← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions — 2022
‘Modern Babylon’is a reference often made to represent :
A)
London
B)
Belgrade
C)
Budapest
D)
Venice
The term “Modern Babylon” is often used as a literary/historical reference to London, especially to describe it as a vast, crowded, wealthy, and morally complex metropolis.
Why the others are incorrect:
- Belgrade: not commonly known by this title.
- Budapest: not associated with the phrase “Modern Babylon.”
- Venice: known by other titles such as “Queen of the Adriatic,” not “Modern Babylon.”
The word ‘Swift’ which is in news recently in light of Russian invasion of Ukraine is related to :
A)
Scientific transfer of future military technology among nations
B)
Special response force of NATO
C)
Systematic targeting of Russian assets across the world
D)
Global financial platform that facilitates international trade
SWIFT stands for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is a global messaging network used by banks and financial institutions to securely transmit payment instructions for international transactions, which helps facilitate global trade. It was in the news because sanctions on Russia included restricting some Russian banks from SWIFT after the Ukraine invasion.
Why others are incorrect: (a) has nothing to do with military technology, (b) SWIFT is not a NATO force, and (c) it is not a system for targeting assets; it is a banking communication platform.
Which state of India is known as Molasses Basin?
A)
Kerala
B)
Uttar Pradesh
C)
Mizoram
D)
West Bengal
In geological terms, a 'molasse basin' refers to a basin filled with a thick sequence of conglomerates, sandstones, and shales deposited in a foreland basin during the folding of a mountain range. Mizoram is geologically characterized as a Molasse Basin because its terrain consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated sediments (mostly sandstone and shale) that were deposited in the foreland of the Himalayas (specifically the Indo-Burman ranges) during the Tertiary period.
Analysis of other options:
- Kerala: Primarily known for its coastal plains and the Western Ghats, not a molasse basin.
- Uttar Pradesh: While it contains the Indo-Gangetic plain (which is a foreland basin), the specific designation of 'Molasse Basin' as a defining characteristic of the state's geography is most strongly associated with the specific sedimentary structures of Mizoram in regional Indian geography.
- West Bengal: Contains the deltaic plains of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, which are alluvial deposits rather than a classic molasse basin structure.
Which one of the following is not formed in out body?
A)
Vitamin A
B)
Protein
C)
Enzyme
D)
Hormone
Vitamin A is not normally formed in the human body in sufficient amount; it is mainly obtained from food, though beta-carotene from diet can be converted into vitamin A. In contrast, proteins are synthesized in the body from amino acids, enzymes are produced by cells, and hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. इसलिए the correct answer is Vitamin A.
What is the currency of China?
A)
Won
B)
Yen
C)
Wuan
D)
Yuan
The currency of China is the Yuan (also called Renminbi, RMB). Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Won is the currency of Korea.
- (b) Yen is the currency of Japan.
- (c) Wuan is not the correct name of China’s currency.
Which state has become the first state to introduce carbon-neutral farming methods?
A)
Goa
B)
Delhi
C)
Kerala
D)
Punjab
Kerala became the first Indian state to introduce carbon-neutral farming methods. The initiative was launched in selected panchayats to promote agriculture with minimal or zero net carbon emissions. Hence, option (c) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Goa: Not the first state associated with this initiative.
- (b) Delhi: Delhi is not primarily known for introducing state-level carbon-neutral farming.
- (d) Punjab: Punjab is known for intensive agriculture, but it was not the first to introduce carbon-neutral farming methods.
PETA India has named which of the following personalities as its 2021 Person of the Year?
A)
Priyanka Chopra
B)
Deepika Padukone
C)
Kareena Kapoor
D)
Alia Bhatt
PETA India named Alia Bhatt as its 2021 Person of the Year for supporting animal rights and promoting compassionate choices. Therefore, option (d) is correct. The other options—Priyanka Chopra, Deepika Padukone, and Kareena Kapoor—were not given this title by PETA India for 2021.
The excess of total expenditure of Government over its total receipts, excluding borrowings, is known as:
A)
Balance of payment deficit
B)
Revenue deficit
C)
Primary deficit
D)
Fiscal deficit
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Definition of Fiscal Deficit**: In macroeconomics and public finance, the Fiscal Deficit is defined as the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowings). It indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government for a particular financial year.
2. **Formula**: Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure – (Revenue Receipts + Non-debt Capital Receipts).
3. **Evaluating other options**:
- **Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit**: This refers to a situation where a country's total payments to the rest of the world exceed its total receipts from the rest of the world (International trade/finance), not internal government spending.
- **Revenue Deficit**: This occurs when the government's revenue expenditure exceeds its revenue receipts. It does not account for capital expenditure or capital receipts.
