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Past Questions
‘Sullage’ specifically excludes waste from:
A)
Kitchen sinks
B)
Wash basins
C)
Water closets
D)
Bathing areas
Sullage refers to wastewater from baths, wash basins, kitchen sinks, and similar sources, but it does not include human excreta or waste discharged from water closets. Waste from water closets is called sewage, not sullage. Therefore, the correct answer is Water closets.
Turbidity is a measure of relative clarity of a liquid(water), and one of its unit of measurement is:
A)
MPN
B)
NTU
C)
Moles
D)
Grams
Turbidity measures the relative cloudiness or clarity of water, and it is commonly expressed in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). MPN is used for bacteriological count, while moles and grams are units of amount and mass, not turbidity.
One structural weakness of the decentralization framework under the 74th Amendment is that:
A)
Municipal functions are constitutionally rigid
B)
Planning powers are automatically transferred to cities
C)
Metropolitan Planning Committees replace State planning boards
D)
Financial devolution depends largely on State discretion
The 74th Constitutional Amendment created the framework for urban local self-government, but a major weakness is that actual financial devolution is not strongly guaranteed by the Constitution. In practice, States retain wide discretion over grants, taxes, and fund transfers to municipalities. So municipal autonomy often remains limited.
Why the others are incorrect:
- (a) Municipal functions are constitutionally rigid — not the main weakness; the problem is often the opposite, i.e., weak and uneven devolution of powers.
- (b) Planning powers are automatically transferred to cities — incorrect, because planning powers are not automatically or fully transferred.
- (c) Metropolitan Planning Committees replace State planning boards — incorrect; MPCs are meant to prepare development plans for metropolitan areas, but they do not replace State planning boards.
Slums are reflection of:
A)
Improper use of land
B)
Industrialization
C)
Illiteracy
D)
All of the above
Slums commonly arise due to multiple factors. Improper use of land leads to unplanned and congested settlements, industrialization attracts large-scale migration to cities and creates housing pressure, and illiteracy is often linked with low awareness, poverty, and poor living conditions. Therefore, all the given factors contribute to slum formation.
Water supply system design capacity is normally based on:
A)
Average annual rainfall
B)
Minimum daily demand
C)
Maximum daily demand
D)
Projected peak demand
In water supply design, the system is generally sized for the projected peak demand so that it can meet the highest expected usage, including daily fluctuations and future growth. Average annual rainfall is unrelated to design capacity. Minimum daily demand is too low for safe design. Maximum daily demand is a component of peak demand, but the broader correct basis is projected peak demand.
Which of the following statements regarding land acquisition as per the Act of 2013 is FALSE?
A)
Acquisition process is undertaken in consultation with Local Self Government
B)
There is provision for rehabilitation for all the affected families
C)
The purposes for which land can be acquired has been mentioned
D)
Central Government directly acquires the land and transfers it to concerned agency
Under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, land acquisition is not described as the Central Government directly acquiring land and transferring it to an agency in the usual manner. The Act requires a structured process with social impact assessment, consultation with Local Self Government, and rehabilitation and resettlement provisions for affected families. It also specifies the purposes for which land may be acquired. Therefore, option (d) is false, while (a), (b), and (c) are correct statements.
The main advantage of PERT over CPM is its ability to:
A)
Reduce project cost
B)
Handle uncertainty in activity duration
C)
Improve labor productivity
D)
Simplify contract administration
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is designed for projects where activity times are uncertain and cannot be estimated accurately with a single fixed value. It uses probabilistic time estimates, making it better than CPM for uncertain scheduling.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Reduce project cost: CPM is more associated with cost optimization and time-cost trade-off.
- (c) Improve labor productivity: This is not the main advantage of PERT.
- (d) Simplify contract administration: This is not a core feature of PERT.
In infrastructure projects, land acquisition risk is usually classified as:
A)
Financial risk
B)
Technical risk
C)
Operational risk
D)
Legal risk
Land acquisition in infrastructure projects depends on ownership rights, title verification, compensation, consent, and compliance with acquisition laws. Since these issues are governed by legal processes and can cause disputes or delays, land acquisition risk is usually classified as a legal risk. It is not primarily a financial risk, technical risk, or operational risk.
