← AD (Town Planning)
Past Questions
Choose the one-word substitute for the given sentence: A man who is excessively devoted to his wife is called:
A)
Uxorious
B)
Philanderer
C)
Bigamist
D)
Misanthrope
Option A is correct: Uxorious.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: She hid her insecurities _____ a calm exterior.
A)
over
B)
beside
C)
below
D)
beneath
Option D is correct: beneath.
Fill in the blank using the appropriate conjunction: _____ he was angry, he kept smiling.
A)
Though
B)
As
C)
Since
D)
Then
Option A is correct: Though.
Fill in the blank using the appropriate conjunction: He returned to the town, _____ he had come years ago.
A)
from which
B)
where
C)
thence
D)
whence
Option D is correct: whence.
Choose the correct antonym of the following: Ambivalent
A)
Indecisive
B)
Difficult
C)
Certain
D)
Easy
Option C is correct: Certain.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: She takes pride _____ her achievements.
A)
of
B)
in
C)
on
D)
for
Option B is correct: in.
Choose the word similar in meaning to the word given: Repartee
A)
Refuse
B)
Celebrate
C)
Response
D)
Question
Option C is correct: Response.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: We stayed there _____ the weekend.
A)
around
B)
on
C)
over
D)
at
Option C is correct: over.
Choose the correct meaning of the idiom: on the fence
A)
to be clear about a decision
B)
to incessantly long for something always out of one’s reach
C)
to live up to someone’s expectations, especially in one’s profession
D)
to be undecided about something
Option D is correct: to be undecided about something.
Fill in the blank using the appropriate conjunction: She attended the meeting, carefully noting the points _____ disagreements arose.
A)
wherein
B)
although
C)
because
D)
until
Option A is correct: wherein.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: Although she was tired, she finished the race.
A)
Preposition
B)
Adjective
C)
Conjunction
D)
Interjection
Option C is correct: Conjunction.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: You’re safe, you’re _____ friends now.
A)
within
B)
among
C)
by
D)
besides
Option B is correct: among.
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: The flowers smell strange.
A)
Noun
B)
Adverb
C)
Verb
D)
Pronoun
Option C is correct: Verb.
Choose the correct form of the verb given in the bracket to complete the sentence: By 2027, I _____ (teach) at this college for 15 years.
A)
will teach
B)
will have taught
C)
will have been teaching
D)
am teaching
Option C is correct: will have been teaching.
Choose the correct meaning and spelling: The system of official rules that an organization has for doing something
A)
Bureaucracy
B)
Beauraucracy
C)
Beuraucracy
D)
Bauraucracy
Option A is correct: Bureaucracy.
Choose the correct meaning and spelling: Impossible to understand (a speech or a writing)
A)
Unineligible
B)
Uninedible
C)
Unintelligible
D)
Unindelible
Option C is correct: Unintelligible.
Which of the following cannot be drawn from population pyramid of a country?
A)
Dependency Ratio
B)
Population Growth Rate
C)
Gender distribution within population
D)
Total Population Size
A population pyramid is a graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population. Here is the step-by-step analysis of the options:
1. **Dependency Ratio (Option a):** This can be drawn from the pyramid. The dependency ratio is the ratio of the non-working age population (typically 0-14 and 65+) to the working-age population (15-64). Since the pyramid explicitly shows these age cohorts, the ratio can be calculated.
2. **Population Growth Rate (Option b):** This can be inferred from the shape of the pyramid. A wide base (large proportion of children) indicates a high birth rate and rapid population growth, while a narrow base indicates a declining or stable growth rate.
3. **Gender distribution (Option c):** This is a primary feature of the pyramid, as the graph is split vertically into male and female sides, allowing for a direct comparison of the gender ratio across different age groups.
4. **Total Population Size (Option d):** Population pyramids are typically constructed using **percentages** or **proportions** (relative frequency) on the x-axis rather than absolute numbers. While some pyramids may show absolute numbers, the standard demographic tool is designed to show the *structure* and *composition* of the population. Without a provided scale of absolute numbers or a total sum, the total population size of the country cannot be determined from the shape of the pyramid alone.
Which of the following is not TRUE about rural-urban migration?
A)
Migration to the cities is a larger contributor than natural population growth.
B)
Rural Urban Migration increases because of unemployment in rural areas.
