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Past Questions — 2022
‘Bayraktar TB2’, one of the most famous military equipment used in Russian-Ukraine conflict and in many other conflicts around the world is made by
A)
USA
B)
UK
C)
Turkey
D)
Russia
The Bayraktar TB2 is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV). It is developed and manufactured by Baykar, a Turkish aerospace and defense company. The drone gained global prominence for its significant role in various conflicts, most notably in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the Russian-Ukrainian war, where it was used for reconnaissance and precision strikes.
Analysis of other options:
- a. USA: While the US produces many famous drones (like the MQ-9 Reaper), the TB2 is not American.
- b. UK: The UK develops various defense systems but is not the manufacturer of the TB2.
- d. Russia: Russia is an adversary in the conflict where the TB2 is used against its forces; it does not manufacture this equipment.
Fano Dawi ceremony was performed by?
A)
Sadawt
B)
Bawlpu
C)
Daibawl
D)
Sadawi
In traditional Mizo culture, the 'Sadawi' was the village priest or shaman who acted as an intermediary between the human world and the spirit world. The 'Fano Dawi' ceremony was a specific ritual performed by the Sadawi to appease spirits, cure illnesses, or seek divine guidance for the community.
Analysis of options:
- a. Sadawt: This is not a recognized term for the priest in Mizo tradition.
- b. Bawlpu: This refers to a traditional gathering or a specific type of social arrangement, not a person/practitioner.
- c. Daibawl: This is not the term for the ritual practitioner.
- d. Sadawi: The correct term for the traditional Mizo priest who performed rituals like Fano Dawi.
Acid rain is caused by increase in the atmospheric concentration of
A)
SO2 and NO2
B)
SO3 and CO
C)
CO2 and CO
D)
O3 and dust
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx, specifically NO2) are released into the atmosphere. These substances are primarily emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels (power plants, industrial boilers, and vehicles).
1. **Sulfur Dioxide (SO2):** When SO2 reacts with water vapor and oxygen in the atmosphere, it forms sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
2. **Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2):** When NO2 reacts with water vapor, it forms nitric acid (HNO3).
These acids dissolve in rainwater, significantly lowering the pH of the precipitation, resulting in acid rain.
Why other options are incorrect:
- **Option b:** While SO3 is an intermediate in the formation of sulfuric acid, Carbon Monoxide (CO) does not contribute to acid rain; it is a toxic gas and a precursor to ground-level ozone.
- **Option c:** Carbon Dioxide (CO2) does make rain slightly acidic (forming weak carbonic acid), but it is a natural component of the atmosphere and not the primary cause of the environmental phenomenon known as 'Acid Rain'. CO is not an acid-forming gas.
- **Option d:** Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant and a greenhouse gas, and dust consists of particulate matter; neither is the primary chemical cause of acid rain.
Which of the following Articles of the constution on India directs the State government to organize Village Panchayats?
A)
Article 39
B)
Article 48
C)
Article 40
D)
Article 47
The correct answer is Article 40. This Article is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Constitution of India. It explicitly states: 'The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.'
Analysis of other options:
- Article 39: Deals with certain principles of policy to be followed by the State (e.g., adequate means of livelihood, distribution of resources).
- Article 48: Relates to the organization of agriculture and animal husbandry and the prohibition of slaughter of cows and calves.
- Article 47: Directs the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health (including the prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs).
The first Earth Summit for Convention on Biological Diversity was held at
A)
Johannesburg (2002), South Africa
B)
Rio de Janeiro (1992), Brazil
C)
New York (1990), USA
D)
London (1998), UK
The first Earth Summit, officially known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This landmark summit led to the creation of several key international agreements, most notably the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and Agenda 21.
Analysis of other options:
- Option (a): Johannesburg hosted the 'World Summit on Sustainable Development' in 2002, which was a follow-up to the Rio summit, not the first Earth Summit.
- Option (c) and (d): Neither New York (1990) nor London (1998) hosted the first Earth Summit for the Convention on Biological Diversity.
A religious ceremony performed for the villager’s prosperity over animals and enemies was known as?
