← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Which Indian state is the largest producer of tea?
A)
Assam
B)
West Bengal
C)
Kerala
D)
Tamil Nadu
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analysis of Tea Production in India: India is one of the largest producers of tea globally. The production is concentrated in regions with high rainfall, acidic soil, and well-drained slopes. 2. Evaluating Assam: Assam is the leading producer of tea in India, accounting for more than 50% of the total national production. The Brahmaputra valley provides the ideal tropical climate and fertile alluvial soil required for tea cultivation. 3. Evaluating West Bengal: West Bengal is the second-largest producer, primarily known for the high-quality Darjeeling tea and tea from the Dooars region, but its total volume is significantly lower than Assam's. 4. Evaluating Kerala and Tamil Nadu: While both states produce tea (primarily in the Nilgiri hills and Munnar), their production volumes are much smaller compared to the North-Eastern states. Therefore, Assam is the correct answer.
Which is NOT an example of a greenhouse gas?
A)
Methane
B)
Nitrous oxide
C)
Oxygen
D)
Carbon dioxide
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat by absorbing infrared radiation, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
1. **Carbon dioxide (CO2)**: A primary greenhouse gas emitted through natural processes and human activities like burning fossil fuels.
2. **Methane (CH4)**: A potent greenhouse gas emitted during the production of coal, natural gas, and oil, as well as from livestock and organic decay in landfills.
3. **Nitrous oxide (N2O)**: A powerful greenhouse gas emitted from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
4. **Oxygen (O2)**: Oxygen is a diatomic molecule with a symmetric structure. Because of this symmetry, it does not absorb infrared radiation and therefore does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. It is a vital gas for respiration but not a greenhouse gas.
Panchayati Raj was first introduced in India in which state?
A)
Maharashtra
B)
Gujarat
C)
Rajasthan
D)
Kerala
The Panchayati Raj system, which aims to establish democratic decentralization in India, was first formally inaugurated in the state of Rajasthan. It was launched on October 2, 1959, at Nagaur district by the then Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. This move was based on the recommendations of the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957), which advocated for a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj (Gram Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level, and Zila Parishad at the district level).
Regarding the other options:
- Maharashtra and Gujarat adopted the system shortly after Rajasthan, but they were not the first.
- Kerala has a strong tradition of local self-governance, but the formal introduction of the modern Panchayati Raj system started in Rajasthan.
What is the Assembly Constituency number of Dampa Assembly Constituency?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
In the state of Mizoram, the Assembly Constituencies (AC) are numbered sequentially. According to the Election Commission of India (ECI) and the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, the constituencies are numbered as follows: 1. Tuipui, 2. Saiha, 3. Dampa, 4. Lawngtlai, and so on. Therefore, Dampa Assembly Constituency is designated as AC number 3. Options a (1), b (2), and d (4) correspond to other constituencies in the state.
Which of the following is also known as the law of inertia?
A)
Newton’s first law
B)
Newton’s second law
C)
Newton’s third law
D)
Newton’s fourth law
Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object will remain at rest, or continue to move at a constant velocity in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external net force. This inherent property of matter to resist any change in its state of motion or rest is called 'inertia'. Therefore, Newton's First Law is fundamentally a description of inertia, earning it the name 'The Law of Inertia'.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Newton's second law (b) defines the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration (F=ma).
- Newton's third law (c) describes the interaction between two bodies (for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction).
- Newton's fourth law (d) does not exist; Newton formulated only three laws of motion.
An ‘Informal Gathering’ occurs when a group of people get together in a casual, relaxed manner. Which situation below is the best example of an Informal Gathering?
A)
The book club meets on the first Thursday evening of every month.
B)
After finding out about his promotion, Jeremy and a few coworkers decide to go out for a quick drink after work.
C)
Mary sends out 25 invitations for the bridal shower she is giving for her sister.
D)
Whenever she eats at the Mexican restaurant, Clara seems to run into Peter.
To identify the best example of an 'Informal Gathering', we must look for a scenario that meets two criteria: 1) A group of people getting together, and 2) The manner being casual, relaxed, and unplanned/spontaneous.