C)
Less security in rural areas
D)
None of these
To determine which statement is NOT true, we analyze the drivers and dynamics of urbanization:
1. **Option (b) - Rural Urban Migration increases because of unemployment in rural areas**: This is TRUE. This is a classic 'push factor.' Lack of job opportunities and agricultural distress in rural areas drive people toward cities in search of employment.
2. **Option (c) - Less security in rural areas**: This is TRUE. Lack of social security, poor access to healthcare, and inadequate infrastructure (security of livelihood and health) act as push factors that encourage migration to urban centers.
3. **Option (a) - Migration to the cities is a larger contributor than natural population growth**: This is generally NOT TRUE. In the context of global and national urban population growth, 'natural increase' (the excess of births over deaths within the urban population) typically contributes more to the overall growth of cities than the net migration from rural areas. While migration is a significant driver, the internal growth of the existing urban population usually represents the larger share of urban population increase over time.
Since option (a) is the incorrect statement regarding the general trends of urbanization, it is the correct answer to the question 'Which of the following is not TRUE'.
The ‘Demographic Dividend’ is
A)
Working Population of 15 to 59 Years
B)
Working Population of 14 to 50 Years
C)
Working Population above 60 Years
D)
Working Population below 40 Years
The 'Demographic Dividend' refers to the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, specifically when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (dependents). In many academic and competitive exam contexts, the working-age bracket is broadly defined as 15 to 59 or 15 to 64 years.
Step-by-step analysis:
1. Option (a) aligns with the standard demographic definition of the working-age population (starting at 15).
2. Option (b) is incorrect because the working age typically starts at 15, not 14, and extends beyond 50.
3. Option (c) refers to the elderly/retired population, which increases the dependency ratio rather than providing a dividend.
4. Option (d) is too restrictive, as it excludes a significant portion of the productive workforce (those aged 40-64).
Therefore, option (a) is the most accurate representation of the working-age population contributing to the demographic dividend.
Which of the following is not a natural public monopoly?
A)
mobile phone
B)
electricity
C)
water supply
D)
postal service
A 'Natural Monopoly' occurs when a single firm can supply a service to an entire market at a lower cost than two or more firms could. This typically happens in industries with extremely high fixed infrastructure costs (economies of scale) where duplicating the network would be inefficient and wasteful.
1. Electricity (Option b) and Water Supply (Option c) are classic examples of natural monopolies because it would be prohibitively expensive and physically impractical to have multiple sets of power lines or water pipes from different companies running to every single house.
2. Postal Service (Option d) is traditionally viewed as a natural monopoly (or a legal monopoly) because the infrastructure required to deliver a single letter to every address in a country is most efficiently managed by one entity.
3. Mobile Phone (Option a) is NOT a natural monopoly. While it requires infrastructure (cell towers), the market supports multiple competing providers (e.g., Airtel, Jio, Vodafone) who can share spectrum or build overlapping networks without the total system collapsing or becoming wildly inefficient. In fact, the mobile industry is characterized by intense competition and low barriers to entry compared to laying city-wide water mains.
The unemployment rate is the
A)
employed plus unemployed divided by labour force.
B)
total employment divided by population.
C)
labour force divided by population.
D)
unemployed divided by labour force.
The unemployment rate is a key economic indicator that measures the percentage of the total labor force that is jobless during a specific time period.
1. **Defining the Labour Force**: The labour force consists of all people who are either currently employed or are actively seeking employment (the unemployed).
Formula: Labour Force = Employed + Unemployed.
2. **Calculating the Unemployment Rate**: To find the rate, you divide the number of unemployed individuals by the total labour force and multiply by 100 to get a percentage.
Formula: Unemployment Rate = (Unemployed / Labour Force) × 100.
**Analysis of Options:**
- **Option a**: 'Employed plus unemployed' is the definition of the labour force itself. Dividing the labour force by the labour force would always equal 1 (or 100%), which is incorrect.
- **Option b**: Total employment divided by population is the 'Employment-to-Population Ratio', not the unemployment rate.
- **Option c**: Labour force divided by population is the 'Labour Force Participation Rate', which measures the proportion of the working-age population that is economically active.
- **Option d**: This correctly identifies the ratio of unemployed persons to the total labour force.