PM SVANidhi scheme mainly targets which socio-economic group?
A)
Small manufacturing workers
B)
Migrant construction labourers
C)
Urban street vendors
D)
Informal transport operators
PM SVANidhi stands for Pradhan Mantri Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi. It is a special micro-credit scheme launched to support urban street vendors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the main target group is urban street vendors. The other options are not the intended beneficiaries of this scheme.
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition , Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 covers which of the following issues: 1. Fair compensation 2. Transparency 3. Resettlement and Rehabilitation 4. Public health
A)
1 and 4
B)
1, 3 and 4
C)
2, 3 and 4
D)
1, 2 and 3
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 deals with: (1) fair compensation, (2) transparency in the acquisition process, and (3) rehabilitation and resettlement of affected persons. Public health is not one of the main issues covered by this Act. Hence, the correct set is 1, 2 and 3.
The relationship between shape of the population distribution and the sampling distribution of the mean is known as:
A)
Central limit theorem
B)
Central Place Theorem
C)
Level of Significance
D)
Coefficient of Determination
The relationship between the shape of a population distribution and the sampling distribution of the sample mean is described by the Central Limit Theorem. It states that, for sufficiently large sample sizes, the sampling distribution of the mean tends toward a normal distribution regardless of the population’s original shape. The other options are unrelated: Central Place Theorem is from geography, Level of Significance is a hypothesis-testing term, and Coefficient of Determination measures goodness of fit in regression.
Which factor is generally considered crucial for locating industries?
A)
Proximity to leisure facilities
B)
Easy access to raw materials, labour, and transportation
C)
High population density
D)
Government tax incentives only
Industries are usually located where key production needs are readily available. Access to raw materials reduces transport cost and delays, availability of labour supports production, and good transportation helps movement of inputs and finished goods. The other options are not generally crucial on their own: leisure facilities are secondary, high population density is not always necessary, and tax incentives alone cannot determine industrial location.
The method of economic analysis to compare long run economic effects of a number of projects is called:
A)
Cost effectiveness analysis
B)
Cost-beneût analysis
C)
Fiscal impact analysis
D)
PPBS (Planning Programming Budgeting System)
The method used to compare the long-run economic effects of different projects is cost-benefit analysis. It evaluates both the costs and the benefits of each project over time and helps determine which project gives the greatest net economic return. Cost-effectiveness analysis compares alternatives for achieving a fixed objective, fiscal impact analysis studies effects on government finances, and PPBS is a budgeting/planning system rather than a project comparison method.
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is a crucial financial metric representing the ______
A)
Annualized rate of return an investment is expected to generate
B)
Quarterly rate of return
C)
Break-Even point
D)
Annual interest
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the discount rate at which the net present value of an investment becomes zero. In simple terms, it represents the annualized rate of return expected from the investment. Option (b) is wrong because IRR is not a quarterly measure. Option (c) is wrong because break-even point refers to no profit/no loss, not the return rate. Option (d) is incomplete and incorrect because IRR is not simply the same as annual interest; it is a project evaluation metric based on cash flows.
In project planning, a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is mainly used to:
A)
Divide work into manageable components
B)
Estimate project financing
C)
Allocate legal responsibilities
D)
Fix contract conditions
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a project planning tool used to break a project into smaller, manageable tasks or deliverables. This helps in organizing, scheduling, and controlling the work effectively. It is not primarily used for financing, legal responsibility allocation, or fixing contract conditions.
For a project activity of 7 days optimistic time, 8 days most likely time and 15 days pessimistic time, the expected duration is:
A)
5 days
B)
13 days
C)
9 days
D)
11 days
This is a PERT time estimate problem. Expected duration = (Optimistic + 4 × Most likely + Pessimistic) / 6. Substituting the values: (7 + 4×8 + 15) / 6 = (7 + 32 + 15) / 6 = 54 / 6 = 9 days. Hence, the correct answer is 9 days. The other options do not match the PERT calculation.
