← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
What is the name of the humanoid teacher introduced by a Kerala school?
A)
Robo
B)
Sophia
C)
Alexa
D)
Iris
In 2023, a school in Kerala (specifically in the Kasaragod district) introduced a humanoid robot named 'Iris' to assist teachers in the classroom. Iris is designed to interact with students, provide educational support, and facilitate learning through AI-driven interactions.
Analysis of other options:
- a. Robo: This is a generic term for robots and not the specific name of the humanoid teacher in Kerala.
- b. Sophia: Sophia is a world-famous social humanoid robot developed by Hanson Robotics, not specifically introduced as a teacher in a Kerala school.
- c. Alexa: Alexa is a virtual assistant developed by Amazon, primarily existing as software within smart speakers, not a humanoid robot teacher.
Which one of the following is the mascot for the khelo India Winter Games,2024
A)
Bengal Tiger
B)
Hangul
C)
Snow Leopard
D)
Arctic Fox
The Khelo India Winter Games 2024 were held in Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir. The mascot chosen for this edition of the games was the 'Hangul' (Kashmir Stag). The Hangul is a critically endangered subspecies of red deer found only in the Dachigam National Park of Jammu and Kashmir, making it a symbol of the region's unique biodiversity and natural heritage.
Analysis of other options:
- Bengal Tiger: While the national animal of India, it is not the mascot for the 2024 Winter Games.
- Snow Leopard: Often associated with high-altitude regions, but was not the official mascot for this specific event.
- Arctic Fox: Not native to the Indian subcontinent and therefore not used as a mascot for a national event in India.
Who advises the Government of India on legal matters?
A)
Attorney General
B)
Chief Justice of Supreme Court
C)
Chairman, Law Commission
D)
Chief Information Commissioner
The Attorney General for India is the chief legal advisor to the Government of India and is appointed by the President under Article 76 of the Constitution of India. The primary duties of the Attorney General include giving advice to the Government of India upon legal matters referred by the President and performing other duties of a legal character assigned by the President.
Why other options are incorrect:
- b. Chief Justice of Supreme Court: The CJI is the head of the judiciary and ensures the administration of justice; they do not act as a legal advisor to the executive branch to maintain the separation of powers.
- c. Chairman, Law Commission: The Law Commission is a non-statutory body that recommends reforms in the law of India; it does not provide day-to-day legal advice to the government on specific cases or matters.
- d. Chief Information Commissioner: This official heads the Central Information Commission and deals specifically with the Right to Information (RTI) Act, not general legal advisory for the government.
In Ecology, an ecotone is a/an:
A)
transition zone between two biomes
B)
community plus its physical environment
C)
association between a species and a group of sites
D)
distinct geographic variety within a species
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Definition of Ecotone**: In ecology, an ecotone is a transition area between two biological communities, where two different ecosystems meet and integrate. For example, a marshland is an ecotone between a terrestrial ecosystem and an aquatic ecosystem.
2. **Evaluating Option (a)**: This matches the definition perfectly. A transition zone between two biomes (or ecosystems) is the precise definition of an ecotone. These zones often exhibit higher biodiversity than either of the surrounding communities, a phenomenon known as the 'edge effect'.
3. **Evaluating Option (b)**: A community plus its physical environment is the definition of an **Ecosystem**, not an ecotone.
4. **Evaluating Option (c)**: An association between a species and a group of sites generally refers to a **distribution pattern** or a specific **habitat association**.
5. **Evaluating Option (d)**: A distinct geographic variety within a species is known as a **Subspecies** or a **Race**.
Therefore, option (a) is the only scientifically accurate answer.
What is Tyndall effect?
A)
Scattering of a beam of light by the particles of a suspension
B)
Refraction of a beam of light by the particles of a solution
C)
Reflection of a beam of light by the particles of a suspension
D)
Scattering of a beam of light by the particles of a colloid
The Tyndall effect is the phenomenon where a beam of light is scattered by particles in its path, making the beam visible. This occurs when the size of the particles is large enough to deflect the light but small enough to remain suspended.
