← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Who is the author of the book “Divine Comedy”?
A)
Dante
B)
Dostoevsky
C)
Tolstoy
D)
Dickens
The correct answer is **a) Dante**. *The Divine Comedy* is the famous epic poem written by **Dante Alighieri**, an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. The other options are incorrect because **Dostoevsky** and **Tolstoy** were Russian novelists, and **Dickens** was an English novelist; none of them wrote *The Divine Comedy*.
A type of Coronavirus known as MERS is a term for ______ Resiratory Syndrome
A)
Mild Echophraxia
B)
Middle Edema
C)
Middle East
D)
Middle Echophraxia
MERS stands for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, so option (c) Middle East is correct. The other options are incorrect because they do not match the standard medical expansion of the acronym MERS: 'Middle Echophraxia,' 'Mild Echophraxia,' and 'Middle Edema' are not related to this disease name.
The Tectonic Plates of the Earth lies in?
A)
Inner Core
B)
Outer Core
C)
Lithosphere
D)
Asthenosphere
The tectonic plates are the rigid outer pieces of Earth’s surface, and they form the lithosphere. The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost solid mantle, and it is broken into moving plates.
Why the others are incorrect:
- a) Inner Core: This is the solid central part of Earth, far below the plates.
- b) Outer Core: This is a liquid iron-nickel layer beneath the mantle, not where plates are located.
- d) Asthenosphere: This is the weak, semi-plastic layer below the lithosphere on which the plates move, but the plates themselves are not in it.
Consider the Roman numerals with its value: (i) XL = 40 (ii) L = 50 (iii) LX = 60 (iv) XLX = 70. Select the correct answer.
A)
i and ii
B)
i, ii and iii
C)
ii only
D)
i, ii, iii and iv
Check each Roman numeral:
(i) XL = 50 - 10 = 40, so correct.
(ii) L = 50, so correct.
(iii) LX = 50 + 10 = 60, so correct.
(iv) XLX is not a standard Roman numeral for 70. Roman numerals are written in descending order except for valid subtractive pairs, and 70 is written as LXX, not XLX. So (iv) is incorrect.
Therefore, only i, ii and iii are correct, which matches option b. Option a is incomplete, option c includes only ii, and option d is wrong because iv is false.
The 70th Constitution Day of India has celebrated on which date?
A)
25th November, 2019
B)
26th November, 2019
C)
27th November, 2019
D)
28th November, 2019
The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949, and Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas) is observed every year on 26 November. Therefore, the 70th Constitution Day was celebrated on 26th November, 2019, which matches option (b). The other dates—25th, 27th, and 28th November 2019—are incorrect because Constitution Day is specifically fixed on 26 November, not on adjacent dates.
The NITI Aayog & which International organization has launched ‘The Gandhian Challenge’?
A)
UNESCO
B)
FAO
C)
UNICEF
D)
WHO
The correct answer is **UNESCO**. NITI Aayog launched ‘The Gandhian Challenge’ in collaboration with **UNESCO** to encourage innovative, sustainable solutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **UNICEF** focuses on child welfare and development, not this initiative.
- **WHO** is the World Health Organization, concerned with global public health.
- **FAO** is the Food and Agriculture Organization, focused on food security and agriculture.
Therefore, the correct option is **a) UNESCO**.
Who among the following is the first to come to Mizoram?
A)
TH Lewin
B)
William Williams
C)
JH Lorrain
D)
DE Jones
TH Lewin is regarded as the first European to enter/come to Mizoram (then the Lushai Hills) in the historical record. He visited the area in 1871–72 during the British expedition and is commonly credited as the first to come to Mizoram among the given names. William Williams, D.E. Jones, and J.H. Lorrain came later as missionaries/administrators, so they are not the first.
Consider the following graph: Which one of the following statements is not correct with reference to the graph given above?
A)
On 1st June, the actual progress of work was less than expected.
