← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Which constitutional amendments inserted the words ‘Socialist, secular and integrity’ in the preamble to constitution of India?
A)
44th Amendment 1978
B)
86th Amendment 2002
C)
70th Amendment 1992
D)
42nd Amendment 1976
The correct answer is **d) 42nd Amendment 1976**. This amendment is known as the ‘Mini-Constitution’ and it inserted the words **‘Socialist’**, **‘Secular’**, and **‘Integrity’** (along with ‘Unity’) into the Preamble of the Constitution of India.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **a) 44th Amendment 1978**: This amendment did not add these words to the Preamble; it mainly reversed some Emergency-era changes and strengthened fundamental rights.
- **b) 86th Amendment 2002**: This amendment dealt with education, making the right to education a fundamental right for children aged 6–14 years.
- **c) 70th Amendment 1992**: This amendment related to the composition of the electoral college for the President in certain Union territories, not the Preamble.
Therefore, the insertion of ‘Socialist, Secular and Integrity’ is associated with the **42nd Amendment, 1976**.
Which Indian swimmer has become the first Asian and the youngest person in the world to swim across Ocean Seven?
A)
Ashwin Menon
B)
Rehan Poncha
C)
Bhakti Sharma
D)
Rohan More
Rohan More is the correct answer. He became the first Asian and the youngest person in the world to complete the Ocean Seven challenge, which consists of swimming across seven major open-water channels around the world. The other options are incorrect because Rehan Poncha and Ashwin Menon are known Indian swimmers but not for this Ocean Seven record, and Bhakti Sharma is famous for open-water swimming achievements, including a world record in the Antarctic Ocean, but she was not the first Asian and youngest person to complete Ocean Seven.
What is the position of India in terms of milk production?
A)
First
B)
Second
C)
Third
D)
Fourth
India is the largest milk producer in the world, so its position is First. Therefore, option (a) is correct. The other options are incorrect because India is not Second, Third, or Fourth in milk production; it ranks above all of them.
Who amongst the following was the founder of Jainism?
A)
Rishaba
B)
Tirthankara
C)
Gautama
D)
Nirvana
Rishaba (Rishabhadeva or Adinatha) is traditionally regarded as the first Tirthankara and the founder of Jainism. Gautama was the Buddha, associated with Buddhism, not Jainism. Tirthankara is a title for Jain spiritual teachers, not a specific founder’s name. Nirvana is a religious concept meaning liberation, not a person.
Which country has recently declared to impose a ‘carbon tax’ from 2019 to cut its greenhouse gas emissions?
A)
Malaysia
B)
India
C)
Singapore
D)
Myanmar
Singapore is the correct answer. In 2018, Singapore announced that it would introduce a carbon tax from 2019 as part of its climate policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The tax was designed to put a price on carbon emissions and encourage cleaner energy use.
Why the others are incorrect: India has not declared a nationwide carbon tax from 2019 in this context; Myanmar has no such widely reported carbon tax announcement; Malaysia also did not announce a carbon tax from 2019 for this purpose. Therefore, Singapore is the only correct option.
The full form of PURA:
A)
Providing Urban Amenities in rural Areas
B)
Providing Urban & Rural Equal Amenities
C)
Providing Unemployed Rural Agriculturists
D)
Providing Unemployed Rural with Amenities
PURA stands for "Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas," a concept associated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam for rural development. Hence option (a) is correct. The other options are incorrect because they either expand PURA with unrelated words like unemployed/agriculturists or change the meaning to equal amenities, which is not the standard full form of PURA.
The chairman of the 15th Finance Comission.
A)
YV Reddy
B)
Vijay L Kelkar
C)
NK Singh
D)
SK Sinha
The chairman of the 15th Finance Commission was N. K. Singh, so option (c) is correct. The other options are incorrect because Y. V. Reddy chaired the 14th Finance Commission, Vijay L. Kelkar chaired the 13th Finance Commission, and S. K. Sinha was not the chairman of the 15th Finance Commission.
Which company launched the world’s first 5G commercial chip?
A)
Apple
B)
Huawei
C)
NELCO
D)
HFCL
Huawei is correct because it launched the world’s first 5G commercial chip, the Balong 5000, which was introduced as a 5G modem/chipset for commercial devices. The other options are incorrect: Apple does not manufacture the first 5G commercial chip; NELCO is an Indian telecom/infrastructure company, not known for launching such a chip; and HFCL is a telecom equipment company, but it did not launch the world’s first 5G commercial chip.
Which of the following is regarded as the real founder of Portuguese power in India?
