← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions — 2022
A plane EM wave at an oblique incidence at Brewster angle then the reflected wave will be :
A)
Purely parallel polarized
B)
Purely perpendicular polarized
C)
Both
D)
Neither of the two
1. Brewster's Angle Definition: Brewster's angle ($ heta_B$) is the specific angle of incidence at which light (or an EM wave) with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface with zero reflection.
2. Parallel Polarization (p-polarization): When an EM wave is polarized parallel to the plane of incidence, and it strikes the interface at the Brewster angle, the reflection coefficient for this polarization becomes zero. This means the reflected wave contains no parallel polarized component.
3. Perpendicular Polarization (s-polarization): The Brewster effect only applies to the parallel component. The perpendicular component (polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence) is always partially reflected, regardless of whether the angle is the Brewster angle or not.
4. Conclusion: If a general plane EM wave (containing both parallel and perpendicular components) hits a surface at the Brewster angle, the parallel component is completely transmitted, and only the perpendicular component is reflected. Therefore, the reflected wave is purely perpendicular polarized.
Phase lag network :
A)
Maintains constant velocity gain
B)
Increases bandwidth
C)
Decreases system stability
D)
Decreases velocity gain
A phase lag compensator is primarily used to improve the steady-state accuracy of a system without significantly changing its transient response.
1. **Steady-State Error and Gain**: A phase lag network provides a high DC gain, which reduces the steady-state error. However, it does so by attenuating the high-frequency gain.
2. **Velocity Gain (Kv)**: In the context of control systems, the velocity error constant (Kv) is related to the gain at low frequencies. While a lag compensator is designed to increase the static error constant (like Kv) relative to the open-loop gain, the actual effect of the lag network's transfer function (which has a pole closer to the origin than its zero) is to attenuate the gain at higher frequencies.
3. **Bandwidth**: A phase lag network decreases the bandwidth of the system, which helps in noise rejection but slows down the response. This contradicts option (b).
4. **Stability**: By reducing the bandwidth and shifting the crossover frequency to a lower value where the phase margin is typically higher, it generally improves or maintains stability rather than decreasing it. This contradicts option (c).
5. **Velocity Gain Analysis**: The transfer function of a lag compensator is $G_c(s) = rac{s + 1/T}{s + 1/eta T}$ where $eta > 1$. The attenuation factor is $1/eta$. This attenuation reduces the gain across the frequency spectrum above the very low-frequency range, effectively decreasing the 'velocity' of the system's response (slowing it down) and reducing the gain at the crossover frequency. In many technical contexts for competitive exams, the 'decrease in velocity gain' refers to this attenuation of the gain at higher frequencies to ensure stability and noise suppression.
Two thin parallel wires are carrying current in the same direction. The force experienced between them is :
A)
Repulsive
B)
No force exists
C)
Attractive
D)
Perpendicular to their axis joining wires
The force between two parallel current-carrying conductors can be explained using Ampere's Law and the Lorentz Force Law.
1. **Magnetic Field Generation**: According to Ampere's Law, a current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field around it. For a wire carrying current I₁, the magnetic field (B₁) at the location of the second wire is circular and perpendicular to the wire.
2. **Force Calculation**: The force (F) experienced by the second wire carrying current I₂ in the presence of the magnetic field B₁ is given by the formula F = I₂ (L × B₁), where L is the length of the wire.
3. **Direction (Right-Hand Rule)**:
- If the currents are in the **same direction**, the magnetic field produced by the first wire interacts with the current of the second wire such that the resulting force is directed toward the first wire.
- Conversely, if the currents are in opposite directions, the force is directed away from the other wire.
Therefore, parallel currents flowing in the same direction attract each other, while currents flowing in opposite directions repel each other.
- Option (a) is incorrect because repulsion occurs with opposite currents.
- Option (b) is incorrect because a magnetic field is present, thus a force must exist.
- Option (d) is incorrect because the force acts along the line joining the two wires, not perpendicular to it.
The memory technology which needs the least power is :
A)
ECL
B)
TTL
C)
MOS
D)
CMOS
To determine which technology consumes the least power, we must analyze the power dissipation characteristics of each logic family:
1. **ECL (Emitter-Coupled Logic):** This is the fastest logic family but consumes the most power because its transistors operate in the active region and draw constant current regardless of the state.
2. **TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic):** Uses Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs). It consumes significantly less power than ECL but much more than MOS-based technologies because it requires constant current to maintain logic levels.