- **Primary Deficit**: This is the Fiscal Deficit minus interest payments on previous borrowings. It shows how much the government needs to borrow to meet expenses other than interest payments.
Therefore, the specific definition provided in the question matches exactly with the definition of Fiscal Deficit.
The famous ‘Living Root Bridge’ cultural landscapes which has been included on the tentative list of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites is located at :
A)
Tripura
B)
Himachal Pradesh
C)
Meghalaya
D)
Bihar
The famous Living Root Bridges are found in Meghalaya, especially in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. These bridges are made by training the aerial roots of rubber fig trees across streams and rivers. This cultural landscape was included in UNESCO’s tentative list of World Heritage Sites. इसलिए correct answer is (c) Meghalaya. The other options—Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, and Bihar—are not known for the Living Root Bridges.
World leaders of the COP26 climate summit promised to end and reverse deforestation by :
A)
2025
B)
2030
C)
2045
D)
2050
At the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow (2021), world leaders signed a declaration promising to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) 2025: too early; this was not the COP26 target year.
- (c) 2045: not mentioned in the COP26 deforestation pledge.
- (d) 2050: often linked with net-zero goals, but not with the deforestation pledge.
Which mineral is popularly known as buried sunshine?
A)
Zinc
B)
Mica
C)
Bauxite
D)
Coal
Coal is referred to as 'buried sunshine' because of the process of its formation. Millions of years ago, prehistoric plants captured solar energy through photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy stored in organic matter. When these plants died and were buried under layers of sediment, heat and pressure over geological time converted this organic matter into coal. Therefore, when coal is burned today, it is essentially releasing the solar energy captured by plants millions of years ago.
Other options are incorrect because:
- Zinc (a) is a metallic element mined from ores like sphalerite.
- Mica (b) is a group of silicate minerals known for their insulating properties.
- Bauxite (c) is the primary ore of aluminum, formed through the weathering of rocks.
Winner of the “Best Actor in a Leading Role” Award at the 94th Oscars Awards 2022.
A)
Brad Pit
B)
Benedict Cumberbatch
C)
Will Smith
D)
Chris Rock
At the 94th Academy Awards (Oscars) held in 2022, the winner of the Best Actor in a Leading Role award was Will Smith for his performance in King Richard. Therefore, option (c) is correct. Brad Pitt won Best Supporting Actor in an earlier Oscars year, Benedict Cumberbatch was only nominated in 2022, and Chris Rock was not a nominee.
Which institution provides assistance to those countries who are experiencing severe Balance of Payment crisis?
A)
IMF
B)
World Bank
C)
BRICS Bank
D)
UNO
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the institution that provides financial assistance to countries facing severe Balance of Payments (BoP) crises. Its main role is to help member countries stabilize their economies, provide short-term and medium-term loans, and restore external payment stability.
Why others are incorrect:
- World Bank: Mainly provides long-term development loans and assistance for infrastructure, poverty reduction, and social sectors, not specifically BoP crisis support.
- BRICS Bank: Primarily finances infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other developing countries.
- UNO: The United Nations is not a financial institution for BoP crisis lending.
Therefore, the correct answer is IMF.
The unified and integrated app known as ‘YONO (You Only Need One) that enables the users access to a variety of financial and other services is associated with :
A)
United Bank of India
B)
State Bank of India
C)
Syndicate Bank
D)
Axis Bank
YONO stands for ‘You Only Need One’ and is the unified digital banking and lifestyle app launched by the State Bank of India (SBI). It allows users to access banking, financial, shopping, and other services on a single platform. Hence, option (b) is correct. The other banks listed are not associated with the YONO platform.
Which state government has recently launched ‘Women@Work (WOW) Program’, in a bid to raise their workforce strength in workplaces by creating an equitable, inclusive and equal world for women?
A)
Kerala
B)
Punjab
C)
Karnataka
D)
Maharashtra
The ‘Women@Work (WOW) Program’ was launched by the Karnataka government to improve women’s participation in the workforce and promote equitable, inclusive, and equal workplaces. Hence, option (c) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Kerala: Not the state associated with this specific WOW Program.
- (b) Punjab: No such launch linked to this program.
- (d) Maharashtra: Also not the state that launched this initiative.
Which country has become the first EU country to cut off Russian gas in the year 2022?
A)
Poland
B)
Germany
C)
Lithuania
D)
Hungary
Lithuania became the first EU country to completely stop imports of Russian gas in 2022. In April 2022, Lithuania announced that it would no longer use Russian gas, relying instead on alternative supplies through its LNG terminal at Klaipeda. Therefore, option (c) is correct. Poland and Germany were still dependent on Russian gas at that time, and Hungary also continued imports.