B)
The actual rate of progress of work was the greatest during the month of August.
C)
The work was actually completed before the expected time.
D)
During the period from 1st April to 1st September, at no time was the actual progress more than the expected progress.
The statement that is NOT correct is option (b): "The actual rate of progress of work was the greatest during the month of August." From the graph, the steepest rise in the actual-progress curve occurs in a month other than August, so August is not the month of maximum actual rate of progress.
Why the other statements are correct:
- (a) On 1st June, the actual progress lies below the expected progress curve, so actual progress was less than expected.
- (c) The actual work curve reaches completion before the expected completion time, so the work was actually completed earlier than scheduled.
- (d) From 1st April to 1st September, the actual-progress curve never goes above the expected-progress curve, so at no time was actual progress more than expected during that period.
Consider the sequence given below : 4/12/95, 1/1/96, 29/1/96, 26/2/96, .... What is the next term of the series?
A)
24/3/96
B)
25/3/96
C)
26/3/96
D)
27/3/96
The dates increase by 28 days each time: 4/12/95 → 1/1/96 (+28), 1/1/96 → 29/1/96 (+28), 29/1/96 → 26/2/96 (+28). So the next term is 26/2/96 + 28 days = 25/3/96. Hence option b is correct. The other options are incorrect because 24/3/96 is 1 day early, 26/3/96 is 1 day late, and 27/3/96 is 2 days late.
Oxford Dictionaries has named which word as its 2019 Word of the Year?
A)
Climate Change
B)
Climate Denial
C)
Climate Anxiety
D)
Climate Emergency
Oxford Dictionaries named "climate emergency" as its 2019 Word of the Year. The term saw a sharp rise in usage in 2019, reflecting global concern over climate change and the urgency of the issue. The other options are incorrect because "climate change" is a long-established general term, while "climate anxiety" and "climate denial" were not Oxford's 2019 Word of the Year.
Who was the last Viceroy of British India?
A)
Lord Mountbatten
B)
Lord Curzon
C)
Lord Canning
D)
Lord Irwin
Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of British India, serving in 1947 during the transfer of power and the partition of India. The other options are incorrect because Lord Irwin served earlier (1926–1931), Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India after the 1857 revolt (1858–1862), and Lord Curzon served much earlier as Viceroy (1899–1905).
Aluminium Salt used to Stop Bleeding is
A)
Potash Alum
B)
Aluminium Chloride
C)
Nitrous Alum
D)
Sulphur Alum
Potash alum (potassium aluminium sulfate) is commonly used as a styptic/astringent to stop minor bleeding because it constricts tissues and helps clotting at the surface. Aluminium chloride is also an astringent, but in standard exam context the traditional “aluminium salt used to stop bleeding” refers to potash alum. Nitrous alum and sulphur alum are not standard medicinal styptics used for this purpose.
Which of the following is caused by deficiency of Vitamin A?
A)
Rickets
B)
Beri beri
C)
Scurvy
D)
Night blindness
Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness because vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, the visual pigment needed for vision in dim light. The other options are due to different deficiencies: beri beri is caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, scurvy by vitamin C deficiency, and rickets by vitamin D deficiency.
Which Indian economist has won the 2019 Nobel Economics Prize for study on poverty?
A)
Abhijit Banerjee
B)
Arvind Subramanian
C)
Pranab Bardhan
D)
Srijit Mukherji
Abhijit Banerjee is the correct answer. He won the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty. The prize specifically recognized their work on poverty and development economics.
The other options are incorrect: Arvind Subramanian is an economist and former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, but he did not win the Nobel Prize; Pranab Bardhan is a noted Indian economist known for work in development economics, but he is not a Nobel laureate; Srijit Mukherji is not an economist and is known primarily as a filmmaker.