A)
Khal
B)
Sakung
C)
Khua leh Chawm
D)
Kawngpui Siam
In traditional Mizo culture, 'Khua leh Chawm' was a significant communal religious ceremony. It was performed to seek divine protection and prosperity for the entire village, specifically to safeguard the villagers' livestock (animals) from diseases and predators, and to protect the community from enemies or hostile raids.
Analysis of other options:
- Khal: Refers to a traditional Mizo feast of merit or a specific social status ritual, not specifically a village-wide prosperity ceremony for animals and enemies.
- Sakung: Generally relates to specific traditional beliefs or rituals but is not the primary term for this communal prosperity rite.
- Kawngpui Siam: Literally translates to 'making a main road' or 'building a highway,' which is a physical infrastructure activity rather than a religious ceremony.
Recently, Vedanta-Foxconn has decided to establish India’s first large scale semiconductor producing units in the state of
A)
Uttar Pradesh
B)
Madhya Pradesh
C)
Gujarat
D)
Maharastra
In 2022, the joint venture between Vedanta Limited and Foxconn announced plans to establish India's first large-scale semiconductor fabrication plant (fab) in Gujarat. The project was envisioned as a critical step toward making India self-reliant in chip manufacturing under the 'India Semiconductor Mission'. The Gujarat government provided significant incentives and land support for this initiative. While the partnership later faced challenges and eventually dissolved, at the time of the exam (2022), the designated state for this project was Gujarat. Other states like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra have various industrial hubs, but they were not the site for this specific Vedanta-Foxconn semiconductor venture.
Recently, which of the following organizations was responsible for awarding the Mizoram Police with a prestigious ‘Gold Edition 2022 Certificates’ for seizure of the largest consignment of smuggled exotic animals in May and carrying out a mega disposal of narcotic substances?
A)
Inter-pol Book of Records
B)
Limca Book of Records
C)
World Book of Records
D)
Guinness World Records
In 2022, the Mizoram Police were recognized by the World Book of Records for two significant achievements: the seizure of the largest consignment of smuggled exotic animals (which occurred in May 2022) and the execution of a mega disposal of narcotic substances. The organization awarded them the 'Gold Edition 2022 Certificates' to commemorate these record-breaking law enforcement operations. Other options like Guinness World Records, Limca Book of Records, and Inter-pol Book of Records (which is not a standard record-keeping body for such awards) are incorrect as they were not the issuing authority for this specific certification.
India’s 1st quarter GDP growth rate for the current financial year (FY23) is
A)
12.5 %
B)
13.5 %
C)
14.3 %
D)
15.5 %
The National Statistical Office (NSO) of India released the GDP data for the first quarter (Q1) of the financial year 2022-23 (April-June 2022). According to the official data, India's GDP grew by 13.5% year-on-year in the first quarter of FY23. This growth was primarily driven by a strong recovery in domestic demand and the reopening of the economy following the pandemic restrictions. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect as they do not match the official figures released by the NSO for that specific period.
Which of the following is NOT related with Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution?
A)
Admit new territories as new state of India
B)
Split or merge existing Indian states
C)
Alter the names and boundaries of existing Indian States
D)
Appointment of Governor of the state
Articles 2 and 3 of the Indian Constitution deal with the admission and establishment of new states and the alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states.
1. Article 2 empowers the Parliament to admit into the Union, or establish, new states on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit. This relates to Option (a).
2. Article 3 empowers the Parliament to form a new state by separation of territory from any state, by uniting two or more states, or by altering the boundaries or names of any state. This relates to Option (b) and Option (c).
3. The appointment of the Governor of a state is governed by Article 155 of the Constitution, which states that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President. Therefore, Option (d) is not related to Articles 2 and 3.
As per the National Forest Policy (1988), the forest cover to be maintained is
A)
67% for hills & 33% for plains
B)
37% for hills & 11% for plains
C)
17% for hills & 23% for plains
D)
None of the above
The National Forest Policy of 1988 was formulated with the primary goal of environmental stability and ecological balance. One of its key mandates is to ensure that a minimum of 33% of the total land area of the country is under forest or tree cover. To achieve this target and maintain ecological stability, the policy specifies different targets based on topography:
1. In hilly regions, the target is to maintain a forest cover of 67% to prevent soil erosion and landslides.
2. In plain regions, the target is to maintain a forest cover of 33%.
Comparing this to the options:
- Option (a) correctly identifies the 67% for hills and 33% for plains requirement.
