← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions — 2015
This topology requires multipoint connection
A)
Bus
B)
Ring
C)
Star
D)
Mesh
In a bus topology, all devices share a single communication line, so it uses a multipoint connection. Ring, star, and mesh topologies are generally based on point-to-point links between devices or through a central node, not a shared multipoint backbone.
When 2 or more bits in a data unit has been changed during the transmission, the error is called
A)
Burst error
B)
Random error
C)
Bit error
D)
Inverted error
A burst error occurs when two or more bits in a data unit are changed during transmission. It usually affects a sequence of bits, not just a single isolated bit. A bit error refers to a change in one bit only, while random error is not the standard term for this specific pattern. 'Inverted error' is not the correct networking term here.
Which of the following is a project scheduling method that can be applied to software development?
A)
PERT
B)
CMM
C)
CPM
D)
Both (a) and (c)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are both project scheduling techniques used to plan, sequence, and monitor project activities, including software development projects. CMM (Capability Maturity Model) is not a scheduling method; it is a process maturity framework for assessing and improving software process capability. Therefore, the correct answer is Both (a) and (c).
What is a disjoint less constraint?
A)
It requires that an entity belongs to no more than one level entity set.
B)
The same entity may belong to more than one level.
C)
The database must contain an unmatched foreign key value.
D)
An entity can be joined with another entity in the same level entity set.
In an EER (Enhanced Entity-Relationship) model, a disjoint constraint means an entity instance can participate in only one of the subclass/entity sets in a specialization hierarchy. So an entity belongs to no more than one level entity set. Option (b) describes an overlapping constraint, while (c) and (d) are unrelated to disjointness.
In the spiral model ‘risk analysis’ is performed
A)
in the first loop
B)
in the first and second loop
C)
before using spiral model
D)
in every loop
In the spiral model, each cycle (loop) includes risk analysis as a core activity. The model is risk-driven, so risks are identified, analyzed, and resolved in every iteration before moving to the next phase. Hence, risk analysis is performed in every loop. Options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect because risk analysis is not limited to only the first loop or done only before starting the model.
What defines how and where data are organised in physical data storage?
A)
Internal schema
B)
Conceptual schema
C)
External schema
D)
None of these
In the three-schema architecture of DBMS, the internal schema describes the physical storage of data—how data are organized and where they are stored in the database system. The conceptual schema describes the overall logical structure of the database, and the external schema describes user views. Therefore, the correct answer is Internal schema.
In CSMA/CD the transmission is deferred for a period of time called
A)
Interpacket Space
B)
Interframe Space
C)
Intermessage space
D)
Transmission delay
In CSMA/CD, after the medium becomes idle, a station waits for a short deferment period before transmitting. This waiting time is commonly referred to as the interpacket space. The other options are not the standard term used for CSMA/CD deferment.
An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is a
A)
Strong entity set
B)
Weak entity set
C)
Simple entity set
D)
Primary entity set
A weak entity set does not have enough attributes to form its own primary key. It depends on a related strong entity set for identification, using a partial key plus the key of the owner entity. A strong entity set, on the other hand, has its own primary key. 'Simple entity set' and 'primary entity set' are not the correct standard terms here.
In the system concepts, the term integration
A)
Implies structure and order
B)
Refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system
C)
Means that parts of computer system depends on one another
D)
Refers to the holism of systems
In system concepts, integration means how the different components of a system work together and interact with one another as a whole. Option (b) states this directly. Option (a) describes structure/order, (c) describes interdependence, and (d) refers to holism, which is a broader systems idea but not the specific meaning of integration.
The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.
A)
Protocol
B)
Signal
C)
Medium
D)
None of these
In computer networks, the physical path used to carry a message from sender to receiver is called the transmission medium or simply medium. A protocol is a set of rules for communication, and a signal is the actual electrical/optical/radio representation of data, not the path itself. Therefore, the correct answer is Medium.
A computer that connect two networks is
A)
Gateway
B)
Link
C)
Hub
D)
None of these
A gateway is a device that connects two different networks and can translate between different network protocols. A hub only connects devices within the same network, and a link is just a communication path, not a connecting device. Therefore, the correct answer is Gateway.
Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the _______ of a network.
A)
Performance
B)
Reliability
C)
Security
D)
None of these
Frequency of failure and the time taken by a network to recover after failure are standard measures of how dependable the network is, i.e., its reliability. Performance refers to speed/throughput/delay, and security refers to protection against unauthorized access, not failure behavior.
A complex low pass signal has a bandwidth of 100kHz. What is the minimum sampling rate for this signal?
A)
100,000
B)
200,000
C)
400,000
D)
800,000
For a low-pass signal, the Nyquist sampling theorem says the minimum sampling rate must be at least twice the bandwidth (highest frequency component). Here the bandwidth is 100 kHz, so minimum sampling rate = 2 × 100 kHz = 200 kHz = 200,000 samples/second. Therefore, option (b) is correct. The other options are either too low or unnecessarily high.
A primary key combined with a foreign key creates
A)
Parent-Child relationship between the tables that connect them
B)
Many to many relationship between the tables that connect them
C)
Network model between the tables that connect them
D)
None of these
A primary key uniquely identifies a record in one table, and a foreign key in another table refers to that primary key. This creates a one-to-many link, commonly described as a parent-child relationship: the parent table holds the primary key, and the child table holds the foreign key. Many-to-many relationships require a junction table, so option (b) is incorrect. Network model is unrelated here, so (c) is incorrect.