3. **MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor):** Specifically referring to NMOS or PMOS. While they consume less power than TTL, they often have static power dissipation when the output is low (in NMOS).
4. **CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor):** This technology uses both p-type and n-type MOSFETs in complementary pairs. The key advantage is that in a steady state (logic 0 or 1), one of the transistors is always OFF, meaning there is virtually no static current flow from the supply to the ground. Power is consumed primarily during switching (dynamic power). Therefore, CMOS has the lowest overall power consumption.
Conclusion: CMOS is the industry standard for low-power memory (like SRAM and DRAM) and microprocessors due to its minimal static power dissipation.
If input frequency is 50Hz then ripple frequency of center tapped full wave rectifier will be equal to :
A)
100Hz
B)
50Hz
C)
25Hz
D)
500Hz
1. Understanding the Rectifier Type: A center-tapped full-wave rectifier utilizes two diodes to convert both the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC input into a unidirectional (DC) output.
2. Analysis of the Waveform: In a half-wave rectifier, only one half-cycle is passed, so the output frequency equals the input frequency. However, in a full-wave rectifier, the negative half-cycle is 'flipped' to become positive. This means for every one cycle of the input AC signal, there are two pulses (peaks) in the output DC signal.
3. Mathematical Calculation: The ripple frequency (f_ripple) for a full-wave rectifier is given by the formula: f_ripple = 2 × f_input. Given that the input frequency (f_input) is 50Hz, the ripple frequency is 2 × 50Hz = 100Hz.
4. Evaluation of Options:
- Option (a) 100Hz is correct based on the full-wave rectification principle.
- Option (b) 50Hz would be correct for a half-wave rectifier.
- Option (c) 25Hz and (d) 500Hz are mathematically incorrect for this circuit configuration.
Which one of the following is a wideband amplifier?
A)
RF amplifier
B)
IF amplifier
C)
Video amplifier
D)
AF amplifier
A wideband amplifier is one that can amplify a broad range of frequencies without significant attenuation or phase distortion.
1. **Video Amplifier (Option c):** Video signals contain a very wide range of frequencies (from near DC up to several MHz) to maintain the detail and sharpness of the image. Therefore, video amplifiers are specifically designed as wideband amplifiers to handle this extensive bandwidth.
2. **AF (Audio Frequency) Amplifier (Option d):** These operate in the range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. While essential, this range is very narrow compared to video or RF signals.
3. **IF (Intermediate Frequency) Amplifier (Option b):** These are designed to amplify a very specific, narrow band of frequencies centered around the intermediate frequency (e.g., 455 kHz for AM radio) to ensure selectivity. They are narrow-band amplifiers.
4. **RF (Radio Frequency) Amplifier (Option a):** While they operate at high frequencies, they are typically designed to amplify a specific carrier frequency or a narrow band around it to avoid interference from adjacent channels. They are generally considered narrow-band compared to video amplifiers.
A transistor circuit employing base bias with collector feedback has greater stability than the one without feedback. It is because of :
A)
Reduction of Ic in magnitude
B)
Ic becoming independent of b
C)
Negative feedback effect
D)
Reduction of VBE
In a collector feedback bias circuit, the base resistor is connected to the collector instead of the supply voltage (Vcc). This creates a feedback loop where the collector voltage controls the base current.
1. **Mechanism**: If the collector current (Ic) increases (due to an increase in temperature or a change in beta β), the voltage at the collector (Vc) decreases because of the voltage drop across the collector resistor (Rc).
2. **Feedback Loop**: Since the base resistor is connected to the collector, a decrease in Vc leads to a decrease in the base current (Ib).
3. **Stabilization**: A decrease in Ib, in turn, causes a decrease in Ic. This opposing action (an increase in Ic leading to a subsequent decrease in Ic) is the definition of negative feedback.
Comparing the options:
- Option (a) is incorrect because the goal is not to reduce the magnitude of Ic, but to keep it stable.
- Option (b) is incorrect because while feedback improves stability, Ic still depends on beta, though it is less sensitive to its variations than in a fixed bias circuit.
- Option (d) is incorrect because VBE is primarily determined by the PN junction properties and is not the mechanism providing stability in this configuration.
- Option (c) is correct as the negative feedback mechanism actively compensates for fluctuations in Ic.
Which characteristic of IC in Digital Circuits represents a function of the switching time of a particular transistor?
