MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following statements is/ are correct?
(i) Jet streams are formed by temperature differences between air masses.
(ii) In the Northern hemisphere, currents are deflected to the right due to Coriolis force.
(iii) Very strong and cold icy winds that blow in the polar and mountainous regions are called blizzards.
A)
Only (i) is correct
B)
Only (i) and (ii) are correct
C)
Only (ii) and (iii) are correct
D)
All are correct
Statement (i) is correct: jet streams form along boundaries between adjacent air masses with significant temperature differences. Statement (ii) is correct: Coriolis force deflects moving currents/air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. Statement (iii) is correct: blizzards are severe snowstorms characterized by strong, icy winds and low temperatures.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following is not a feature of ‘carbon credits’?
A)
The system was ratified in conjunction with Kyoto Protocol.
B)
They are traded at a fixed price under the UNEP.
C)
They are awarded to countries that have reduced their greenhouse gas below their emission quota.
D)
The goal is to limit the increase of carbon emission quota.
Step-by-step analysis of the options:
1. **Option (a) is a feature:** Carbon credits were formally established and ratified as part of the Kyoto Protocol (1997), which introduced market-based mechanisms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2. **Option (b) is NOT a feature:** This is the correct answer because carbon credits are NOT traded at a fixed price. They are traded in a market (either compliance markets or voluntary markets) where the price fluctuates based on supply and demand. Furthermore, while the UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) supports environmental goals, the trading mechanisms are governed by specific treaties (like the Kyoto Protocol or the Paris Agreement) and various national/international exchanges, not a fixed-price list managed by UNEP.
3. **Option (c) is a feature:** Carbon credits are essentially permits. If a country or company reduces its emissions below its assigned quota, it earns 'credits' for the surplus reduction, which can then be sold to those exceeding their limits.
4. **Option (d) is a feature:** The overarching goal of the carbon credit system is to create a financial incentive for reducing emissions, thereby limiting the total increase of carbon emissions globally.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?
A)
Ozone
B)
Carbon monoxide
C)
Sulphur oxides
D)
Nitrogen oxides
Ozone is a secondary air pollutant formed by the interaction of other chemicals in the atmosphere, whereas the others are primary.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The largest bench constituted by the Supreme Court of India was for the trial of which of the following case:
A)
Kesavananda Bharti case
B)
Golaknath case
C)
Women Rao case
D)
Mc Mehta and the Union of India
The largest Constitutional Bench ever constituted by the Supreme Court of India consisted of 13 judges in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) case, which established the Basic Structure doctrine.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following statements best describes the term ‘Labour Force’?
A)
Only people who are currently employed.
B)
Only unemployed people looking for work.
C)
Both people who are working and those who are looking for work.
D)
People in formal jobs only.
In standard economics (as defined by NSSO and ILO), the 'Labour Force' comprises all individuals who are economically active—encompassing both currently employed persons and unemployed persons who are actively seeking work.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which of the following statements are correct in respect of the three Round Table Conferences held during 1930-1932?
(i) Indian National Congress boycotted two of the three Round Table Conferences.
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi attended the First Round Table Conference.
(iii) Sarojini Naidu participated in the Second Round Table Conference.
Select the answer using the code given below.
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(ii) and (iii) only
C)
(i) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Statements (i) and (iii) are correct: The Indian National Congress boycotted two of the three conferences (the First in 1930 and the Third in 1932). Sarojini Naidu attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) representing Indian women. Statement (ii) is incorrect because Mahatma Gandhi attended only the Second Conference, not the First.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Who among the following Britishers was associated with the introduction of the Mahalwari system?
A)
Robert Reid
B)
R.M. Bird
C)
John Lawrence
D)
William Carey
The Mahalwari system was a land revenue system introduced by the British in the North-Western Provinces, Central Provinces, and Punjab. It was primarily formulated by Holt Mackenzie in 1822, but it was later modified and implemented more effectively by Robert Montgomery (R.M.) Bird. Under this system, the revenue settlement was made with the 'Mahal' (the village community) rather than individual peasants or zamindars. The village headman (Lambardar) was responsible for collecting the revenue and paying it to the government.
Analysis of other options:
- Robert Reid: Not associated with the primary introduction of the Mahalwari system.
- John Lawrence: While he was a prominent administrator in Punjab, he is not credited with the introduction of the Mahalwari system.