A)
Vasco da Gama
B)
Alfonso de Albuquerque
C)
Pedro Cabral
D)
Almeida
Alfonso de Albuquerque is regarded as the real founder of Portuguese power in India because he established and consolidated Portuguese territorial and naval dominance, especially by capturing Goa in 1510 and strengthening key strategic positions along the Indian Ocean trade routes. Vasco da Gama (a) was the first Portuguese to reach India by sea, but he did not build Portuguese power there. Pedro Cabral (c) is known for discovering Brazil and also reaching India, but not for founding Portuguese rule in India. Almeida (d), Francisco de Almeida, was the first Portuguese viceroy in India and strengthened Portuguese naval policy, but Albuquerque is credited with laying the real foundations of Portuguese empire in India.
Which year is known as the year of great divide in India’s population history ?
A)
1911
B)
1921
C)
1931
D)
1941
The correct answer is 1921 (option b), which is known as the "Year of the Great Divide" in India’s population history. This is because 1921 marked the first census year after which India began to show sustained population growth; before 1921, population growth was irregular and often negative due to famines, epidemics, and high mortality. Hence, 1921 is treated as the dividing line between the pre-growth and growth phases of India’s population.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- 1911: This census year is associated with a population decline due to adverse conditions, but it is not the great divide.
- 1931: Population growth had already begun by then; it is not the turning point.
- 1941: This year is later in the growth phase and does not mark the historical divide.
The world’s first-ever female foreign ministers’ meeting was hosted by-
A)
India
B)
Brazil
C)
Canada
D)
South Korea
India is correct. The world’s first-ever female foreign ministers’ meeting was hosted by India, which convened women foreign ministers from around the world as part of its diplomatic initiative. Brazil, Canada, and South Korea are incorrect because they did not host this first-of-its-kind meeting.
Which schedule of the Indian constitution contains division of powers between central and the states?
A)
5th scheduled
B)
6th scheduled
C)
7th scheduled
D)
9th scheduled
The correct answer is **c) 7th scheduled**. The **Seventh Schedule** of the Indian Constitution contains the **Union List, State List, and Concurrent List**, which together define the **division of powers between the Centre and the States**.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **5th Schedule**: Deals with the administration and control of **Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes**.
- **6th Schedule**: Provides special provisions for the administration of **tribal areas in certain northeastern states**.
- **9th Schedule**: Contains laws protected from judicial review to a large extent; it is **not about division of powers**.
In the parliamentary proceeding, the majority of more than 50% of members of legislature present and voting is known as -
A)
Special Majority
B)
Simple majority
C)
Absolute majority
D)
Effective majority
The majority of more than 50% of the members of the legislature who are present and voting is called a **simple majority**. It means more votes in favor than against among those actually voting.
Why others are incorrect:
- **Absolute majority**: more than 50% of the total membership of the House, not just those present and voting.
- **Special majority**: a higher, constitutionally specified majority such as 2/3rd or 3/4th, depending on the case.
- **Effective majority**: more than 50% of the effective strength of the House (total membership minus vacancies), not merely those present and voting.
According to a recent report published by the Union Home Ministry, the two most peaceful state in the North East during 2017 are-
A)
Mizoram and Assam
B)
Mizoram and Meghalaya
C)
Mizoram and Nagaland
D)
Mizoram and Tripura
The correct answer is **Mizoram and Meghalaya**. According to the Union Home Ministry’s report for 2017, these two states were identified as the most peaceful in the North East, reflecting comparatively lower levels of insurgency and law-and-order disturbances.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **a) Mizoram and Assam**: Assam had more security and insurgency-related issues than Meghalaya, so it was not among the two most peaceful states.
- **c) Mizoram and Nagaland**: Nagaland also had significant insurgency-related concerns in 2017, making it less peaceful than Meghalaya.
- **d) Mizoram and Tripura**: Tripura had improved security conditions, but it was not ranked among the top two most peaceful states in that report.
Therefore, the correct option is **b**.
The Engineering Staff College of India (ESCI) is located in :-
A)
Roorkie
B)
Hyderabad
C)
Kanpur
D)
Ahmedabad
Engineering Staff College of India (ESCI) is located in Hyderabad, Telangana. It is a well-known training and management institute for engineers. The other options are incorrect because Ahmedabad, Kanpur, and Roorkee are not the location of ESCI.
Corbett National Park is located in the state of :-
A)
Assam
B)
Gujarat
C)
Uttarakhand
D)
Jharkhand
Corbett National Park is located in Uttarakhand, specifically in the Nainital and Pauri Garhwal districts. It is India’s first national park. The other options are incorrect because Gujarat has Gir National Park, Jharkhand is known for Betla National Park, and Assam has Kaziranga and Manas National Parks, not Corbett.