A)
Fan – out
B)
Fan – in
C)
Power dissipation
D)
Propagation delay
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the IC characteristic that is a function of the switching time of the transistors within the circuit. Switching time refers to the time it takes for a transistor to change its state from 'OFF' to 'ON' or vice versa.
2. **Analyzing Option (d) Propagation Delay**: Propagation delay is the time interval between the application of an input signal and the resulting change in the output signal. Since digital ICs are composed of transistors acting as switches, the total time it takes for a signal to pass through a gate depends directly on the switching speed (rise time and fall time) of those transistors. Therefore, propagation delay is a direct function of the switching time.
3. **Analyzing Option (a) Fan-out**: Fan-out refers to the maximum number of digital inputs that the output of a single logic gate can feed without degrading the signal. This is a function of current-driving capability, not switching time.
4. **Analyzing Option (b) Fan-in**: Fan-in is the number of inputs a logic gate can handle. This is a structural characteristic of the gate design, not a function of switching time.
5. **Analyzing Option (c) Power Dissipation**: Power dissipation is the amount of power consumed by the IC, which depends on supply voltage, current, and switching frequency (dynamic power), but it is a measure of energy loss rather than a time-based function of a single transistor's switching speed.
Conclusion: Propagation delay is the only parameter among the options that describes the temporal lag caused by the switching characteristics of the internal transistors.
Which of the following is not a characteristics of negative feedback system?
A)
Rejection of disturbance signal
B)
High sensitivity to parameter variations
C)
Reduction in gain
D)
Accuracy in tracking steady state value
In a control system, negative feedback is used to improve the performance and stability of the system. Let's analyze the characteristics of negative feedback:
1. **Rejection of disturbance signal (Option a):** Negative feedback reduces the effect of external disturbances on the output, making the system more robust. This is a characteristic of negative feedback.
2. **Sensitivity to parameter variations (Option b):** Sensitivity ($S$) is defined as the ratio of the fractional change in the closed-loop transfer function to the fractional change in a parameter of the open-loop transfer function. For a negative feedback system, $S = 1 / (1 + GH)$, where $GH$ is the loop gain. Since $(1 + GH) > 1$, the sensitivity is significantly reduced. Therefore, negative feedback leads to LOW sensitivity, not high sensitivity.
3. **Reduction in gain (Option c):** The closed-loop gain is $A_{CL} = A / (1 + AH)$. Since the denominator is greater than 1, the overall gain of the system decreases compared to the open-loop gain. This is a characteristic of negative feedback.
4. **Accuracy in tracking steady state value (Option d):** By reducing the steady-state error (especially in systems with high loop gain), negative feedback improves the accuracy with which the output tracks the reference input. This is a characteristic of negative feedback.
Since the question asks which is NOT a characteristic, option (b) is the correct answer because negative feedback decreases sensitivity.
Presence of emitter bypass capacitor adversely affects the :
A)
Low frequency response
B)
Medium frequency response
C)
High frequency response
D)
Complete frequency response
In a BJT amplifier, the emitter bypass capacitor (Ce) is used to provide a low-impedance path for the AC signal to ground, preventing negative feedback (degeneration) and thereby increasing the voltage gain. However, the reactance of a capacitor is given by Xc = 1 / (2πfC). At very low frequencies (f), the reactance Xc becomes very high. When Xc increases, the capacitor no longer effectively bypasses the emitter resistor (Re) to ground. This introduces negative feedback, which significantly reduces the voltage gain at low frequencies. Therefore, the presence of the bypass capacitor (and its associated RC time constant with the emitter resistance) creates a lower cutoff frequency, which adversely affects the low-frequency response of the amplifier.
- Medium frequency response: In this range, the capacitor acts as a short circuit, and the gain is stable (maximum).
- High frequency response: This is primarily affected by internal junction capacitances (Miller effect) and stray capacitances, not the emitter bypass capacitor.
- Complete frequency response: While it affects the overall curve, the specific 'adverse' effect (the roll-off) occurs specifically at the low-frequency end.
In a class B amplifier, it is found that DC power is 25W, find the ac power.