- William Carey: He was a Baptist missionary and linguist known for his work in Serampore and the translation of the Bible into Indian languages, not for land revenue administration.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements:
(i) Light can travel through vacuum while sound cannot do so.
(ii) The speed of light in vacuum is a constant.
(iii) Light year is a unit for measuring distance.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(i) and (iii) only
C)
(ii) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Statement (i) is true as light is an electromagnetic wave capable of vacuum propagation while sound requires a medium. Statement (ii) is true as speed of light in vacuum is constant (c). Statement (iii) is true as a light-year is an astronomical unit of distance.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The Conference of Chiefs of Mizo in April, 1942 held at Aizawl declared war on:
A)
Japan
B)
Germany
C)
France
D)
Assam
In April 1942 during World War II, a historic conference of Mizo Chiefs convened in Aizawl declared war on Japan in response to the Japanese invasion of neighboring Burma.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements regarding the expenditure priorities and allocations in the Mizoram Budget 2025-26:
(i) The largest portion of the total estimated expenditure is allocated to the Economic Services Sector, which includes flagship schemes like “Mizoram Bana Kaih”.
(ii) The government has increased the budget for the Health Care Scheme by allocating additional funds from the state’s resources, over and above the revenue typically generated from the State Lottery.
(iii) The allocation for Power Purchase has been increased, while the allocation for Power Subsidy has been reduced for the fiscal year 2025-26 compared to the current year.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A)
(i) and (ii) only
B)
(ii) and (iii) only
C)
(i) and (iii) only
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
In the Mizoram Budget 2025-26, General Services receives the largest sectoral expenditure allocation (₹6,510.39 crore), making statement (i) incorrect. Statement (ii) is correct as healthcare scheme funds were supplemented from state resources beyond lottery revenue, and statement (iii) is correct as power purchase was increased while power subsidy was reduced.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following statements regarding Pasal\ha Khuangchera:
(i) Pasal\ha Khuangchera is not only known for his bravery but also his strength and righteousness that won over the hearts of the people.
(ii) He was killed while trying to resist the advancing British troops in 1890, which marked the British conquest of the Lushai Hills.
(iii) He is known as the first Mizo freedom fighter to have sacrificed his life, after Lalnu Ropuiliani, fighting British imperialism.
(iv) The region (New Mizoram) was formally incorporated into the British Empire in 1895.
Which of the following is/are correct?
A)
(i), (ii) & (iii) only
B)
(i), (ii) & (iv) only
C)
(i), (iii) & (iv) only
D)
(i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)
Pasaltha Khuangchera was the first Mizo freedom fighter to sacrifice his life resisting British troops in 1890 (before Lalnu Ropuiliani, making statement iii incorrect). Statements (i), (ii), and (iv) are historically accurate.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which among the following is related to poultry farming?
A)
Silver Revolution
B)
Grey Revolution
C)
Pink Revolution
D)
Golden Revolution
The Silver Revolution in India pertains to the immense growth in egg and poultry production (led by Indira Gandhi's initiatives).
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Substantive Public Policies are those which-
(i) Plan to get things done.
(ii) Allocate resources/services to particular segments of larger society.
(iii) Directly distribute benefits or costs to citizens.
(iv) Impose restrictions on behaviours.
Which of the following is/are correct?
A)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
B)
(iii) only
C)
(ii) and (iii)
D)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
In public policy classification, substantive policies are those that directly distribute benefits or costs to citizens in society, focusing on the tangible substance and impact of government action.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is designed to measure poverty based on:
A)
Multiple deprivations in health, education, and living standards.
B)
Income, consumption expenditure and employment status.
C)
Income and consumption expenditure only.
D)
Food and shelter availability.
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measures non-income poverty by evaluating overlapping deprivations experienced by households across three key dimensions: Health, Education, and Standard of Living.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The conversion of glucose to glycogen is mediated by an enzyme called-
A)
glycogen synthase
B)
glucose phosphatase
C)
glycogen phosphorylase
D)
glycogen phosphatase
Glycogenesis (conversion of glucose into glycogen) is catalyzed primarily by the key rate-limiting enzyme glycogen synthase.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following pairs:
(i) Sutlej : Gangotri Glacier
(ii) Jhelum : Verinag
(iii) Beas : Near Rohtang Pass
(iv) Chenab : Bara Lacha Pass
Which of the above pairs is/ are incorrectly matched?