1. Why Option (d) is correct: Colloidal particles (like milk in water or dust in air) have a size range (typically 1 to 1000 nanometers) that is ideal for scattering visible light. This is the classic definition of the Tyndall effect.
2. Why Option (a) is incorrect: While suspensions also scatter light, the Tyndall effect is specifically used as a characteristic test to distinguish colloids from true solutions. In a suspension, particles are often large enough to block light or settle down, whereas the Tyndall effect is the defining optical property of colloids.
3. Why Option (b) is incorrect: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another; it is not the cause of the Tyndall effect. Furthermore, true solutions do not exhibit the Tyndall effect because their particles are too small to scatter light.
4. Why Option (c) is incorrect: The phenomenon is based on scattering (light being sent in many directions), not simple specular reflection.
Who is the current Minister incharge of Power and Electricity in Mizoram??
A)
PuLalduhawma
B)
Pu Vanlalhlana
C)
Prof. Lalnilawma
D)
PuF Rodingliana
Based on the current cabinet allocation of the Government of Mizoram, Pu Vanlalhlana is the Minister in charge of the Power and Electricity Department.
Analysis of other options:
- Pu Lalduhawma is the Chief Minister of Mizoram and holds various key portfolios, but the specific charge of Power and Electricity is assigned to Pu Vanlalhlana.
- Prof. Lalnilawma and Pu F. Rodingliana hold other ministerial portfolios within the state cabinet, but they are not the ministers in charge of Power and Electricity.
What is the H-C-H bond angle in a methane molecule?
A)
120°
B)
75°
C)
109.5°
D)
150°
1. Methane (CH₄) consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
2. According to the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, the four pairs of bonding electrons around the central carbon atom repel each other to be as far apart as possible to minimize electrostatic repulsion.
3. This arrangement results in a tetrahedral geometry.
4. In a perfect tetrahedron, the angle between the bonds connecting the central atom to the vertices is mathematically calculated as approximately 109.47°, which is commonly rounded to 109.5°.
Analysis of other options:
- 120° is the bond angle for a trigonal planar geometry (e.g., BF₃).
- 75° and 150° are not standard bond angles for simple VSEPR molecular geometries.
What is the share provided by the Centre in implementation of Projects under “North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme” (NESIDS)?
A)
100%
B)
75%
C)
50%
D)
25%
The North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS) was launched by the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) to provide funding for infrastructure projects in the North Eastern states. According to the official guidelines of the scheme, the Central Government provides 100% of the funding for the implementation of projects approved under NESIDS. This is a departure from many other central schemes that follow a cost-sharing model (such as 60:40 or 90:10) between the Centre and the State, specifically to support the unique geographical and economic challenges of the North Eastern Region. Therefore, option (a) is correct, while options (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect as they suggest cost-sharing ratios that do not apply to this specific scheme.
According to the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, the term ‘Juvenile’ means:
A)
A child below the age of 21 years
B)
A child below the age of 20 years
C)
A child below the age of 18 years
D)
A child below the age of 16 years
Under Section 2(13) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, a 'juvenile' or a 'child' is defined as a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. This definition is consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and other Indian laws such as the POCSO Act.
- Option (a) 21 years is incorrect as it exceeds the legal definition of childhood/juvenility.
- Option (b) 20 years is incorrect as it is not the statutory threshold for this Act.
- Option (d) 16 years is incorrect; while certain provisions of the 2015 Act allow for children between 16 and 18 to be tried as adults in cases of heinous offenses (after a preliminary assessment), the general definition of a 'juvenile' remains anyone under 18.
Which cells in the human body have no nucleus?
