MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The main treatment modalities for head and neck cancers include:
A)
Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy
B)
Immunotherapy only
C)
Hormonetherapy and radiotherapy
D)
Physical therapy only
Option A is correct: Surgery, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Which effect may appear many years after radiation exposure?
A)
Stochastic effect
B)
Deterministic effect
C)
Thermal effect
D)
Mechanical effect
Option A is correct: Stochastic effect.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The mediastinum is the space between the:
A)
Two lungs
B)
Two kidneys
C)
Two kidneys and liver
D)
Two intestines
Option A is correct: Two lungs.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Which of the following tumors is highly radiosensitive?
A)
Lymphomas
B)
Chondrosarcoma
C)
Melanoma
D)
Osteosarcoma
Option B is correct: Chondrosarcoma.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Malignant tumors are characterized by:
A)
Well-circumscribed borders
B)
Slow growth
C)
Invasion, metastasis, and cellular atypia
D)
Capsule formation
Option B is correct: Slow growth.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The working principle of a TLD is based on:
A)
Photoelectric effect
B)
Thermoluminescence
C)
Radiology and radiotherapy
D)
Personnel radiation monitoring
Option C is correct: Radiology and radiotherapy.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Direct effect of radiation occurs when radiation interacts with:
A)
water molecule
B)
DNA molecule
C)
cytoplasm
D)
proteins
Option C is correct: cytoplasm.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Which of the following tumors is considered highly curable with modern therapy?
A)
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
B)
Hodgkin lymphoma
C)
Glioblastoma multiforme
D)
Melanoma
Option B is correct: Hodgkin lymphoma.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The most common pathway for metastasis is:
A)
Lymphatic spread
B)
Hematogenous spread
C)
Direct invasion
D)
Implantation
Option B is correct: Hematogenous spread.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Acute reactions to radiation typically involve:
A)
Slow-growing tissues
B)
Rapidly dividing tissues
C)
Nervous tissue
D)
Cartilage only
Option A is correct: Slow-growing tissues.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is most useful for:
A)
Determining tumor stage
B)
Examining cells to diagnose tumors or lumps
C)
Measuring tumor size
D)
Planning radiotherapy dose
Option B is correct: Examining cells to diagnose tumors or lumps.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Which machine requires stronger shielding due to higher energy photons?
A)
Diagnostic X-ray
B)
Telecobalt unit
C)
Linear accelerator
D)
Ultrasound
Option D is correct: Ultrasound.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The hinge angle is defined as:
A)
Angle between two radiation beams
B)
Angle between wedge surface and beam axis
C)
Angle between patient surface and beam axis
D)
Angle between two isodose curves
Option C is correct: Angle between patient surface and beam axis.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
A static wedge is:
A)
A motorized moving wedge
B)
A fixed metal wedge placed in the beam
C)
A computer-generated wedge
D)
A bolus material
Option B is correct: A fixed metal wedge placed in the beam.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The part of the cell that controls all cellular activities is:
A)
Cytoplasm
B)
Nucleus
C)
Ribosome
D)
Mitochondria
Option B is correct: Nucleus.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Which of the following radicals is commonly produced in radiolysis of water?
A)
Hydroxyl radical
B)
Sodium radical
C)
Calcium radical
D)
Iron radical
Option A is correct: Hydroxyl radical.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The first step in cancer management is usually:
A)
Radiotherapy
B)
Chemotherapy
C)
Diagnosis and staging
D)
Palliative care
Option B is correct: Chemotherapy.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with:
A)
HPV
B)
EBV
C)
HIV
D)
Hepatitis virus
Option A is correct: HPV.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The main treatment for leukemia is:
A)
Chemotherapy
B)
Radiotherapy
C)
Bone marrow transplant
D)
All of the above
Option D is correct: All of the above.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The most common malignant eye tumor in children is:
A)
Melanoma
B)
Retinoblastoma
C)
Glioma
D)
Lymphoma
Option B is correct: Retinoblastoma.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
The most common histological type of oropharyngeal cancer is:
A)
Adenocarcinoma
B)
Squamous cell carcinoma
C)
Sarcoma
D)
Lymphoma
Option B is correct: Squamous cell carcinoma.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Tumors originating from nerve sheath cells are:
A)
Schwannomas
B)
Adenomas
C)
Sarcomas
D)
Osteomas
Option A is correct: Schwannomas.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
Ethical responsibility means:
A)
Following moral principles in professional practice
B)
Only following doctors’ orders without question
C)
Breaking hospital rules
D)
Sharing patient information freely for research
Option A is correct: Following moral principles in professional practice.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
GTV (Gross Tumor Volume) refers to:
A)
Microscopic tumor spread
B)
Visible or palpable tumor mass
C)
Normal tissue around tumor
D)
Organ motion area
Option B is correct: Visible or palpable tumor mass.
MHMS • 2026 • Paper-IV (Technical Paper - II)
According to the Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau, cells are more radiosensitive if they:
A)
are highly differentiated
B)
divide rapidly
C)
are mature
D)
are large
Option B is correct: divide rapidly.