A)
Only (i)
B)
Only (ii)
C)
(ii) and (iii) only
D)
Only (i) and (iv)
Let's analyze each pair based on the origin of the Indus tributary rivers:
(i) Sutlej : Gangotri Glacier - INCORRECT. The Sutlej river originates from Lake Rakshastal near Mount Kailash in Tibet. The Gangotri Glacier is the source of the Bhagirathi (a main headstream of the Ganga).
(ii) Jhelum : Verinag - CORRECT. The Jhelum river originates from a spring at Verinag in the Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir.
(iii) Beas : Near Rohtang Pass - CORRECT. The Beas river originates from the Beas Kund near the Rohtang Pass in the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas.
(iv) Chenab : Bara Lacha Pass - INCORRECT. The Chenab river is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers, which originate from the glaciers near the Bara Lacha Pass. However, technically, the Bara Lacha Pass is associated with the source of the Bhaga river (and the Sutlej flows nearby), but the primary source of the combined Chenab system is often attributed to the Chandra and Bhaga glaciers. More importantly, in the context of standard geography exams, the Sutlej is the one most closely associated with the region near Bara Lacha Pass (entering India through it), while the Chenab's source is the Chandra and Bhaga glaciers. However, looking at the pairs, (i) is definitively wrong. Comparing (i) and (iv), the Sutlej is definitely not from Gangotri. The Chenab originates from the Chandra and Bhaga rivers; while they are in the vicinity of the Lahaul and Spiti region, the specific pairing of 'Chenab : Bara Lacha Pass' is often considered incorrect in strict geography because the pass is a transit point for the Sutlej, whereas Chenab's sources are the specific glaciers of the Chandra and Bhaga.
Therefore, pairs (i) and (iv) are incorrectly matched.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
‘Churning poor’ in the context of poverty refers to:
A)
Individuals who frequently move in and out of poverty due to vulnerable livelihoods.
B)
Individuals who are always below the poverty line and depend entirely on government assistance.
C)
Individuals that have recently escaped poverty and are unlikely to fall back.
D)
Urban homeless populations with no formal identity or income records.
In poverty classification (e.g. Planning Commission/NCERT Economics), 'churning poor' refers to transient poor individuals (such as small farmers and seasonal workers) who regularly move in and out of poverty.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
What is the core message of the United Nations Population Fund’s ‘State of World Population Report 2025’, titled “The Real Fertility Crisis: The Pursuit of Reproductive Agency in a Changing World”?
A)
Fertility rates are stabilizing globally, reducing the need for population-related policies.
B)
The world is heading toward overpopulation due to high fertility rates.
C)
The real crisis lies in individuals’ inability to achieve their reproductive goals due to lack of agency.
D)
The main challenge is population collapse due to declining birth rates.
The UNFPA State of World Population Report 2025 ('The Real Fertility Crisis: The Pursuit of Reproductive Agency in a Changing World') emphasizes that the true crisis is not demographic panic over declining or rising birth rates, but rather the systemic lack of reproductive agency that prevents individuals from achieving their desired family size and reproductive goals.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
World Environment Day was first observed on-
A)
5th June, 1971
B)
5th June, 1972
C)
5th June, 1973
D)
5th June, 1974
Following the 1972 UN Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, World Environment Day was first observed globally on 5th June, 1973.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
With reference to Aurangzeb’s religious policies, consider the following statements:
(i) He forbade the inscription of the kalma on coins.
(ii) He revived the celebration of the festival of Nauroz.
(iii) He appointed Muhtasibs to promote the Sharia laws.
(iv) He reintroduced Jizyah.
Which of the above are correct?
A)
(i), (ii) and (iii) only
B)
(i), (ii) and (iv) only
C)
(i), (iii) and (iv) only
D)
(ii), (iii) and (iv) only
Let's analyze each statement regarding the religious policies of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb:
(i) He forbade the inscription of the kalma on coins: This statement is INCORRECT. Aurangzeb was a devout Muslim and actually emphasized the Islamic character of the state. He ensured that the Kalma (the Islamic declaration of faith) was inscribed on the coins to assert his religious identity and authority.
(ii) He revived the celebration of the festival of Nauroz: This statement is INCORRECT. Aurangzeb actually banned the celebration of Nauroz (the Persian New Year) because he considered it an un-Islamic practice and a waste of state resources.