Whose country’s parliament has recently approved a bill to change its capital to Nusantara?
A)
Thailand
B)
Malaysia
C)
Indonesia
D)
Cambodia
Nusantara is the name of Indonesia’s new capital city. Indonesia’s parliament approved the bill to move the national capital from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan. Therefore, option (c) is correct. The other options—Thailand, Malaysia, and Cambodia—have not approved any such bill related to Nusantara.
Under which of the following categories sound cannot travel through?
A)
Vacuum
B)
Solids
C)
Liquids
D)
Gasses
Sound is a mechanical wave, specifically a longitudinal wave, which means it requires a physical medium (matter) to propagate. It travels by causing particles in the medium to vibrate and collide with neighboring particles, transferring the energy forward.
1. **Solids (b), Liquids (c), and Gases (d)**: These are all states of matter consisting of particles. Sound travels most efficiently through solids (due to high density and elasticity), then liquids, and slowest through gases.
2. **Vacuum (a)**: A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. Since there are no atoms or molecules to vibrate or transmit the mechanical energy, sound cannot travel through a vacuum. This is why space is silent, and why a bell ringing inside a vacuum jar cannot be heard.
Which one of the following is known as Earth Summit?
A)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change
B)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
C)
United Nations Conference on Human Environment
D)
United Nations Conference to combat desertification
The 'Earth Summit' is the popular name for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It focused on sustainable development, environment protection, and global cooperation.
Why others are incorrect:
(a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an agreement that emerged from the Rio Summit, not the summit itself.
(c) United Nations Conference on Human Environment refers to the Stockholm Conference of 1972, not the Earth Summit.
(d) United Nations Conference to Combat Desertification is not known as the Earth Summit.
Shri Piyush Goyal, the Union Minister for Commerce, Industry, Food and Public Distribution, inaugurated India’s first Food Museum at Thanjavur in the state of :
A)
Uttar Pradesh
B)
Maharashtra
C)
Punjab
D)
Tamil Nadu
Thanjavur (also spelled Tanjore) is a city in the state of Tamil Nadu. Therefore, India’s first Food Museum inaugurated there is in Tamil Nadu. The other options are incorrect because Thanjavur is not located in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, or Punjab.
The world’s first plasmid DNA vaccine that can be administered using a needle-free applicator is :
A)
Pfizer
B)
moderna
C)
ZyCoV-D
D)
Covaxin
ZyCoV-D, developed by Zydus Cadila, is the world’s first approved plasmid DNA vaccine for COVID-19 and it is administered using a needle-free applicator. Pfizer and Moderna are mRNA vaccines, not plasmid DNA vaccines. Covaxin is an inactivated virus vaccine. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
Full form of NEEPCO.
A)
National Electric Power Corporation
B)
North Eastern Electric Power Corporation
C)
North Eastern Electric Power Company
D)
National Electric& Electronic Power Corporation
NEEPCO stands for North Eastern Electric Power Corporation. It is a central public sector undertaking involved in power generation in the North Eastern region of India. Hence option (b) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because it expands NEEPCO as National, not North Eastern. Option (c) is incorrect because the last word is Corporation, not Company. Option (d) is incorrect because it wrongly includes Electronic.
India’s highest military award for valor, equivalent to the Victoria Cross is :
A)
Ashok Chakra award
B)
Param Vir Chakra
C)
Shaurya Chakra award
D)
Maha Vir Chakra
The highest military award for gallantry in India is the Param Vir Chakra. It is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. It is considered equivalent to the Victoria Cross of the United Kingdom.
Why others are incorrect: Ashok Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award, not the highest wartime military award. Shaurya Chakra is also a peacetime gallantry award. Maha Vir Chakra is the second-highest wartime gallantry award after the Param Vir Chakra.
Which company has become the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022?
A)
TATA
B)
Byju’s
C)
Reliance
D)
LIC
Byju’s became the first Indian company to sponsor the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar as an official sponsor. Hence option (b) is correct. The other options—TATA, Reliance, and LIC—were not the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022.
On November 2021, the world’s largest hydrogen fuel cell power plant was inaugurated in which of the following countries?
A)
Germany
B)
Taiwan
C)
China
D)
South Korea
The world’s largest hydrogen fuel cell power plant inaugurated in November 2021 was in South Korea. South Korea has been a global leader in hydrogen energy infrastructure and fuel-cell based power generation. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- Germany: strong in renewable energy, but not the location of this largest hydrogen fuel cell power plant in November 2021.
- Taiwan: not associated with this record-setting plant.
- China: active in hydrogen development, but this specific inauguration was not in China.
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