Who was called as the Lord of the whole of North India?
A)
Pulakeshin
B)
Chandragupta Maurya
C)
Ashoka
D)
Harshavardhana
Harshavardhana is called the "Lord of the whole of North India" because, after consolidating power in the 7th century CE, he extended his authority over much of northern India and was recognized as a major imperial ruler of the region. The Chinese traveler Xuanzang also described his wide influence. Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka were great Mauryan emperors, but they are not specifically known by this title in standard exam usage. Pulakeshin II was a powerful Chalukya ruler of the Deccan and is known for checking Harsha’s advance, so he cannot be the lord of North India.
The first element requirement for remote sensing is :-
A)
Transmission
B)
Reception
C)
Energy source
D)
Interpretation
The first essential requirement for remote sensing is an energy source. Remote sensing works by detecting electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted from the Earth’s surface, so without a source of energy there can be no sensing. In passive remote sensing, the main source is the Sun; in active remote sensing, the sensor provides its own energy (e.g., radar, LiDAR). Interpretation is a later step after data are collected, reception is the recording of the sensed signal, and transmission is not the first requirement but part of the data flow.
Amritsar is associated with which of the following :-
A)
Amarnath Temple
B)
Golden Temple
C)
Sarnath Temple
D)
Dilwara Temple
Amritsar is famously associated with the Golden Temple (Sri Harmandir Sahib), the holiest shrine of Sikhism and the city’s most well-known landmark. The other options are incorrect because Amarnath Temple is in Jammu and Kashmir, Dilwara Temples are in Mount Abu, Rajasthan, and Sarnath is associated with Buddhist sites near Varanasi, not Amritsar.
The largest gland in human body is :-
A)
Heart
B)
Lung
C)
Brain
D)
Liver
The correct answer is **d) Liver**. The liver is the **largest gland in the human body** because it performs both digestive and metabolic functions and secretes bile, which is a glandular secretion.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **Heart**: It is a muscular organ that pumps blood, not a gland.
- **Brain**: It is the control center of the nervous system, not a gland.
- **Lung**: It is a respiratory organ for gas exchange, not a gland.
Who is the author of the book ‘Making India Awesome’? :-
A)
K.L.joshi
B)
S.Sinha
C)
Chetan Bhagat
D)
Debajyoti Das
The correct answer is **Chetan Bhagat**. He is the author of the book *Making India Awesome*, which is a collection of essays on India’s development, youth, politics, and social issues. The other options are incorrect because **Debajyoti Das**, **S. Sinha**, and **K.L. Joshi** are not the authors of this book.
A large bends formed by a river as it twists and turns in the plain is known as :-
A)
Ox-bow
B)
Floodplain
C)
Meanders
D)
Levees
A large bend or winding loop formed by a river as it flows across a plain is called a meander. Rivers develop meanders due to lateral erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank.
Why others are incorrect:
- Ox-bow: an ox-bow is a cut-off meander loop, formed after a meander gets isolated from the main river channel.
- Floodplain: the broad, flat area adjacent to a river that gets flooded periodically; it is not the bend itself.
- Levees: natural or artificial raised embankments along a river bank that help contain floodwater; they are not bends.
The method of bookbinding with a flexible or soft cover is called :-
A)
Scroll
B)
Codex
C)
Spine
D)
Paperback
Paperback is the method/style of bookbinding that uses a flexible or soft cover, typically made of paper or thin card. The other options are incorrect: Scroll is an ancient rolled format of writing, not a binding method; Spine is only the back edge of a bound book, not the binding type itself; Codex refers to the early book form made of stacked pages, but it does not specifically mean soft-cover binding.
The term Life cycle cost is related to summation during the life span of :-
A)
recurring costs
B)
non-recurring costs
C)
both recurring and non-recurring costs
D)
None of these
Life cycle cost is the total cost of an asset over its entire life span, including both recurring costs (such as operation, maintenance, repairs, and energy use) and non-recurring costs (such as initial purchase, installation, and disposal). Therefore, option (c) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because recurring costs alone do not represent the full life cycle cost. Option (b) is incorrect because non-recurring costs alone also omit major costs incurred during use. Option (d) is incorrect because the correct choice is given in (c).
Of the following medium, the speed of sound will be greatest in :-
A)
Metal bar
B)
Water
C)
Air
D)
Vacuum
Sound travels fastest in solids because their particles are closely packed and the medium is highly elastic, allowing vibrations to pass on very quickly. Therefore, the speed of sound is greatest in a metal bar. Water is slower than solids, air is slower than water, and sound cannot travel in a vacuum because there are no particles to transmit the wave.