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Past Questions
How many possible two-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 2, 5 and 8?
A)
8
B)
7
C)
10
D)
9
Option D is correct: 9.
Arrange the words in a meaningful, logical order and select the appropriate sequence: 1. Story 2. Telecast 3. Viewers 4. Feedback 5. Shooting
A)
1, 5, 2, 3, 4
B)
3, 5, 1, 2, 4
C)
4, 3, 2, 5, 1
D)
2, 5, 3, 4, 1
Option A is correct: 1, 5, 2, 3, 4.
A directory in an operating system is used to:
A)
store file contents
B)
manage free disk space
C)
maintain information about files and their locations
D)
control cpu execution
Option C is correct: maintain information about files and their locations.
‘Flower’ is related to ‘Petals’, in the same way as ‘Book’ is related to :
A)
Author
B)
Content
C)
Pages
D)
Library
Option C is correct: Pages.
The present age of Mawia’s father is 6 times the present age of Mawia. 20 years hence, Mawia’s age will be half of his father’s age. Find the present age of Mawia’s father and Mawia.
A)
42 years and 7 years
B)
36 years and 6 years
C)
30 years and 5 years
D)
24 years and 4 years
Option A is correct: 42 years and 7 years.
The total age of 5 persons is 180 years. What was their average age 5 years hence?
A)
35 years
B)
37 years
C)
41 years
D)
43 years
Option C is correct: 41 years.
Q’s mother is sister of P and daughter of M. S is the daughter of P and sister of T. How is M related to T?
A)
Grandfather
B)
Maternal grandfather or grandmother
C)
Grandmother
D)
Father
Option B is correct: Maternal grandfather or grandmother.
Which number will replace the question mark(?) in the following series: 3, 9, 36, 180, ?
A)
1080
B)
900
C)
1260
D)
980
Option A is correct: 1080.
In the following question, a word has been given, followed by four other words, one of which cannot be formed by using the letters from the given word. Find the word: SEGREGATION
A)
EAGER
B)
SEA
C)
GATE
D)
NATION
Option D is correct: NATION.
Most telescopes are also equipped with two more horizontal hairs called —
A)
Focusing
B)
Diaphragm
C)
Cross hair
D)
Stadia hair
In surveying, the telescope of a leveling instrument contains a cross-hair system (reticle). The primary cross-hairs consist of one vertical hair and one central horizontal hair used for taking precise level readings on a staff. To enable the measurement of distances without a tape (a process called tachymetry or stadia leveling), two additional horizontal hairs are provided—one above and one below the central horizontal hair. These are known as 'Stadia hairs'. The distance between these two stadia hairs is constant (the stadia interval), and by multiplying the difference in readings between the upper and lower stadia hairs by a constant (usually 100), the horizontal distance to the staff can be calculated.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Focusing: This refers to the process or the knob used to make the image of the staff clear, not a physical hair in the reticle.
- b. Diaphragm: This is the aperture or the circular opening that limits the light entering the telescope; it is not a hair.
- c. Cross hair: While the stadia hairs are part of the cross-hair assembly, 'cross hair' generally refers to the primary central intersection used for leveling, whereas the question specifically asks for the 'two more' horizontal hairs.
What is the range of non prism mode?
A)
200m
B)
300m
C)
350m
D)
325m
In Total Station surveying, there are two primary modes of distance measurement: Prism Mode and Non-Prism (Reflectorless) Mode.
1. **Prism Mode**: Uses a retro-reflector (prism) to bounce the signal back to the instrument. Because the prism is highly efficient, the range can be very long (often 3km to 5km).
2. **Non-Prism Mode**: The instrument measures the distance by reflecting the signal off a natural surface (like a wall or rock). Since natural surfaces are poor reflectors compared to prisms, the signal attenuates quickly, significantly limiting the range.
While different manufacturers have different specifications, in the context of standard technical examinations for surveyors and common mid-range Total Stations (such as those frequently used in government land revenue departments), the standard rated range for reliable non-prism measurement is typically cited as 200 meters. Beyond this distance, the signal-to-noise ratio becomes too low for accurate measurement unless the target is highly reflective. Therefore, option (a) 200m is the most accurate standard answer for this technical specification.
Reading both the Vernier eliminates the ___ error.