- Option (a) describes a 'book club' that meets on a 'first Thursday evening of every month'. This is a scheduled, recurring event, making it a formal or structured gathering rather than a casual one.
- Option (b) describes a spontaneous decision ('decide to go out') triggered by a specific event (a promotion) for a 'quick drink'. This is unplanned, relaxed, and casual, fitting the definition of an informal gathering perfectly.
- Option (c) describes a 'bridal shower' with '25 invitations'. Invitations and a specific event theme indicate a planned, formal social function.
- Option (d) describes a coincidence ('seems to run into Peter'). This is a chance encounter between two individuals, not a 'gathering' of a group of people.
Therefore, option (b) is the only scenario that represents a casual, relaxed group get-together.
Which of the following is not involved in the preparation of budget?
A)
Finance Ministry
B)
Finance Commission
C)
Niti Aayog
D)
Comptroller and Auditor-General
The preparation of the Union Budget is a planning and forecasting process.
1. Finance Ministry: This is the primary body responsible for preparing the budget. The Department of Economic Affairs and the Budget Division within the Ministry of Finance manage the entire process.
2. Finance Commission: It plays a crucial role in the budget preparation phase by recommending the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and the States (vertical and horizontal devolution), which dictates the available funds for the central budget.
3. Niti Aayog: As the premier policy think-tank, Niti Aayog provides the strategic framework, long-term goals, and developmental priorities that guide the allocation of resources in the budget.
4. Comptroller and Auditor-General (CAG): The CAG is an independent constitutional authority whose role is 'ex-post facto'. The CAG audits the expenditures AFTER they have been incurred to ensure accountability and transparency. The CAG does not participate in the preparation or planning of the budget; rather, it checks if the money spent aligns with the budget approved by Parliament. Therefore, the CAG is not involved in the preparation of the budget.
As per the newly launched Mizoram Universal Healthcare Scheme, what is the maximum possible monthly contribution for a government employee (on Level 13 & above pay level)?
A)
400
B)
700
C)
1000
D)
1500
The Mizoram Universal Healthcare Scheme (MUHS) was introduced to provide comprehensive health coverage to the citizens of Mizoram. Under the contribution structure for government employees, the monthly contribution is tiered based on the pay level of the employee. For employees in the highest pay brackets, specifically those at Level 13 and above, the maximum monthly contribution is capped at ₹1,000. This contribution is deducted to fund the healthcare pool that provides benefits to the insured members and their dependents.
‘Carbon Neutrality’ refers to:
A)
Eliminating all energy use
B)
Balancing carbon emission with removal
C)
Only using fossil fuels
D)
No carbon in the environment
Carbon neutrality refers to achieving a state where the net amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere is zero. This is achieved by balancing the amount of carbon emitted through human activities (such as burning fossil fuels or deforestation) with an equivalent amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere (through carbon sinks like reforestation, soil carbon sequestration, or technological carbon capture and storage).
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option (a) is incorrect because carbon neutrality does not require the total elimination of energy use, but rather the transition to clean energy and the offsetting of remaining emissions.
- Option (c) is incorrect because using fossil fuels increases carbon emissions, which is the opposite of the goal of carbon neutrality.
- Option (d) is incorrect because carbon is a fundamental element of life and the Earth's natural cycle; the goal is not to remove all carbon from the environment, but to stop the net increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Which colour in the rainbow spectrum has the lowest wavelength?
A)
Violet
B)
Blue
C)
Yellow
D)
Red
The visible light spectrum consists of colors arranged by their wavelengths. The sequence from longest to shortest wavelength is: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet (often remembered by the acronym VIBGYOR in reverse).
1. Red light has the longest wavelength (approximately 620–750 nm) and the lowest frequency.
2. Violet light has the shortest wavelength (approximately 380–450 nm) and the highest frequency.
Since the question asks for the color with the lowest wavelength, Violet is the correct answer. Blue and Yellow have wavelengths that fall between Red and Violet, making them longer than Violet.
