Past Questions — 2025
Trace the evolution of India’s land reforms post-independence and how the focus of land policy has changed over time.
What is meant by the indigenization of technology? Discuss its importance for achieving strategic autonomy with special reference to India’s recent achievements in the space and defense sectors.
The Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) are the two pillars of India’s intelligence apparatus. Differentiate their core mandates and operational domains.
The media, including social media, are often termed a ‘double-edged sword’ in the context of internal security. Elaborate on this statement.
Describe India’s achievement in space science and technology and their socio- economic benefits.
Explain how changes in industrial policy have influenced employment patterns in India.
The rise of the gig economy challenges the traditional notions of employment and welfare. In the context of achieving inclusive growth, discuss the structural impediments to providing social security for this emerging workforce.
Cross-Border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Discuss the steps to counter the challenges.
Analyze the different phases of the disaster management cycle. Why is a proactive approach focusing on mitigation and preparedness considered more effective and economical than a reactive, relief-centric one?
Examine the role of external state actors in exacerbating internal security threats in India with reference to the Pahalgam attacks.
Discuss the role of Public Distribution System (PDS) in ensuring food security in India. Describe the objectives, functioning, limitations and potential reforms of the PDS.
E-technology is often cited as a panacea for the ills of Indian agriculture. Critically examine the potential of platforms like e-NAM in addressing the constraints of agricultural marketing and ensuring better price realization for farmers.
Evaluate the challenges and opportunities in supply chain management for India’s food processing sector.
How has digital technology transformed everyday life in the Indian context?
Critically assess the impact of railways on the economy, environment and society. What are the measures that can be taken to improve the efficiency and safety of Indian Railways?
Critically analyse the balance between development and conservation in the Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023.
Bharatmala Pariyojana and PMGSY seek to enhance connectivity across India. Critically analyse the effectiveness and the challenges faced by the schemes in the process of implementations.
What do you understand by the concept of ‘Basic Structure’ of the Indian Constitution? Discuss its evolution and significance in strengthening the Indian democracy.
Critically examine whether the Indian federation is a true federation or a quasi-federation.
Examine the role of the civil services in strengthening Indian democracy. Suggest reforms for a more autonomous and outcome-oriented civil service.
Analyze the key provisions and implementation mechanisms of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) and evaluate its impact on food security in India before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analyze India’s evolving interests and the challenges she faces in the expanded BRICS bloc of nations.
Analyze how Myanmar’s internal political situation, particularly the 2021 military coup, has complicated India’s foreign policy objectives and security interests in the region.
“The emergence of Digital Revolution has initiated e-governance as integral part of governance”. Elucidate.
Analyse the growing trade tensions between India and the United States in 2025. How do these conflicts affect India’s economic interests and its diaspora? What diplomatic and policy measures should India adopt in response?