(iii) He appointed Muhtasibs to promote the Sharia laws: This statement is CORRECT. Aurangzeb appointed 'Muhtasibs' (censors of public morals) to ensure that the population adhered to Islamic law (Sharia) and to prevent social vices like drinking and gambling.
(iv) He reintroduced Jizyah: This statement is CORRECT. Jizyah (a tax on non-Muslim subjects) had been abolished by Akbar in 1564. Aurangzeb reintroduced it in 1679 to raise revenue and signal a shift toward a more orthodox Islamic state.
Wait, looking at the options provided in the prompt:
- Option (a) includes (i) and (ii) which are wrong.
- Option (b) includes (i) and (ii) which are wrong.
- Option (c) includes (i) which is wrong.
- Option (d) includes (ii), (iii), and (iv).
Correction on Statement (ii): In historical records, Aurangzeb strictly prohibited Nauroz. However, looking at the structure of the provided options, if (i) is definitely wrong (he did NOT forbid the Kalma), then options a, b, and c are eliminated. This leaves option (d).
Note: There is a factual discrepancy in the question's provided options versus historical fact regarding Nauroz (ii). However, based on the process of elimination regarding the Kalma (i), option (d) is the only viable choice provided by the examiner, despite the error in statement (ii). In a strict historical sense, only (iii) and (iv) are correct, but within the context of these specific options, (d) is the intended answer as (i) is the most blatantly incorrect statement.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Who was assigned to cure sickness and procure medicine in a traditional village?
A)
Sadawt
B)
Bawlpu
C)
Khawnbawl
D)
Fathang
In traditional Mizo society, the 'Bawlpu' was the village priest/healer whose duty was to diagnose diseases, perform appeasement sacrifices, and administer herbal treatments.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Consider the following pairs:
(i) JH Lorrain : Pu Buanga
(ii) E. Rowlands : Zosaphluia
(iii) DE Jones : Sap upa
(iv) TH Lewin : Thangliana
(v) FW Savidge : Zosapthara
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
A)
only (i), (ii) & (iv) are correct
B)
(i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) are correct
C)
only (i) & (iv) are correct
D)
(i), (iii), (iv) & (v) are correct
This question tests knowledge of the early missionaries and British officers in Mizoram and the Mizo names/titles associated with them.
1. **JH Lorrain**: Known as 'Pu Buanga'. (Correct)
2. **E. Rowlands**: Known as 'Zosaphluia'. (Correct)
3. **DE Jones**: He was a missionary, but 'Sap upa' is not his primary historical designation in this context. (Incorrect)
4. **TH Lewin**: Known as 'Thangliana'. (Correct)
5. **FW Savidge**: He was a British officer, but 'Zosapthara' is not the standard historical designation associated with him in this specific pairing list. (Incorrect)
Therefore, pairs (i), (ii), and (iv) are historically accurate. This corresponds to option (a).
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
The Constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 resulted in the insertion of:
A)
Article 21A
B)
Article 17
C)
Article 6
D)
Article 26B
The Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A into the Indian Constitution, making free and compulsory education for all children aged 6 to 14 years a Fundamental Right.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which among the following laid the founding step for democratic decentralization and local self-governing institutions in India?
A)
Ministry of Panchayati Raj
B)
Mayo’s Resolution
C)
Ripon’s resolution
D)
Montfort Reforms
Lord Ripon's Resolution of 1882 laid the foundational framework for modern local self-government institutions in India, earning him the title 'Father of Local Self-Government in India'.
MCSCCE • 2025 • Paper-I
Which metal was not known to the people of Indus Valley Civilization?
A)
Copper
B)
Bronze
C)
Iron
D)
Gold
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), which flourished approximately between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE, is categorized as a 'Bronze Age' civilization.
1. Copper and Bronze: The people of the IVC were proficient in metallurgy. They used copper and created bronze by alloying copper with tin. This is why the era is termed the Bronze Age.
2. Gold: Archaeological excavations at sites like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa have uncovered gold ornaments, beads, and vessels, proving that gold was known and used.
3. Iron: Iron metallurgy developed much later in human history. In the Indian subcontinent, the transition to the Iron Age occurred during the Vedic period (approximately 1200 BCE to 600 BCE). There is no archaeological evidence of iron tools or weapons in any of the Indus Valley sites. Therefore, iron was unknown to the people of the Indus Valley Civilization.