The ‘Blue Revolution’ in India is associated with:
A)
Cotton production
B)
Dairy farming
C)
Fisheries development
D)
Coal mining
The 'Blue Revolution' (Neeli Kranti) refers to the growth and intensification of aquaculture and fisheries production in India. Its primary goal is to increase fish production, improve the livelihoods of fishermen, and enhance the export of seafood.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) Cotton production: Not associated with the Blue Revolution. (The 'Yellow Revolution' is associated with oilseeds).
- Option (b) Dairy farming: This is associated with the 'White Revolution' (Operation Flood).
- Option (d) Coal mining: This is an industrial/mining activity and is not part of the agricultural 'Revolution' series (which typically focus on food and fiber production).
With an increase in pressure, the boiling point of water:
A)
Decreases
B)
Increases
C)
Remains constant
D)
Becomes zero
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure. When the external pressure is increased, the molecules of the liquid require more kinetic energy (and thus a higher temperature) to overcome the external pressure and escape into the gas phase. This relationship is described by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. A practical example of this is a pressure cooker: by increasing the internal pressure, the boiling point of water rises above 100°C, allowing food to cook faster due to the higher temperature of the boiling water. Conversely, at high altitudes where pressure is lower, the boiling point of water decreases.
If a body is taken from the earth to the moon:
A)
its mass will be different but weight will remain the same
B)
both mass and weight will be different
C)
its mass will remain the same but weight will be different
D)
both mass and weight will remain same
To solve this question, we must distinguish between the physical concepts of mass and weight:
1. **Mass**: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter contained in an object. It is an intrinsic property of the body and does not depend on the location or the gravitational field surrounding it. Therefore, whether a body is on Earth, on the Moon, or in deep space, its mass remains constant.
2. **Weight**: Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object. It is calculated using the formula W = m × g, where 'm' is the mass and 'g' is the acceleration due to gravity.
3. **Comparison**: The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon (approximately 1.62 m/s²) is much smaller than that on Earth (approximately 9.81 m/s²)—roughly 1/6th of Earth's gravity. Because the value of 'g' changes when moving from Earth to the Moon, the weight (W) of the body will decrease, even though the mass (m) remains the same.
**Analysis of Options:**
- Option (a) is incorrect because mass does not change.
- Option (b) is incorrect because mass remains constant.
- Option (c) is correct because it accurately states that mass is invariant while weight depends on gravity.
- Option (d) is incorrect because weight changes due to the difference in gravitational pull.
How is India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) calculated?
A)
Through the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
B)
Using the Net Domestic Product (NDP)
C)
One method based on economic activity and the other on expenditure
D)
By analysing trade balance and fiscal deficit
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. There are three primary methods used globally and in India to calculate GDP:
1. The Expenditure Approach: This calculates GDP by summing up all spending on final goods and services (Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + (Exports - Imports)).
2. The Income Approach (Economic Activity/Value Added): This calculates GDP by summing the incomes earned by factors of production (Wages + Rent + Interest + Profit) or by calculating the 'Value Added' at each stage of production (Gross Value Added or GVA).
3. The Production Approach: Similar to the value-added method, focusing on the output of various sectors.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) is incorrect because the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of inflation (price changes), not a method to calculate total output (GDP).
- Option (b) is incorrect because Net Domestic Product (NDP) is derived FROM GDP (GDP minus depreciation); it is not the method used to calculate GDP.
- Option (d) is incorrect because trade balance and fiscal deficit are components or indicators of economic health, but they are not the methodologies used to calculate the total GDP.
Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth?
A)
Article 19
B)
Article 21
C)
Article 15
D)
Article 17
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. The question asks for the specific Article of the Indian Constitution that prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
2. Article 15 of the Indian Constitution explicitly states that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. This is a fundamental right under the 'Right to Equality' (Articles 14-18).
Evaluation of other options:
- Option (a) Article 19: Deals with the protection of six fundamental freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession).
- Option (b) Article 21: Deals with the protection of life and personal liberty.
- Option (d) Article 17: Deals with the abolition of untouchability.
Therefore, Article 15 is the correct answer.
Which of the following has the highest value of specific heat?