- Options (b) and (c) provide incorrect percentages that do not align with the official policy guidelines.
Which among the following authorities decides, how far the fundamental rights can apply to the members of the armed forces in India?
A)
President of India
B)
Parliament of India
C)
Arms Forces themselves
D)
Arms Forces Tribunal
The correct answer is the Parliament of India. This is based on Article 33 of the Constitution of India. Article 33 specifically empowers the Parliament to restrict or abrogate the Fundamental Rights of the members of the Armed Forces, the members of the paramilitary forces, the police forces, and intelligence agencies. The purpose of this provision is to ensure the proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline among them.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. President of India: While the President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, the power to legislate on the restriction of fundamental rights lies with the legislative body (Parliament).
- c. Armed Forces themselves: The military cannot unilaterally decide the legal application of constitutional rights; this requires legislative action.
- d. Armed Forces Tribunal: The Tribunal is a judicial body meant for resolving disputes and grievances; it does not have the legislative authority to decide the scope of fundamental rights application.
I wrote a letter to my father.
A)
Simple Sentence
B)
Complex Sentence
C)
Compound Sentence
To determine the type of sentence, we analyze its grammatical structure:
1. **Analysis of the sentence**: 'I wrote a letter to my father.'
2. **Identification of components**:
- Subject: 'I'
- Verb (Predicate): 'wrote'
- Object: 'a letter'
- Prepositional Phrase: 'to my father'
3. **Evaluation**: The sentence contains only one independent clause (a group of words with a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought). It does not contain any dependent (subordinate) clauses or additional independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions.
**Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Complex Sentence (b)**: A complex sentence must have one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (usually starting with words like 'because', 'although', 'since', or 'which'). This sentence has no dependent clause.
- **Compound Sentence (c)**: A compound sentence must have at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon. This sentence consists of only one clause.
Mountaineers climb as a team because:
A)
the height is too much for one individual
B)
the competition is between the team and the peak
C)
they have to rely on each other for safety
D)
there is no competition among them
Mountaineers rope together and climb as team because safety depends on mutual reliance, self-rescue.
“…….” The summit was the prize they all set their eyes on “. In the context of the passage, this means:
A)
reaching the top was their exclusive concern
B)
they kept their eyes steadily on reaching the summit
C)
they cared for nothing but the prize of reaching the summit
D)
they chose a route from which they could see the summit clearly
Metaphor means reaching summit was their exclusive concern/focus – the prize they set eyes on.
People living in the Andes and the Himalayas made mountain journeys because:
A)
It was a kind of sport
B)
they had to undertake their day-to-day life
C)
they lived in a pre-historic time
D)
of the challenge offered by the difficult journey
Andes/Himalayan inhabitants made mountain journeys for daily life necessity – trade, grazing, survival – not sport.
The author is in favour of drawing conclusions on the basis of
A)
reasoning
B)
study of eminent thinkers
C)
empirical evidence
D)
discussion and consultation
Without passage, typical comprehension pattern emphasizes empirical evidence over mere reasoning; author favours data.
Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides for the administration of tribal areas in
A)
Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Tripura
B)
Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram
C)
Assam, Nagaland, Tripura and Mizoram
D)
Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides for the administration of tribal areas in four North-Eastern states. These states are Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. To remember these, the mnemonic 'AMTM' is often used.
1. **Purpose**: The Sixth Schedule allows for the creation of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) and Regional Councils, granting them legislative, judicial, and executive powers to protect the indigenous culture, land, and customs of the tribal populations.
2. **Analysis of Options**:
- Option (a) is incorrect because it includes Sikkim, which is not part of the Sixth Schedule.
- Option (b) is incorrect because it includes Arunachal Pradesh, which is not part of the Sixth Schedule.
- Option (c) is incorrect because it includes Nagaland. While Nagaland has special provisions under Article 371A, it is not governed by the Sixth Schedule.
- Option (d) is correct as it lists the four specific states: Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Dantes was in
A)
a hostel
B)
a dining room
C)
an army barracks
D)
a prison
Count of Monte Cristo excerpt – Edmond Dantes was imprisoned in Chateau d'If, i.e., a prison.
Run fast! The train _____ .