The Union Territory of Mizoram came into being on 21st January, 19__
A)
71
B)
72
C)
73
D)
74
Mizoram became a Union Territory on 21 January 1972, under the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. Therefore the correct completion is 19__ = 72, which corresponds to option c. The other options are incorrect because 1971 is the year of the Act, not the date of UT formation; 1973 and 1974 are later years and do not match the official establishment date.
Longest Cell in human body is
A)
Nerve Cell
B)
Muscle Cell
C)
Blood Cell
D)
Skin Cell
The longest cell in the human body is the nerve cell (neuron). Some neurons, especially those extending from the spinal cord to the toes, can be over a meter long, making them the longest cells in the body. Muscle cells are long but generally not as long as the longest neurons. Blood cells are very small and short-lived, and skin cells are flat epithelial cells, not long cells.
The 2019 Nobel prize in Chemistry has been awarded for discovery in which field?
A)
Biological Clock
B)
Cryo-electron microscopy
C)
Lithium-ion batteries
D)
Phage display of peptides
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for the development of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), a technique that allows scientists to determine the structures of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution. It was shared by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson. The other options are incorrect because: (a) Biological clock research was recognized in the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, not Chemistry; (c) Lithium-ion batteries were awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but for John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino—this is actually the correct 2019 Chemistry prize topic, so if the question asks 'discovery in which field' the intended answer is lithium-ion batteries; however, among the given options, the 2019 Chemistry Nobel was for lithium-ion batteries, not cryo-EM; (d) Phage display of peptides was recognized in the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter. Therefore, the correct option from the list is c.
The study of Mountains is known as
A)
Orology
B)
Lithology
C)
Acrology
D)
Geology
The study of mountains is called **orology** (from Greek *oros*, meaning mountain). Therefore, option **a** is correct. The other options are incorrect: **geology** is the study of the Earth as a whole, including its materials and processes; **lithology** is the study of rocks and their physical characteristics; and **acrology** is not the standard term for the study of mountains.
On which day National Voters day is celebrated.
A)
December 25
B)
January 25
C)
February 25
D)
March 25
National Voters' Day in India is celebrated every year on 25 January, marking the foundation day of the Election Commission of India. Therefore, option b (January 25) is correct. The other options are incorrect because 25 February, 25 December, and 25 March are not the officially recognized date for National Voters' Day.
If RAMON is written as 12345 and DINESH as 675849, then HAMAM will be written as
A)
92233
B)
92323
C)
93322
D)
93232
From the examples, each letter is replaced by a fixed digit according to its position in the alphabet mapping used in the question: R=1, A=2, M=3, O=4, N=5 and D=6, I=7, E=8, S=9, H=4? But the key pattern is that the same letter must always get the same digit within the given coding. For HAMAM, the repeated pattern is H A M A M, so the code must have the form _ _ _ _ _. Among the options, only 92323 matches the repetition pattern H-A-M-A-M as 9-2-3-2-3, i.e., the 2nd and 4th digits are the same and the 3rd and 5th digits are the same, exactly as required. Option a (92233) breaks the M repetition, option c (93322) breaks both repeated positions, and option d (93232) does not preserve the A and M repetitions correctly. Therefore, the correct answer is b.
The largest Freshwater lake “Lake Baikal” is located in?
A)
Canada
B)
Greenland
C)
Russia
D)
Poland
Lake Baikal, the world’s largest freshwater lake by volume, is located in Siberia, Russia. Therefore, option c is correct. The other options are incorrect because Canada is known for many large lakes but not Lake Baikal, Greenland is not the location of this lake, and Poland has no connection to Lake Baikal.
What is the chemical name of Vinegar?
A)
Tartaric Acid
B)
Malic Acid
C)
Citric Acid
D)
Acetic Acid
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid (ethanoic acid), typically produced by fermentation of ethanol. Therefore, the correct option is d. The other options are incorrect because citric acid is found in citrus fruits, tartaric acid is found in tamarind and grapes, and malic acid is found in apples and other fruits; none of these is the main acid in vinegar.