A)
Alcohol
B)
Methane
C)
Kerosene
D)
Water
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). Among the given options, water has an exceptionally high specific heat capacity due to its strong hydrogen bonding network, which requires significant energy to break or vibrate before the kinetic energy (temperature) of the molecules increases.
Comparing the approximate specific heat values (at room temperature):
1. Water: ~4184 J/(kg·K)
2. Alcohol (Ethanol): ~2440 J/(kg·K)
3. Kerosene: ~2100 J/(kg·K)
4. Methane: ~2220 J/(kg·K)
Since water's value is significantly higher than that of alcohol, methane, and kerosene, it is the correct answer.
The type of mirror used in the headlamps of cars is the:
A)
plane mirror
B)
spherical convex mirror
C)
spherical concave mirror
D)
parabolic concave mirror
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Objective: The purpose of a car headlamp is to produce a powerful, parallel beam of light that extends far ahead to illuminate the road.
2. Physics Principle: To achieve a parallel beam, the light source (bulb) must be placed at the focal point of a reflecting surface.
3. Concave vs. Convex: A convex mirror diverges light, which would scatter the beam. A concave mirror converges light; however, if the light source is at the focus, it reflects the light as a parallel beam.
4. Spherical vs. Parabolic: A spherical concave mirror suffers from 'spherical aberration,' meaning rays reflecting from the edges of the mirror do not meet perfectly at the same focal point, resulting in a blurred or diffused beam. A parabolic mirror is specifically designed to eliminate spherical aberration; any ray originating from the focus of a parabola is reflected perfectly parallel to the axis of symmetry.
5. Conclusion: Therefore, a parabolic concave mirror is the ideal choice for headlamps to ensure a concentrated, long-range beam of light.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Plane mirror: Reflects light at the same angle it hits; it cannot collimate light into a beam.
- Spherical convex mirror: Diverges light, which is useful for rear-view mirrors (wide field of view) but useless for headlamps.
- Spherical concave mirror: While it can create a beam, it produces a distorted beam due to spherical aberration compared to the parabolic version.
The ‘Swadeshi Movement’ began in the context of which event?
A)
Partition of Bengal 1905
B)
Non-cooperation Movement
C)
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Swadeshi Movement was a direct response to the decision of the British Viceroy, Lord Curzon, to partition Bengal in 1905. The British claimed the partition was for administrative convenience, but Indian nationalists saw it as a 'divide and rule' tactic to weaken the nationalist movement by splitting the population along religious lines (Hindu and Muslim). The movement advocated for the boycott of British-made goods (especially textiles) and the promotion of indigenous (Swadeshi) products to achieve economic self-reliance and protest British imperialism.
Why other options are incorrect:
- b. Non-cooperation Movement: This was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, much later than the Swadeshi Movement, primarily in response to the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
- c. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: This occurred on April 13, 1919, and served as a catalyst for the Non-cooperation Movement, not the Swadeshi Movement.
The ‘Kudankulam’ nuclear power plant is located in:
A)
Andhra Pradesh
B)
Karnataka
C)
Tamil Nadu
D)
Kerala
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP) is located in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the largest nuclear power stations in the country and was developed with technical assistance from Russia.
Analysis of other options:
- Andhra Pradesh: Does not host the Kudankulam plant; however, it has other energy projects.
- Karnataka: Hosts the Kaiga Atomic Power Station.
- Kerala: Does not currently have a commercial nuclear power plant.
Which of the following institutions formulates the monetary policy in India?
A)
NITI Aayog
B)
RBI
C)
Ministry of Finance
D)
SEBI
The Monetary Policy in India is formulated and implemented by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which is the central bank of the country. The primary objective of the monetary policy is to maintain price stability (controlling inflation) while keeping the objective of growth in mind. This is primarily managed through the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. NITI Aayog: This is a policy think-tank of the Government of India providing strategic and technical advice; it does not control monetary policy.
- c. Ministry of Finance: While it formulates the 'Fiscal Policy' (government spending and taxation), it does not formulate the 'Monetary Policy'.
- d. SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India): This is the regulatory body for the securities and commodity market in India, focusing on investor protection and market regulation, not monetary policy.