Stormwater drains are designed primarily to:
A)
Supply irrigation water
B)
Remove surface runoff
C)
Recharge reservoirs
D)
Accommodate heavy rainfall
Stormwater drains are built to collect and carry away rainwater flowing over the ground surface, i.e., surface runoff, so that roads and urban areas do not get waterlogged or flooded. Option (a) is incorrect because irrigation water supply is a separate system. Option (c) is incorrect because recharging reservoirs is not the primary function of stormwater drains. Option (d) is too general: drains are designed to handle rainfall-induced runoff, but their main purpose is specifically to remove surface runoff.
The particular task performance in CPM is known as:
A)
Dummy
B)
Event
C)
Activity
D)
Contract
In CPM (Critical Path Method), the actual task or work performed is called an **activity**. An **event** is a point in time marking the start or finish of activities. A **dummy** is a zero-duration element used only to show logical dependency, and a **contract** is not a CPM term.
As per the 74th Amendment, how many functional items are listed under the purview of Municipalities?
A)
29 items
B)
18 items
C)
12 items
D)
24 items
The 74th Constitutional Amendment inserted the 12th Schedule in the Constitution, which lists the functions of Municipalities. It contains 18 items in the original list? No—under the 74th Amendment, the 12th Schedule actually has 18 functional items for Municipalities, but since your options do not include 18 as the standard constitutional answer? Wait: the correct constitutional number is 18. Therefore, among the given options, option (b) is correct.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act makes provisions for: 1. Constitution and Composition of a Municipality 2. Personnel system in a Municipality 3. Relations between elected members (executive) of a municipality and the bureaucracy Choose the correct option from the options given below:
A)
Only 1
B)
1 and 2
C)
1 and 3
D)
1, 2 and 3
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 deals with urban local bodies (Municipalities). It provides for: (1) the constitution and composition of municipalities, (2) provisions relating to municipal personnel and staffing, and (3) the relationship and functional framework between elected municipal bodies and the bureaucracy/administration. Therefore, all three statements are correct.
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act mainly relates to:
A)
Urban local governance
B)
Metropolitan planning
C)
Rural local governance
D)
Regional development authorities
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions, which are the institutions of rural local self-government. It deals with village, intermediate, and district-level Panchayats. Urban local governance is covered by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, not the 73rd. Metropolitan planning and regional development authorities are not the main subject of the 73rd Amendment.
What is the role of ‘The Real Estate(Regulation and Development) Act?
A)
Slum improvement and up-gradation
B)
Urban poverty alleviation
C)
Facilitating land supply and market
D)
Provision of urban amenities and facilities
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) is meant to regulate and promote the real estate sector, protect homebuyers, and ensure transparency and accountability in property development. Among the given options, the closest and correct role related to real estate development and urban infrastructure is provision of urban amenities and facilities. The other options refer to different urban development functions: slum improvement, poverty alleviation, and land market facilitation are not the primary role of RERA.
As per IS 10500-2012, the acceptable limit for chloramine content in drinking water is _____mg/l
A)
10
B)
8
C)
4
D)
25
As per IS 10500:2012 (Drinking Water Specification), the acceptable limit for chloramine in drinking water is 4 mg/l. Hence, option (c) is correct. The other options do not match the standard permissible value.
What is a primary focus of Urban Economics?
A)
Global trade patterns
B)
The spatial organization of firms and households within cities
C)
Monetary policy
D)
Agricultural subsidies
Urban Economics studies how economic activity is arranged in urban areas, especially the location decisions of firms and households, land use, housing, transport, and city growth. Hence, the primary focus is the spatial organization of firms and households within cities. The other options relate to different fields: global trade patterns are international economics, monetary policy is macroeconomics, and agricultural subsidies belong to agricultural/public policy economics.
Which of the following is NOT a major classified solid waste in India?
A)
Hazardous Waste
B)
Plastic Waste
C)
Agricultural Waste
D)
Construction & Demolition Waste
In India, major classified solid waste streams commonly include hazardous waste, plastic waste, and construction & demolition waste under specific waste-management rules. Agricultural waste is generally not listed as a major classified municipal solid waste category in this context; it is usually treated separately as biomass or farm residue.
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