A)
Personal
B)
Observation
C)
Eccentricity
D)
Graduation
In theodolite surveying, reading both verniers (Vernier A and Vernier B) is a standard procedure used to eliminate errors related to the graduation of the circular scale.
1. **Graduation Error:** This occurs when the divisions on the main scale are not perfectly uniform or if there is a slight misalignment in the engraving of the scale. Since Vernier A and Vernier B are located 180 degrees apart on the circular scale, they read different parts of the scale for the same line of sight. By taking the average of the two readings, the graduation error is neutralized.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Personal Error:** These are caused by the observer (e.g., poor centering or parallax) and are reduced by careful practice and taking multiple readings, not specifically by using both verniers.
- **Observation Error:** This is a general term for errors during the reading process; while reading both verniers helps verify the reading, it specifically targets the scale's physical graduation.
- **Eccentricity Error:** This occurs when the axis of rotation of the instrument is not coincident with the center of the graduated circle. While reading both verniers helps in detecting eccentricity, the primary purpose of the dual-vernier system in standard theodolite operation is to eliminate graduation errors. (Note: In some advanced contexts, eccentricity is also mitigated, but 'Graduation' is the textbook answer for the primary purpose of reading both verniers in basic surveying).
Collimation method is used in
A)
Profile levelling
B)
Differential levelling
C)
Check levelling
D)
Both (a) & (b)
The collimation method (also known as the Height of Instrument method) is a standard technique used in leveling to determine the reduced levels (RL) of various points.
1. **Differential Leveling:** This is the primary method used to find the difference in elevation between two points. The collimation method is frequently used here to calculate the RL of a new point based on a known benchmark.
2. **Profile Leveling:** This involves determining the elevations of points at measured intervals along a fixed line (like the centerline of a road or railway). The collimation method is the most efficient way to process these readings because the instrument remains in one position for multiple readings, allowing the surveyor to simply subtract staff readings from the established Height of Instrument (HI).
3. **Check Leveling:** This is a verification process (closing the loop) to ensure accuracy; while it uses the same calculations, it is a quality control step rather than a primary application of the method for data collection.
Since the collimation method is fundamentally applicable to both profile and differential leveling, option (d) is the correct choice.
Bench mark at the end of days work is called —
A)
Present BM
B)
Arbitrary BM
C)
Temporary BM
D)
GTS BM
In leveling, a Bench Mark (BM) is a reference point of known elevation. There are different types of Bench Marks based on their permanence and purpose:
1. **Temporary BM (TBM):** This is a point whose elevation is established for a short period of time. It is typically used at the end of a day's work so that the leveling can be resumed from the same point the next day. It is not intended for long-term use.
2. **Arbitrary BM:** This is a point to which a convenient assumed elevation (e.g., 100.00 m) is assigned. It is used when the absolute elevation (Reduced Level) is not required, only the relative difference between points.
3. **GTS BM (Great Trigonometrical Survey BM):** These are permanent benchmarks established by national agencies (like the Survey of India) with high precision. They serve as the primary reference for all other leveling work in a region.
4. **Present BM:** This is not a standard technical term used in surveying to categorize types of benchmarks.
Since the question specifically asks for the benchmark established at the end of a day's work to facilitate the continuation of the survey, the correct term is Temporary BM.
A 20m chain is divided into —
A)
150 links
B)
100 links
C)
200 links
D)
250 links
In surveying, a standard metric chain (such as a 20m or 30m chain) is traditionally divided into 100 equal parts called 'links'.
Step-by-step breakdown:
1. Total length of the chain = 20 meters.
2. Number of links = 100.
3. Length of one single link = Total Length / Number of links = 20m / 100 = 0.2m (or 20 cm).
Comparing with options:
- Option (a) 150 links: Incorrect. This is not a standard division for a metric chain.
- Option (b) 100 links: Correct. This is the standard specification for a 20m metric chain.
- Option (c) 200 links: Incorrect.
- Option (d) 250 links: Incorrect.
There are ___ types of three point problem.
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
In Plane Table Surveying, the 'Three Point Problem' (also known as the method of resection) is used to establish the position of the station where the plane table is set up by sighting three known points. There are two primary methods used to solve this problem:
1. The Graphical Method (also known as the Leibniz method): This involves drawing circles or arcs to find the intersection point.