Who Propounded the Idea of ‘Economy of Permanence’?
A)
M.N Roy
B)
J.C Kumarappa
C)
Narayan Agarwal
D)
None of these
The 'Economy of Permanence' is a socio-economic philosophy propounded by J.C. Kumarappa (Jamaluddin Kumarappa), a Gandhian economist. In his seminal work, 'The Economy of Permanence', he argued against the modern industrial economy's focus on consumption and waste. He advocated for a sustainable, decentralized economy based on the principles of nature, where production is geared toward fulfilling basic needs using local resources, thereby ensuring long-term ecological and social stability.
Analysis of other options:
- M.N. Roy was a prominent political theorist and founder of the Radical Humanist movement, focusing more on political philosophy and Marxism than sustainable economic models.
- Narayan Agarwal is not associated with this specific economic theory.
- Therefore, option (b) is the only correct answer.
The Process of implementing the objective into actual Practice becomes the executive.
A)
Functions of workers
B)
Function of management
C)
Function of unions
D)
Labourers
The question describes the process of translating objectives (planning) into actual practice (execution/implementation). In organizational theory, this is the core definition of the 'Executive Function' of management. Management is responsible for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to ensure that the goals of the organization are achieved.
1. Why 'Function of management' is correct: Management acts as the bridge between the strategic goals (objectives) and the operational reality (practice). The 'executive' aspect of management involves decision-making and the implementation of plans.
2. Why 'Functions of workers' is incorrect: Workers execute specific tasks assigned to them, but they do not implement the overarching organizational objectives into practice; they follow the implementation plan created by management.
3. Why 'Function of unions' is incorrect: Trade unions focus on collective bargaining, worker rights, and welfare, not the executive implementation of organizational objectives.
4. Why 'Labourers' is incorrect: Labourers are the workforce that performs the manual or technical work; they are the tools of execution, not the process of 'executive' implementation itself.
The emigration of highly-skilled people from the developing countries is known as
A)
The Brain Drain.
B)
human capital deterioration.
C)
productivity.
D)
labour degradation.
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Analysis of the term: The question asks for the specific term used to describe the emigration of highly-skilled individuals (such as doctors, engineers, scientists, and academics) from developing nations to developed nations.
2. Evaluating Option (a): 'Brain Drain' (also known as human capital flight) is the standard economic and sociological term used to describe the loss of skilled human resources from a country, which typically occurs when professionals seek better pay, working conditions, or political stability abroad.
3. Evaluating Option (b): 'Human capital deterioration' refers to the decline in the quality or skills of the existing workforce (e.g., through lack of training or aging), not necessarily their migration.
4. Evaluating Option (c): 'Productivity' is a measure of efficiency in production (output per unit of input) and is not a term for migration.
5. Evaluating Option (d): 'Labour degradation' generally refers to the worsening of working conditions or the devaluation of labor, not the movement of skilled people across borders.
Conclusion: Option (a) is the only term that accurately describes the phenomenon of skilled emigration.
Amartya K. Sen emphasizes that having enough to eat depends on
A)
society’s system of entitlement.
B)
an egalitarian income distribution.
C)
low poverty rates.
D)
society’s high Gini concentration.
Amartya Sen, in his seminal work 'Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation' (1981), challenged the traditional 'Food Availability Decline' (FAD) theory. He argued that famine and hunger are not necessarily caused by a lack of food availability in a region, but by the failure of 'entitlements'.
1. **Entitlement Theory**: Sen defines entitlement as the set of alternative bundles of commodities that a person can acquire using the resources they own (e.g., wages, land, assets) and the legal/social rules governing exchange.
2. **Why Option (a) is correct**: Sen demonstrated that people can starve even when food is plentiful if they lose their 'entitlement' to it (e.g., a sudden drop in wages for laborers or a spike in food prices), meaning the system of entitlement determines who gets to eat.
3. **Why other options are incorrect**:
- (b) While egalitarian distribution helps, Sen's specific theoretical contribution focuses on the mechanism of 'entitlements' rather than just income distribution.
- (c) Low poverty rates are a result or a correlate, but the 'mechanism' he emphasizes for having enough to eat is the entitlement system.
- (d) A high Gini concentration refers to high inequality, which generally exacerbates hunger, but it is not the theoretical framework Sen uses to explain the process of food access.