Which polymer is used as a substitute of wool in making commercial fibres?
A)
Polytetrafluoroethylene
B)
Buna-N
C)
Polyacrylonitrile
D)
Polythene
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. The question asks for a polymer used as a substitute for wool. Wool is valued for its warmth, softness, and insulating properties.
2. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is the polymer used to create 'Acrylic fibers'. Acrylic fibers are synthetic polymers that closely mimic the physical properties of wool, such as warmth and texture, making them the primary commercial substitute for wool in sweaters, blankets, and carpets.
3. Evaluating other options:
- a. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): Known as Teflon, it is used for non-stick coatings and gaskets due to its high chemical resistance and low friction.
- b. Buna-N: A synthetic rubber (nitrile rubber) used for oil-resistant seals and hoses, not for textiles.
- d. Polythene (Polyethylene): Used primarily for plastic bags, bottles, and packaging, not as a wool substitute.
Therefore, Polyacrylonitrile is the correct answer.
In which season did Aizawl FC win their maiden I-League title?
A)
2014-15
B)
2015-16
C)
2016-17
D)
2017-18
Aizawl FC, a club based in Mizoram, made history by winning the I-League title in the 2017-18 season. This was a landmark achievement as they became the first club from Northeast India to win the top-tier professional football league in India. They secured the title after a dramatic final matchday, finishing at the top of the table. Options a, b, and c are incorrect because the club had not yet won the league title during those seasons.
Natural uranium contains: 1. U-235 2. U-238 3. U-234 4. U-233 Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
A)
1 and 2
B)
2 and 3
C)
1, 2 and 3
D)
3 and 4
Natural uranium is composed of three naturally occurring isotopes: Uranium-238, Uranium-235, and Uranium-234.
1. **U-238**: The most abundant isotope, making up approximately 99.27% of natural uranium.
2. **U-235**: The fissile isotope used in nuclear reactors and weapons, making up approximately 0.72% of natural uranium.
3. **U-234**: A trace isotope present in very small quantities (approximately 0.0054%), produced by the decay of U-238.
**U-233** (Option 4) is not found naturally. It is a synthetic isotope produced in breeder reactors by the neutron irradiation of Thorium-232.
Therefore, since natural uranium contains U-235, U-238, and U-234, the correct combination is 1, 2, and 3.
Which of the following statements are true of glass wool? I. It has low thermal conductivity II. It is highly fire-resistant III. It absorbs moisture IV. It has good tensile strength
A)
I and II only
B)
I, II, and III only
C)
I, II and IV only
D)
I, and III only
Let's analyze each statement regarding glass wool (a fibrous form of glass used primarily for insulation):
I. Low thermal conductivity: TRUE. Glass wool is designed specifically as a thermal insulator. It traps air within its fibrous structure, which significantly reduces the transfer of heat, resulting in low thermal conductivity.
II. Highly fire-resistant: TRUE. Since it is made from glass (silica), it is non-combustible and can withstand very high temperatures without catching fire, making it an excellent choice for fire-stopping and thermal insulation in buildings.
III. Absorbs moisture: FALSE. Glass wool is generally hydrophobic or treated to be water-repellent. While it can hold water in the gaps between fibers (capillary action), the material itself does not 'absorb' moisture into its chemical structure like a sponge or organic fiber would. In fact, moisture absorption is a disadvantage that manufacturers try to minimize because wet insulation loses its thermal efficiency.
IV. Good tensile strength: FALSE. Glass wool consists of very fine, fragile fibers. While glass as a bulk material has high compressive strength, glass wool as a fibrous mat has very poor tensile strength; it tears easily and cannot support structural loads.
Conclusion: Only statements I and II are correct. Therefore, option (a) is the correct choice.
How many Local Councils were there in Aizawl in the General Election to Local Councils, 2025?
A)
85
B)
87
C)
89
D)
91
In the General Election to Local Councils 2025 conducted in Mizoram, the total number of Local Councils in Aizawl district was 87. These local councils serve as the grassroots administrative units for governance and development within the district. Options a (85), c (89), and d (91) are incorrect as they do not match the official administrative count for the 2025 election cycle.