A)
10 W
B)
62.5 W
C)
25 W
D)
50 W
In a Class B push-pull amplifier, the maximum theoretical efficiency occurs when the output voltage swing is maximum. The formula for the maximum efficiency (η) of a Class B amplifier is given by: η = (π / 4) * 100% ≈ 78.5%. Efficiency is defined as the ratio of AC output power (Pac) to the DC input power (Pdc). Therefore, Pac = η * Pdc. Given Pdc = 25W, the maximum AC power is Pac = 0.785 * 25W = 19.625W. However, in practical competitive exam contexts for this specific question, the efficiency is often calculated based on the average power delivered to the load relative to the DC supply. If we look at the options provided, 10W represents an efficiency of 40% (10/25), which is a realistic operating efficiency for many Class B circuits. More importantly, if the question implies a specific operating point or a standard textbook example where efficiency is taken as approximately 40% (or if the power is calculated as Pac = (Pdc * π) / 4 but adjusted for losses), 10W is the most plausible answer among the choices. Options b, c, and d are physically impossible because the AC output power cannot exceed the DC input power (which would imply efficiency > 100%). Since Pac must be less than Pdc (25W), options b (62.5W), c (25W - only possible at 100% efficiency), and d (50W) are eliminated. Thus, by process of elimination and basic power constraints, 10W is the only logically possible answer.
Sum of product form can be implemented by using :
A)
AND-OR
B)
NAND-NAND
C)
NOR-NOR
D)
Both a and b
1. Sum of Products (SOP) form consists of several product terms (AND gates) that are then summed together (OR gate). Therefore, the most direct implementation of an SOP expression is an AND-OR configuration.
2. According to Boolean algebra and De Morgan's Laws, a NAND gate is a universal gate. An AND-OR circuit can be converted into a NAND-NAND circuit without changing the logic function. Specifically, the first level of AND gates is replaced by NAND gates, and the second level OR gate is replaced by a NAND gate. The double inversion (bubbles) at the connection between the levels cancel each other out.
3. Conversely, a Product of Sums (POS) form is implemented using OR-AND or NOR-NOR configurations.
4. Since SOP can be implemented by both AND-OR and NAND-NAND logic, option 'd' is the correct choice.
What is the characteristic of a good control system?
A)
Insensitive to the parameter variation but sensitive to the input commands
B)
Neither sensitive to parameter variations nor sensitive to input commands
C)
Insensitive to the input command
D)
Sensitive to parameter variation
In control system engineering, a 'good' or 'ideal' control system is characterized by its ability to track a desired input accurately while remaining robust against internal changes or external disturbances.
1. **Sensitivity to Input Commands**: A control system must be highly sensitive to the input (reference signal). This ensures that the system responds quickly and accurately to the user's commands, minimizing the steady-state error between the desired output and the actual output.
2. **Insensitivity to Parameter Variation**: Parameters of a system (such as resistance, capacitance, or mass) can change over time due to aging, temperature fluctuations, or manufacturing tolerances. A good system should be 'robust,' meaning its performance (stability and accuracy) should not degrade significantly when these internal parameters vary.
Evaluating the options:
- Option (a) correctly identifies both requirements: high sensitivity to the command and low sensitivity (insensitivity) to parameter changes.
- Option (b) is incorrect because a system that is not sensitive to input commands would not follow the desired setpoint.
- Option (c) is incorrect for the same reason as (b).
- Option (d) is incorrect because sensitivity to parameter variation leads to instability or inconsistent performance.
The incoming solar radiation at a place on the surface of the earth is 1.2 KW/m2 . The amplitude of the electric field corresponding to this incident power is nearly equal to :
A)
80 mV / m
B)
2.5 V / m
C)
30 V /m
D)
950 V / m
To find the amplitude of the electric field from the incident solar radiation (power density), we use the formula for the intensity (Poynting vector magnitude) of an electromagnetic wave in free space:
1. **Formula**: The average power density (Intensity, I) is given by:
I = (1/2) * ε₀ * c * E₀²
Where:
- I = 1.2 kW/m² = 1200 W/m²
- ε₀ (Permittivity of free space) ≈ 8.854 × 10⁻¹² F/m
- c (Speed of light) ≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s
- E₀ = Amplitude of the electric field (V/m)
2. **Alternative Formula**: Using the intrinsic impedance of free space (η₀ ≈ 377 Ω or 120π Ω):
I = E₀² / (2 * η₀)
3. **Calculation**:
E₀² = 2 * η₀ * I
E₀² = 2 * 377 * 1200
E₀² = 904,800
E₀ = √904,800
E₀ ≈ 951.2 V/m
4. **Conclusion**: The calculated value of approximately 951 V/m aligns most closely with option (d) 950 V/m.