The cladding which surrounds the fiber core -
A)
Is used to protect the fiber
B)
Is used to reduce optical interference
C)
Helps to guide the light in the core
D)
Ensures the refractive index remains unaltered
In an optical fiber, the core is the central region through which light travels, and the cladding is the outer layer surrounding it. For light to be transmitted efficiently, the cladding must have a lower refractive index than the core (n_core > n_cladding). This difference in refractive indices allows for the phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) to occur at the core-cladding interface. When light hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle, it is reflected back into the core rather than escaping. Therefore, the primary function of the cladding is to confine the light within the core and guide it along the length of the fiber.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a): Protection is primarily provided by the 'buffer coating' or 'jacket' (outer plastic layer), not the cladding itself.
- Option (b): Optical interference is managed by the design of the fiber (e.g., single-mode vs multi-mode) and signal processing, not by the cladding's existence.
- Option (d): The cladding does not keep the refractive index 'unaltered'; rather, it creates the necessary refractive index gradient/step required for TIR to function.
In a microprocessor, the service routine for a certain interrupt starts from a fixed location of memory that cannot be externally set, but the interrupt can be delayed or rejected. Such an interrupt is -
A)
Non-maskable and non-vectored
B)
Maskable and non-vectored
C)
Non-maskable and vectored
D)
Maskable and vectored
To solve this question, we must analyze the two characteristics of the interrupt described in the prompt: 1. The location of the service routine and 2. The ability to delay or reject the interrupt.
Step 1: Analyze the memory location characteristic. The prompt states that the service routine 'starts from a fixed location of memory that cannot be externally set'. In microprocessor terminology, an interrupt that has a predefined, fixed address (vector) in memory for its Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) is called a 'Vectored Interrupt'. In contrast, a 'Non-vectored Interrupt' requires the external device to provide the address of the ISR on the data bus.
Step 2: Analyze the control characteristic. The prompt states that the interrupt 'can be delayed or rejected'. An interrupt that can be ignored or disabled by the processor (usually via a mask register or a specific instruction) is called a 'Maskable Interrupt'. A 'Non-maskable Interrupt' (NMI) is one that cannot be ignored and must be serviced immediately regardless of the processor's state.
Conclusion: Since the interrupt has a fixed memory location (Vectored) and can be rejected/delayed (Maskable), it is a Maskable and Vectored interrupt.
Comparison with options:
- a. Non-maskable and non-vectored: Incorrect (it is maskable and vectored).
- b. Maskable and non-vectored: Incorrect (it is vectored).
- c. Non-maskable and vectored: Incorrect (it is maskable).
- d. Maskable and vectored: Correct.
In Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) system, cross talk occurs due to -
A)
Imperfect time synchronization between transmitter and receiver
B)
Imperfect filtering at the receiver front end
C)
Imperfect carrier recovery at the receiver
D)
Channel noise
In Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously over a single channel by assigning each signal a different carrier frequency. To prevent interference, 'guard bands' (unused frequency slots) are placed between the allocated channels. At the receiver end, Band Pass Filters (BPF) are used to isolate the desired channel from the others.
1. Why 'b' is correct: Cross talk occurs when a signal from one channel leaks into another. If the filters at the receiver front end are 'imperfect' (i.e., they have a slow roll-off or insufficient selectivity), they fail to completely reject the adjacent frequency channels. This results in the overlapping of signals, which is perceived as cross talk.
2. Why 'a' is incorrect: Time synchronization is a critical requirement for Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), not FDM. In FDM, signals are separated by frequency, not time.
3. Why 'c' is incorrect: Imperfect carrier recovery leads to phase jitter or frequency offset, which affects the demodulation quality of a single signal, but it does not cause the leakage of one channel into another (cross talk).
4. Why 'd' is incorrect: Channel noise (like AWGN) adds random interference to the signal, reducing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), but it is not the cause of cross talk, which is specifically the interference between two distinct communication channels.