A)
Muscle cells
B)
Phagocytic cells
C)
Red blood cells
D)
Ciliated cells
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Analysis of Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes):** In mammals, mature red blood cells undergo a process called enucleation, where they expel their nucleus. This adaptation provides more internal space for hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen, and allows the cell to assume a biconcave shape, which increases the surface area for gas exchange and improves flexibility to squeeze through narrow capillaries.
2. **Evaluation of other options:**
- **Muscle cells:** These are nucleated. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated (syncytia) to manage the protein synthesis required for large cells.
- **Phagocytic cells:** These are a type of white blood cell (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils). All white blood cells possess a nucleus to regulate their complex immune functions.
- **Ciliated cells:** These are specialized epithelial cells (found in the respiratory tract or fallopian tubes) that contain a nucleus to control the production and maintenance of cilia.
Therefore, red blood cells are the only cells among the options that lack a nucleus upon maturity.
Which of the following is the most populous city in the world?
A)
Shanghai, China
B)
New York, USA
C)
Delhi, India
D)
Tokyo, Japan
When determining the most populous city, geographers and international organizations (such as the United Nations) typically look at the 'Urban Agglomeration' (the city center plus the surrounding suburban areas). According to the UN World Urbanization Prospects, Tokyo, Japan, consistently ranks as the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with a population exceeding 37 million people.
Comparing the options:
- Tokyo, Japan: The largest urban agglomeration globally.
- Delhi, India: Ranks as one of the top three largest, but generally trails Tokyo in total metropolitan population.
- Shanghai, China: One of the largest cities by city-proper population, but smaller than Tokyo's metropolitan area.
- New York, USA: A major global hub, but significantly smaller in population compared to the top Asian megacities.
The RPwD Act, 2016 covered...
A)
7 types of Disabilities
B)
14 types of Disabilities
C)
18 types of Disabilities
D)
21 types of Disabilites
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 was enacted by the Government of India to replace the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995. One of the most significant changes introduced by the 2016 Act was the expansion of the list of recognized disabilities. While the 1995 Act recognized only 7 types of disabilities, the RPwD Act 2016 increased this number to 21. These 21 disabilities include physical disabilities (locomotor, visual, hearing), intellectual disabilities, mental illness, and specific conditions such as leprosy, dwarfism, acid attack victims, and blood disorders like Thalassemia, Hemophilia, and Sickle Cell disease. Therefore, option (d) is correct, and options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect as they do not reflect the current legal framework established by the 2016 Act.
Which of the following leads to termination of session of house?
A)
Adjournment
B)
Adjournment sine die
C)
Prorogation
D)
Dissolution
To understand the correct answer, it is essential to distinguish between the different terms used for suspending or ending the proceedings of a legislative house:
1. **Adjournment (Option a):** This is a short break in the sitting of the house. It terminates a sitting for a specified time (hours, days, or weeks), but not the session. It is ordered by the presiding officer.
2. **Adjournment sine die (Option b):** 'Sine die' means 'without assigning a day'. This terminates a sitting of the house indefinitely, but it does not terminate the session itself.
3. **Prorogation (Option c):** This is the act of terminating a session of the house. It is done by the head of the state (e.g., the President of India or the Governor of a state). While it ends the session, it does not dissolve the house; pending bills usually do not lapse upon prorogation.
4. **Dissolution (Option d):** This is the most drastic action. It not only terminates the session but also ends the life of the house itself (e.g., the Lok Sabha). After dissolution, fresh elections must be held.
Since the question specifically asks what leads to the termination of a 'session' (rather than a 'sitting' or the 'house' itself), Prorogation is the correct technical term.
Who was called the Iron Man of India
A)
Subhas Chandra Bose
B)
Bipin Chandra Pal
C)
Lala Lajpat Rai
D)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is known as the 'Iron Man of India' due to his uncompromising commitment to national integration and his decisive role in the political integration of over 560 princely states into the Indian Union after independence in 1947.
Analysis of other options:
- a. Subhas Chandra Bose: Known as 'Netaji', he led the Indian National Army (INA) to fight against British rule.