- Option (a) 80 mV/m is far too low.
- Option (b) 2.5 V/m is far too low.
- Option (c) 30 V/m is far too low.
Choose the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence: 'The baby sleeping soundly.'
A)
conjunction
B)
adverb
C)
noun
D)
verb
In the sentence 'The baby sleeping soundly', the word 'sleeping' describes the action being performed by the subject ('The baby'). A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being is classified as a verb. Specifically, 'sleeping' is the present participle form of the verb 'sleep'. While the sentence is grammatically incomplete (it lacks an auxiliary verb like 'is' or 'was' to be a full sentence), the function of the word 'sleeping' remains that of a verb (or a verbal acting as a predicate).
Analysis of other options:
- a. Conjunction: A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., 'and', 'but'). 'Sleeping' does not perform this function.
- b. Adverb: An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. In this sentence, 'soundly' is the adverb because it describes how the baby is sleeping.
- c. Noun: A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. 'Baby' is the noun in this sentence; 'sleeping' is the action the noun is performing.
Choose the correct synonym for: 'burden'
A)
load
B)
loaf
C)
vice
D)
sin
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analyze the target word: 'Burden' refers to a heavy load, typically a physical weight being carried, or a psychological/financial stress or responsibility.
2. Evaluate Option (a) 'load': A load is a heavy or bulky thing being carried or supported. This is a direct synonym for 'burden'.
3. Evaluate Option (b) 'loaf': A loaf refers to a shaped mass of baked bread or (as a verb) to spend time idly. It has no semantic connection to 'burden'.
4. Evaluate Option (c) 'vice': A vice is a practice, behavior, or habit generally considered immoral, depraved, or degrading. While a vice might cause a burden, it is not a synonym for the word itself.
5. Evaluate Option (d) 'sin': A sin is an immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law. Similar to 'vice', it is a specific type of wrongdoing, not a synonym for 'burden'.
Conclusion: Option (a) is the only word that matches the meaning of 'burden'.
Choose the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence: 'They play for five hours every day.'
A)
verb
B)
pronoun
C)
preposition
D)
noun
In the sentence 'They play for five hours every day', the word 'for' is used to indicate the duration of an action. A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. Here, 'for' links the verb 'play' to the noun phrase 'five hours'.
Analysis of other options:
- (a) Verb: The verb in this sentence is 'play', which describes the action.
- (b) Pronoun: The pronoun in this sentence is 'They', which replaces the subject.
- (d) Noun: The nouns in this sentence are 'hours' and 'day'.
Since 'for' functions as a connector showing a relationship of time/duration, it is a preposition.
Choose the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence: 'The greengrocer sells vegetable.'
A)
noun
B)
adverb
C)
Interjection
D)
verb
Step-by-step analysis: 1. Identify the underlined word: In the sentence 'The greengrocer sells vegetable', the word 'greengrocer' (or 'vegetable', as both are nouns) is the target. In standard English grammar tests for this specific sentence, the focus is typically on the subject 'greengrocer' or the object 'vegetable'. 2. Define the part of speech: A noun is a word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states, concepts, or ideas. 3. Application: 'Greengrocer' refers to a person/profession, and 'vegetable' refers to a thing/food item. Both are nouns. 4. Evaluate options: (a) noun - Correct. (b) adverb - Incorrect, as it does not modify a verb, adjective, or other adverb. (c) Interjection - Incorrect, as it is not an abrupt remark or exclamation. (d) verb - Incorrect, as the verb in this sentence is 'sells'.
Choose the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence: 'Our final examinations are always held in December.'
A)
noun
B)
pronoun
C)
verb
D)
adverb
Step-by-step analysis of the sentence: 'Our final examinations are always held in December.'
1. Identify the underlined word: In this sentence, the word 'December' is the target word.
2. Analyze the function of 'December': 'December' is the name of a specific month of the year. In English grammar, names of specific people, places, or time periods (like months) are classified as Proper Nouns.
3. Contextual clue: The word follows the preposition 'in'. Prepositions are typically followed by a noun or a pronoun (the object of the preposition). In this case, 'December' serves as the object of the preposition 'in'.
Evaluating the options:
- (a) Noun: Correct. 'December' is a proper noun.
- (b) Pronoun: Incorrect. A pronoun replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it). 'December' is the name itself, not a replacement.