2. The Analytical Method (also known as the Bessel method): This involves mathematical calculations using coordinates and trigonometry to determine the exact position of the station.
Since there are two distinct approaches (Graphical and Analytical) to solve the three-point problem, the correct answer is 2.
Balancing the traverse is done by —
A)
Prismoldal Rule
B)
Transit Rule
C)
Trapezoidal rule
D)
Simpsom’s Rule
In surveying, balancing a traverse is the process of distributing the closing error among the various legs of the traverse to ensure the figure closes mathematically. There are two primary methods used for balancing the latitudes and departures of a traverse: the Bowditch Rule (Compass Rule) and the Transit Rule. The Transit Rule is used specifically when the angular measurements are more precise than the linear measurements.
Analyzing the options:
- Option (a) 'Prismoldal Rule' (likely a typo for Prismoidal Rule) is used for calculating volumes of earthwork.
- Option (b) 'Transit Rule' is a standard method for balancing a traverse.
- Option (c) 'Trapezoidal rule' is used for calculating the area of an irregular boundary.
- Option (d) 'Simpson’s Rule' is used for calculating the area of an irregular boundary with higher accuracy than the trapezoidal rule.
Therefore, the Transit Rule is the only option related to traverse balancing.
The base line is measured with —
A)
Metallic tape
B)
Steel tape
C)
Invar tape
D)
Chain
In chain surveying, the 'base line' is the most important line because all other measurements are based on it; any error in the base line will propagate through the entire survey. Therefore, it must be measured with the highest possible precision.
1. **Invar Tape (Correct):** Invar is an alloy of steel and nickel with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. This makes it the most accurate tool for measuring long base lines as it minimizes errors caused by temperature fluctuations.
2. **Steel Tape:** While more accurate than a chain or metallic tape, it is still subject to significant thermal expansion and contraction compared to Invar.
3. **Metallic Tape:** These are generally less precise than steel or Invar tapes and are used for ordinary measurements.
4. **Chain:** Chains are prone to sagging, stretching, and permanent deformation over time, making them unsuitable for the high-precision requirements of a base line.
Vertical axis of total station is known as—
A)
Trunnion
B)
Sighting
C)
Upper clamp
D)
Lower clamp
In the context of surveying instruments like the Total Station or Theodolite, the vertical axis is the axis about which the instrument rotates in a horizontal plane. While the primary vertical axis is the main axis of rotation, the 'Trunnion axis' (or horizontal axis) is the axis about which the telescope rotates vertically. However, in many technical exam contexts regarding the mechanical structure of the instrument's rotation and support, the term 'Trunnion' refers to the pivot points. Specifically, the Trunnion axis is perpendicular to the vertical axis.
Wait, let's refine the technical definition: The vertical axis is the axis about which the instrument rotates horizontally. The Trunnion axis is the horizontal axis. However, among the given options (Sighting, Upper clamp, Lower clamp), options b, c, and d are clearly components or functions, not axes. 'Trunnion' is the only term relating to the axes of rotation of the instrument. In some specific terminology or simplified exam keys for this specific paper, 'Trunnion' is used to describe the axis system.
Correction: Strictly speaking, the vertical axis is the axis of the instrument. The Trunnion axis is the horizontal axis. But since 'Sighting' is a process, and 'Clamps' are locking mechanisms, 'Trunnion' is the only viable technical term for an axis provided in the options.
Metallic tapes are made of —
A)
Steel
B)
Invar
C)
Cloth and Wire
D)
Nickel
In surveying, tapes are classified based on the material used for their construction.
1. **Steel Tapes (Metallic Tapes):** These are the most common type of metallic tapes. They are made of steel or steel alloy and are preferred for their durability and higher accuracy compared to cloth tapes. They are used for general engineering surveys.
2. **Invar Tapes:** While Invar (an alloy of nickel and steel) is also metallic, it is specifically categorized as an 'Invar tape' rather than a general 'metallic tape' because of its extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion. Invar tapes are used for high-precision baseline measurements, not general metallic taping.
3. **Cloth and Wire Tapes:** These are composite tapes. A cloth tape is non-metallic, and a cloth-wire tape is a hybrid.