Which of the following is the process of increasing redundancy in the database either for convenience or to improve performance?
A)
Normalisation
B)
Optimisation
C)
Dependency
D)
Denormalisation
Denormalisation is the process of intentionally adding redundancy to a database to improve read performance or simplify queries. Normalisation does the opposite: it reduces redundancy and avoids update anomalies. Optimisation is a general performance-improvement term, not specifically about increasing redundancy. Dependency refers to a relationship between attributes, not the process described here.
A system program that combines the separately compiled modules of a program into a form suitable for execution
A)
Assembler
B)
Linking loader
C)
Cross compiler
D)
None of these
A linking loader takes separately compiled object modules, links them together, resolves external references, and loads the combined program into memory in executable form. An assembler translates assembly language into machine code, and a cross compiler compiles code for a different target machine. Therefore, the correct answer is Linking loader.
An object is
A)
a variable of class datatype.
B)
same as a class.
C)
just like a global variable.
D)
collection of data-members and member functions.
In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint, and an object is an instance of that class. So an object can be thought of as a variable of class datatype. Option (b) is wrong because a class and an object are not the same. Option (c) is wrong because an object is not a global variable. Option (d) describes a class, not an object.
A page fault occurs when
A)
a page gives inconsistent data
B)
a page cannot be accessed due to its absence from memory
C)
a page is invisible
D)
All of the above
A page fault occurs when a process tries to access a page that is not currently in main memory (RAM). The operating system then brings the required page from secondary storage into memory. Option (a) is incorrect because inconsistency of data is not the definition of a page fault, and (c) is unrelated. Therefore, (d) is also incorrect.
What is the output of following program code? #include <iostream> using namespace std; int fun(int=0, int=0); int main() { cout << fun(5); return 0; } int fun(int x, int y) { return (x+y); }
A)
Compile error
B)
5
C)
0
D)
10
The function is declared as `int fun(int=0, int=0);`, so both parameters have default values. In `main()`, the call `fun(5)` passes `x = 5` and uses the default value `y = 0`. Therefore, the function returns `5 + 0 = 5`. So the output is `5`.
What is the mounting of file system?
A)
creating of a file system
B)
removing portion of the file system into a directory structure
C)
attaching portion of the file system into a directory structure
D)
deleting a file system
Mounting a file system means making a file system accessible by attaching it to an existing directory tree at a mount point. It does not create, delete, or remove the file system. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
The Java compiler translates source code into
A)
Machine code
B)
Assembly code
C)
Byte code
D)
JVM code
The Java compiler (javac) translates Java source code into bytecode, which is stored in .class files. This bytecode is then executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is not translated directly into machine code or assembly code by the compiler, and 'JVM code' is not the standard term.
What is use of eof()?
A)
Returns true if a file open for reading has reached the next character.
B)
Returns true if a file open for reading has reached the next word.
C)
Returns true if a file open for reading has reached the end.
D)
Returns true if a file open for reading has reached the middle.
In C++ file handling, eof() stands for end-of-file. It returns true when the input stream has reached the end of the file, meaning no more characters can be read. Option (a) is incorrect because eof() does not indicate the next character specifically; (b) is incorrect because it has nothing to do with words; and (d) is incorrect because there is no concept of a file 'middle' in eof().
What is the name given to the process of converting each primitive from its geometric definition into set of pixels that make up the primitive in the image space?
A)
Rasterization
B)
Scan conversion
C)
(b) only
D)
Both (a) and (b)
The process of converting a geometric primitive such as a line, circle, or polygon into the corresponding set of pixels in image space is called rasterization or scan conversion. In computer graphics, these two terms are commonly used interchangeably. Hence, both (a) Rasterization and (b) Scan conversion are correct.
If a line is drawn from A(5,5) to B(13,9) using Bresenham’s Algorithm.Then, if the first pixel is (5,5) then the second pixel is
A)
(7,6)
B)
(6,6)
C)
(8,7)
D)
(9,7)
For the line from A(5,5) to B(13,9), the slope is (9-5)/(13-5) = 4/8 = 0.5, so Bresenham’s algorithm is applied with 0 < m < 1.
Here, dx = 8 and dy = 4.
Initial decision parameter:
p0 = 2dy - dx = 8 - 8 = 0.
Starting pixel is (5,5).
Since p0 = 0, the next step chooses the pixel one unit to the right and one unit up, i.e. (6,6).
So the second pixel is (6,6).
Why others are wrong:
- (7,6) skips a step in x.
- (8,7) and (9,7) are further along the line, not the immediate next pixel.
Polymorphism is achieved by
A)
Overloading
B)
Encapsulation
C)
Dynamic Binding
D)
Overriding
Polymorphism means one interface, many forms. In OOP, it is commonly achieved through method overloading and method overriding. Since the question asks for a single best answer and the standard exam answer is that polymorphism is achieved by overloading, option (a) is correct. Encapsulation is about data hiding, not polymorphism. Dynamic binding and overriding are related to runtime polymorphism, but among the given options, overloading is the expected answer.