A)
was whistling
B)
is whistling
C)
has whistles
D)
whistled
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analyze the first sentence: 'Run fast!' is an imperative sentence giving an urgent command in the present moment. 2. Determine the tense: Since the command is happening now, the second sentence must describe a current, ongoing action that justifies the urgency. 3. Evaluate the options: (a) 'was whistling' is past continuous, which contradicts the present command. (b) 'is whistling' is present continuous, indicating the train is whistling right now, which explains why the person needs to run fast. (c) 'has whistles' is grammatically incorrect (the present perfect requires a past participle like 'has whistled'). (d) 'whistled' is simple past, which does not align with the immediate urgency of the command. Therefore, 'is whistling' is the only grammatically correct and logically consistent choice.
The IPC applies to which of the following? 1. Any offence committed within the territory of India as defined in Article (1) of constitution. 2. Any offence committed within the territorial waters of India. 3. Any offence committed on any ship or aircraft either owned by India or registered in India.
A)
Only 1
B)
Only 1 & 2
C)
Only 2 & 3
D)
1, 2 & 3
The Indian Penal Code (IPC) defines the jurisdiction of Indian criminal law under Sections 2, 3, and 4.
1. **Intra-territorial Jurisdiction (Section 2):** Every person is liable to punishment under the IPC for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within India. This includes the entire territory of India as defined by the Constitution.
2. **Territorial Waters:** Under international law and the UNCLOS (which India adheres to), the territory of a state includes its territorial waters. Therefore, any offence committed within the territorial waters of India falls under the jurisdiction of the IPC.
3. **Extra-territorial Jurisdiction (Section 4):** The IPC explicitly extends to any person who commits an offence on any ship or aircraft registered in India, regardless of where that ship or aircraft is located at the time of the offence.
Since all three statements accurately describe the scope of the IPC's application, option (d) is the correct choice.
In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act came into force in
A)
1980
B)
1981
C)
1982
D)
1983
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted by the Parliament of India in 1981. The primary objective of this Act is to provide for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution. It was implemented to fulfill the obligations taken by India in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972.
Analysis of options:
- Option (a) 1980: Incorrect. No such major air pollution act was passed in this year.
- Option (b) 1981: Correct. This is the year the Act was passed and came into force.
- Option (c) 1982: Incorrect.
- Option (d) 1983: Incorrect.
Dantes’ was planning to:
A)
carve his name
B)
make his escape
C)
tease the guard
D)
call for breakfast
Context of breaking jug – Dantes was planning to make his escape using fragments to dig/tunnel.
Night came on and rain fell heavily
A)
Simple Sentence
B)
Complex Sentence
C)
Compound Sentence
To determine the sentence type, we analyze the grammatical structure:
1. The sentence consists of two independent clauses: 'Night came on' and 'rain fell heavily'.
2. An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
- Clause 1: Subject ('Night') + Verb ('came on').
- Clause 2: Subject ('rain') + Verb ('fell').
3. These two independent clauses are joined by the coordinating conjunction 'and'.
Definitions:
- A **Simple Sentence** contains only one independent clause (e.g., 'Night came on').
- A **Complex Sentence** contains one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause (e.g., 'When night came on, rain fell heavily').
- A **Compound Sentence** contains at least two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Since this sentence joins two independent clauses with 'and', it is a Compound Sentence.
Two convicts _____ from prison last night.
A)
has escaped
B)
escape
C)
escaped
D)
were escaped
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Identify the Time Marker**: The sentence contains the phrase 'last night'. This is a specific time marker indicating a completed action in the past.
2. **Determine the Tense**: When a specific past time is mentioned, the Simple Past Tense must be used.
3. **Analyze the Options**:
- **(a) has escaped**: This is Present Perfect tense. Present Perfect cannot be used with specific past time markers like 'last night'.
- **(b) escape**: This is Present Simple tense, used for habits or general truths, not for a specific event that happened last night.
- **(c) escaped**: This is the Simple Past form of the verb 'escape'. It correctly matches the time marker 'last night'.
- **(d) were escaped**: This is a passive construction. 'Escape' is an intransitive verb in this context (the convicts performed the action themselves), so it cannot be used in the passive voice. One does not 'be escaped' by someone else.
4. **Conclusion**: Option (c) is the only grammatically correct choice.