- (c) Verb: Incorrect. A verb expresses an action or state of being (e.g., 'are held'). 'December' does not express an action.
- (d) Adverb: Incorrect. An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., 'always'). While 'December' provides time information, it functions as a noun here, not as a modifier of the verb.
Choose the tense of the verb in the following sentence: 'Your mother has been looking for you since morning.'
A)
Past perfect continuous tense
B)
Past perfect tense
C)
Present perfect tense
D)
Present perfect continuous tense
To identify the tense of the sentence 'Your mother has been looking for you since morning,' we analyze the verb phrase 'has been looking':
1. **'Has'**: This is the present tense of the auxiliary verb 'have', indicating the tense is in the Present category.
2. **'Been'**: This is the past participle of 'be', which is used to form perfect tenses.
3. **'Looking'**: This is the present participle (verb + -ing), which indicates a continuous or progressive action.
Combining these elements (Present Auxiliary + Been + Present Participle) forms the **Present Perfect Continuous Tense**. This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, often accompanied by a time reference (in this case, 'since morning').
Why other options are incorrect:
- **a. Past perfect continuous**: Would require 'had been looking'.
- **b. Past perfect**: Would require 'had looked'.
- **c. Present perfect**: Would require 'has looked' (without the 'been' and '-ing' form).
Choose the correct antonym for: 'repulsive'
A)
repellant
B)
recurrent
C)
attentive
D)
attractive
Step 1: Analyze the meaning of the target word. 'Repulsive' means causing intense distaste or disgust, or in a physical/scientific sense (like magnetism), tending to drive or push something away.
Step 2: Evaluate the options to find the opposite meaning (antonym).
- Option (a) 'repellant' is a synonym; it means driving something away.
- Option (b) 'recurrent' means occurring often or repeatedly, which is unrelated to repulsion.
- Option (c) 'attentive' means paying close attention to something, which is unrelated to repulsion.
- Option (d) 'attractive' means pleasing or appealing to the senses, or in a physical sense, tending to pull something closer. This is the direct opposite of 'repulsive'.
Conclusion: Since 'repulsive' means to push away/disgust and 'attractive' means to pull toward/please, option (d) is the correct antonym.
Choose the correct antonym for: 'enrich'
A)
endorse
B)
cherish
C)
novelish
D)
impoverish
Step 1: Analyze the target word. 'Enrich' means to improve the quality or value of something, or to make someone wealthy.
Step 2: Evaluate the options to find the opposite meaning (antonym).
- Option (a) 'endorse' means to declare one's public approval or support of something; it is unrelated to wealth or quality improvement.
- Option (b) 'cherish' means to protect and care for someone or something lovingly; it is a positive emotion but not an antonym for enrich.
- Option (c) 'novelish' is a rare term referring to something resembling a novel; it is irrelevant to the context.
- Option (d) 'impoverish' means to make a person or area poor, or to exhaust the quality/strength of something. This is the direct opposite of 'enrich'.
Conclusion: Since 'enrich' is to make rich/better and 'impoverish' is to make poor/worse, option (d) is the correct antonym.
Write an essay on any one of the following topics: - Bamboo link roads as a measure to sustainable development in Mizoram - The socio-economic impact of Covid-19 pandemic and Lock down in Mizoram. - Tourism and the future aspect of Tourism in Mizoram
Write a précis of the given passage regarding the requirements for writing clearly and logically, the nature of freedom and legal limitations, and the discipline required to be a successful writer.
Choose the correct synonym for: 'hamper'
A)
hint
B)
hinder
C)
temper
D)
candour
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analyze the target word: 'Hamper' as a verb means to hinder or impede the movement or progress of something; to obstruct.
2. Evaluate Option (a) 'hint': A hint is a slight indication or clue. It has no semantic relationship with obstruction.
3. Evaluate Option (b) 'hinder': To hinder means to create difficulties for someone or something, resulting in delay or obstruction. This is a direct synonym for 'hamper'.
4. Evaluate Option (c) 'temper': As a verb, temper means to serve as a neutralizing or moderating force; as a noun, it refers to a person's state of mind. It does not mean to obstruct.
5. Evaluate Option (d) 'candour': Candour refers to the quality of being open and honest in expression; frankness. It is unrelated to the meaning of 'hamper'.
Conclusion: 'Hinder' is the only word that matches the meaning of 'hamper'.