- b. Bipin Chandra Pal: One of the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio, he was a key leader of the Swadeshi movement.
- c. Lala Lajpat Rai: Also part of the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio, known as 'Punjab Kesari'.
The full form of Chat GPT is
A)
Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer
B)
Chat Generative Post-Trained Translator
C)
Chat Generalize Post-Trained Transformer
D)
Chat Generalize Pre-Trained Transformer
ChatGPT is an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI. The acronym GPT stands for:
1. **Generative**: It can generate new content (text) based on the patterns it has learned.
2. **Pre-Trained**: The model was trained on a massive dataset of text from the internet before being fine-tuned for specific tasks.
3. **Transformer**: It uses a specific neural network architecture called a 'Transformer', which allows the model to understand the context and relationships between words in a sentence regardless of their distance from each other.
Comparing this to the options:
- Option (b) is incorrect because it uses 'Post-Trained' and 'Translator'.
- Option (c) is incorrect because it uses 'Generalize' and 'Post-Trained'.
- Option (d) is incorrect because it uses 'Generalize'.
Arundhati Bhattacharya is the first woman Chairperson of
A)
ICICI
B)
SBI
C)
Axis Bank
D)
Canara Bank
Arundhati Bhattacharya served as the Chairperson of the State Bank of India (SBI) from October 1, 2013, to October 22, 2017. She was the first woman to hold this prestigious position in the history of India's largest public sector bank.
Analysis of other options:
- ICICI: While ICICI has had prominent women leaders (such as Chanda Kochhar as CEO), Arundhati Bhattacharya was not the first woman Chairperson of ICICI.
- Axis Bank and Canara Bank: She has never served as the Chairperson of these institutions.
How many High Courts are constituted in India?
A)
14
B)
19
C)
20
D)
25
As per the current judicial structure of India, there are 25 High Courts. The 25th High Court is the Andhra Pradesh High Court, which was established following the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in 2019. Under Article 214 of the Indian Constitution, each state is entitled to a High Court, although the Parliament can extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to a Union Territory or establish a common High Court for two or more states. Therefore, while there are 28 states, some share High Courts, resulting in a total of 25. Options a, b, and c are incorrect as they represent outdated numbers of High Courts from previous decades.
Thomas Cup is related to which among the following sports?
A)
Table Tennis
B)
Lawn Tennis
C)
Badminton
D)
Golf
The Thomas Cup is the world men's team championship in badminton. It is held every two years and is the counterpart to the Uber Cup, which is the world women's team championship in badminton.
Analysis of other options:
- Table Tennis: Major championships include the World Table Tennis Championships.
- Lawn Tennis: Major championships include the four Grand Slams (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open) and the Davis Cup (men's team) and Billie Jean King Cup (women's team).
- Golf: Major championships include the Masters, U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and PGA Championship.
India signs agreement for Lithium exploration and Mining project with
A)
Brazil
B)
Australia
C)
Argentina
D)
Chile
In January 2024, India signed a significant agreement with Argentina for the exploration and mining of lithium. The agreement was signed between KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Ltd), a joint venture of three public sector undertakings (NALCO, HCL, and MECL), and the Argentine government. Argentina is part of the 'Lithium Triangle' (along with Chile and Bolivia), which holds some of the world's largest lithium reserves. This strategic move is aimed at securing a steady supply of lithium to support India's transition toward electric vehicles (EVs) and green energy storage. While Australia is a major lithium producer and Chile has vast reserves, the specific recent agreement for exploration and mining projects highlighted in current affairs for 2024 pertains to Argentina.