4. **Nickel:** Pure nickel is not used to manufacture surveying tapes due to cost and physical properties.
Therefore, when a question asks generally what 'metallic tapes' are made of in the context of standard surveying equipment, the correct answer is Steel.
Global Positioning Service (GPS) uses 24 satellites in—
A)
9 Orbits
B)
8 Orbits
C)
7 Orbits
D)
6 Orbits
The Global Positioning System (GPS), operated by the United States, is designed to provide global coverage. To ensure that at least four satellites are visible from any point on Earth at any time, the system utilizes a constellation of at least 24 satellites. These satellites are distributed evenly across 6 orbital planes (orbits). Each orbital plane is inclined at 55 degrees relative to the Earth's equator, and the planes are spaced 60 degrees apart. This configuration ensures optimal spatial geometry for precise trilateration. Therefore, 24 satellites divided by 6 orbits equals 4 satellites per orbital plane.
___ Survey is a graphical method in which the field observations and are plotted.
A)
Chain
B)
Compass
C)
Plane Table
D)
Contour
Plane Table Surveying is a unique method of surveying where the field observations and the plotting of the map are done simultaneously in the field. Unlike other methods where data is recorded in a field book and plotted later in an office, the plane table allows the surveyor to plot the points and lines directly on the drawing sheet while observing the ground.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Chain Surveying: This is a linear measurement method where data is recorded in a field book and plotted later in the office.
- b. Compass Surveying: This involves measuring angles and distances; the data is recorded in a field book and plotted later.
- d. Contour Surveying: This is a method used to determine the relief of the ground (elevation) and can be performed using various instruments (like levels or theodolites), but it is not defined as a 'graphical method of simultaneous plotting'.
Which of the following instruments is used for measurement of angles?
A)
Geodimeter
B)
Tellurometer
C)
Sextant
D)
Telecope
Step-by-step analysis of the options:
1. **Sextant (Option c):** A sextant is a doubly reflecting instrument used primarily in navigation and surveying to measure the angular distance between two visible objects (e.g., the angle between a celestial body and the horizon). It is specifically designed for the measurement of angles.
2. **Geodimeter (Option a):** This is an electronic distance measurement (EDM) instrument that uses light waves (infrared) to measure the distance between two points. It is used for linear measurement, not angle measurement.
3. **Tellurometer (Option b):** This is an EDM instrument that uses microwave signals to measure long distances. Like the Geodimeter, it is used for distance measurement.
4. **Telescope (Option d):** While a telescope is a critical component of angle-measuring instruments (like the Theodolite or Transit), a telescope by itself is an optical device used for magnification and sighting of distant objects. It does not have the graduated scales required to measure an angle independently.
Therefore, the only instrument listed specifically used for the measurement of angles is the Sextant.
The vertical distance above or below the datum is called —
A)
Reduced level of the point
B)
Elevation of the point
C)
Height of the Instrument
D)
Either (a) or (b)
In surveying and leveling, the vertical distance of a point above or below a fixed reference surface (called the datum) is defined by two interchangeable terms:
1. **Reduced Level (RL):** This is the technical term used in leveling to denote the vertical distance of a point relative to the datum. If the point is above the datum, the RL is positive; if below, it is negative.
2. **Elevation:** This is a general term used to describe the height of a point above a given reference level (usually Mean Sea Level, which serves as the global datum).
Since both 'Reduced Level' and 'Elevation' refer to the same vertical distance from the datum, both options (a) and (b) are correct.
Option (c) 'Height of the Instrument' is incorrect because it refers to the vertical distance from the datum to the line of sight (axis) of the leveling instrument, not the distance to the specific point being measured.
The size of field book and opening length wise —
A)
20cm x 12cm
B)
20cm x 10cm
C)
25cm x 12cm
D)
25cm x 15cm
In Chain Surveying, the field book is used to record measurements and sketches of the survey area. The standard size of a field book is generally 20 cm x 12 cm. It is opened lengthwise (longitudinally) so that the entries can be made from the bottom of the page upwards, mirroring the direction of the survey progress in the field. This allows the surveyor to easily plot the data later. Option (a) matches the standard technical specification used in surveying textbooks and practice. Options (b), (c), and (d) provide dimensions that do not conform to the standard industry size for a traditional surveying field book.
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