majority of Indian members (iii). It did not provide for linguistic provinces or joint electorates.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following statements are correct in respect of the three Round Table Conferences held during 1930-1932?
(i) Indian National Congress boycotted two of the three Round Table Conferences.
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi attended the First Round Table Conference.
(iii) Sarojini Naidu participated in the Second Round Table Conference.
Select the answer using the code given below.
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(ii) and (iii) only
C)
(i) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Statements (i) and (iii) are correct: The Indian National Congress boycotted two of the three conferences (the First in 1930 and the Third in 1932). Sarojini Naidu attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) representing Indian women. Statement (ii) is incorrect because Mahatma Gandhi attended only the Second Conference, not the First.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements regarding the suicidal bag of the cell:
I. ribosomes
II. suicidal bag contains hydrolytic enzymes
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A)
Only I is correct
B)
Only II is correct
C)
Both I and II are correct
D)
Both I and II are not correct
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Identification of the 'Suicidal Bag': In cell biology, the term 'suicidal bag' refers to the Lysosome. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes.
2. Analysis of Statement I: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell. They do not function as suicidal bags. Therefore, Statement I is incorrect.
3. Analysis of Statement II: Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes (such as proteases, nucleases, and lipases) that can break down macromolecules. If a lysosome ruptures or if the cell undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis), these enzymes can digest the entire cell, which is why they are called 'suicidal bags'. Therefore, Statement II is correct.
4. Conclusion: Since only Statement II is correct, the correct option is (b).
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Who among the following Britishers was associated with the introduction of the Mahalwari system?
A)
Robert Reid
B)
R.M. Bird
C)
John Lawrence
D)
William Carey
The Mahalwari system was a land revenue system introduced by the British in the North-Western Provinces, Central Provinces, and Punjab. It was primarily formulated by Holt Mackenzie in 1822, but it was later modified and implemented more effectively by Robert Montgomery (R.M.) Bird. Under this system, the revenue settlement was made with the 'Mahal' (the village community) rather than individual peasants or zamindars. The village headman (Lambardar) was responsible for collecting the revenue and paying it to the government.
Analysis of other options:
- Robert Reid: Not associated with the primary introduction of the Mahalwari system.
- John Lawrence: While he was a prominent administrator in Punjab, he is not credited with the introduction of the Mahalwari system.
- William Carey: He was a Baptist missionary and linguist known for his work in Serampore and the translation of the Bible into Indian languages, not for land revenue administration.