One of the objectives of NAMASTE Scheme is
A)
Promoting Rain water harvesting in urban areas of India
B)
Enhancing urban infrastructure development
C)
Providing financial assistance for urban housing projects
D)
Promotion of safe and mechanised cleaning of sewers and septic tanks through trained and certified sanitation workers
The NAMASTE scheme stands for 'National Action for Mechanised Sanitation Ecosystem'. It was launched by the Government of India (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs) with the primary goal of eliminating hazardous cleaning of sewers and septic tanks. The scheme focuses on transitioning sanitation workers from hazardous manual cleaning to safe, mechanized cleaning by providing them with training, certification, and access to mechanized equipment.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a) refers to water conservation initiatives (like the Atal Bhujal Yojana or various urban rain harvesting policies), not NAMASTE.
- Option (b) is a general objective of various urban development missions (like AMRUT), but not the specific focus of NAMASTE.
- Option (c) refers to housing schemes such as PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana).
Who was the first Indian to win a Nobel prize in physics?
A)
Subramanyam Chandrashekhar
B)
Venkat Ramakrishnan
C)
Har Gobind Khorana
D)
CV Raman
Sir C.V. Raman was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. He was awarded the prize in 1930 for his discovery of the 'Raman Effect' (the inelastic scattering of photons), which proved that when a beam of light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength.
Analysis of other options:
- a. Subramanyan Chandrasekhar: Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his theoretical studies of the structure and evolution of stars (Chandrasekhar limit), but he was not the first.
- b. Venkat Ramakrishnan: Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.
- c. Har Gobind Khorana: Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for his work on the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
Which Organisation publishes worldwide list of endangered species?
A)
International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)
B)
World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)
C)
United Nation Environmnent Programme(UNEP)
D)
United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)
The correct answer is the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The IUCN publishes the 'IUCN Red List of Threatened Species', which is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. It uses a set of quantitative criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies.
Why other options are incorrect:
- b. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): While WWF is a major conservation organization that works to protect endangered species, it does not maintain the official global scientific list of extinction risks.
- c. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): UNEP is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, but the specific task of listing endangered species is delegated to the IUCN.
- d. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): UNDP focuses on sustainable development, poverty eradication, and democratic governance, rather than the biological classification of endangered species.
The world’s first portable hospital ‘Aarogya Maitri Aid Cube’ was unveiled on December 2, 2023 in
A)
Bangalore
B)
Gurugram
C)
Mumbai
D)
Kolkata
The 'Aarogya Maitri Aid Cube' is the world's first portable hospital, designed to be deployed rapidly in disaster-hit areas or remote locations to provide critical healthcare services. It was officially unveiled on December 2, 2023, in Gurugram, Haryana. The project is a collaborative effort involving the Ministry of External Affairs (India) and other partners to enhance India's capacity for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations globally. Therefore, option (b) Gurugram is the correct location of the unveiling.
Who is the Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum?
A)
Narendra Modi
B)
Klaus Schwab
C)
Francois Hollande
D)
Borge Brende
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental and lobbying organization based in Cologny, Switzerland. It was founded in 1971 by Professor Klaus Schwab, a German engineer and economist. Professor Schwab has served as the Executive Chairman since the organization's inception, leading its mission to improve the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society.
Analysis of other options:
- Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of India.
- Francois Hollande is the former President of France.
- Borge Brende is the President of the World Economic Forum (while he holds a high leadership role, Klaus Schwab is the founder and Executive Chairman).
The words ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ were made a part of the Preamble by:
A)
41st amendment
B)
44th amendment
C)
46th amendment
D)
42nd amendment
The Preamble to the Constitution of India has been amended only once. This occurred through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976, enacted during the Emergency under the government of Indira Gandhi. This amendment added three new words to the Preamble: 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity'.
Analysis of options:
- Option (a) 41st amendment: Not related to the Preamble.
- Option (b) 44th amendment: Enacted in 1978 to undo some of the excesses of the 42nd amendment and restore civil liberties, but it did not remove the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' from the Preamble.
- Option (c) 46th amendment: Not related to the Preamble.
- Option (d) 42nd amendment: Correct. It is often called the 'Mini-Constitution' due to the vast number of changes it introduced, including the addition of 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble.