← AD (Town Planning)
Past Questions
In the LARR Act 2013, ‘Solatium’ is defined as:
A)
The cost of building structures
B)
Extra compensation for the ‘compulsory nature’ of acquisition
C)
Additional tax on the profit from land sale
D)
The fee paid to the surveyor
Under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (LARR) Act, 2013, solatium means an amount paid over and above the market value as additional compensation for the compulsory acquisition of land. It is meant to offset the hardship caused because the owner is forced to part with the property. Therefore, option (b) is correct. The other options relate to construction cost, tax, or survey fee, which are not the meaning of solatium.
As per CPHEEO guidelines, the water demand for fire fighting is estimated by which of the following equations? (Note: P - Population in 1000s)
A)
50£ P
B)
100 £P
C)
1000£P
D)
2000£P
As per CPHEEO fire demand guidelines, the fire-fighting water demand is estimated by the formula **Q = 100 √P**, where **P** is the population in thousands. This matches option (b). Options (a), (c), and (d) are not the standard CPHEEO expression for fire demand.
Which of the following does not help in disinfecting water?
A)
Filtration
B)
Chlorine tablets
C)
Alums
D)
Boiling
Disinfection means killing disease-causing microorganisms in water. Chlorine tablets and boiling both disinfect water. Filtration can also help by removing many suspended impurities and some microbes, though it is not the main disinfecting method. Alum is mainly used as a coagulant to help settle suspended particles during water clarification; it does not disinfect water.
A ‘Nagar Panchayat’ is a specific type of local body designed for:
A)
A large urban area with millions of residents
B)
A rural village with no commercial activity
C)
An industrial township with mostly rural residents
D)
A transitional area moving from rural to urban
A Nagar Panchayat is a form of urban local body meant for areas that are in transition from rural to urban status. It is typically created for smaller urbanising settlements, not for large cities or purely rural villages. Hence, option (d) is correct. Option (a) describes a large municipal corporation area, (b) is a rural panchayat area, and (c) is closer to an industrial township, not the standard purpose of a Nagar Panchayat.
Collection efficiency in solid waste management is reduced mainly by:
A)
Waste composition
B)
Climatic conditions
C)
Vehicle type
D)
Irregular service coverage
Collection efficiency in solid waste management mainly depends on how regularly and completely waste is collected from all service areas. If collection is irregular or coverage is incomplete, waste accumulates and efficiency drops. Waste composition, climatic conditions, and vehicle type may affect operations, but they are not the main cause of reduced collection efficiency compared with irregular service coverage.
A Master Plan prepared under planning legislation is:
A)
A financial document
B)
A statutory land-use plan
C)
A development manual
D)
A transport policy note
A Master Plan under planning legislation is a legally notified or statutory plan that guides the future use and development of land in a planning area. It lays down land-use zoning, road patterns, public utilities, and development controls. It is not a financial document, a development manual, or merely a transport policy note.
Who postulated Central Place Theory?
A)
Lewis Mumford
B)
Walther Christaller
C)
Tony Garnier
D)
Ludwig Hilberseimer
Central Place Theory was postulated by the German geographer Walther Christaller in 1933. It explains the size, number, and distribution of settlements and their role as 'central places' providing goods and services to surrounding areas. Lewis Mumford, Tony Garnier, and Ludwig Hilberseimer are associated with urban planning and city design ideas, but not with Central Place Theory.
Load Factor in power planning is the ratio of:
A)
Peak load to total capacity
B)
Average load to peak load
C)
Active power to reactive power
D)
Residential load to industrial load
Load factor is defined as the ratio of the average load over a given period to the maximum (peak) load during that period. It indicates how steadily electricity is used.
So, (b) is correct.
- (a) Peak load to total capacity = not load factor.
- (c) Active power to reactive power = power factor-related concept, not load factor.
- (d) Residential load to industrial load = a comparison of load types, not load factor.
Benchmarks providing Authority for solid waste management as per URDPFI:
A)
CPHEEO & Service level benchmarking
B)
SPCB
C)
Municipal
D)
None of the above
URDPFI guidelines refer to solid waste management benchmarks through CPHEEO manuals and service level benchmarking frameworks. CPHEEO (Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation) provides technical guidance, and service level benchmarking is used for assessing municipal service standards. The other options are not the benchmark authority mentioned in URDPFI.
The primary driver of rapid urban growth, especially in developing countries, is:
A)
Suburbanization
B)
Rural-to-urban migration
C)
Urban renewal
D)
Declining rural areas
Rapid urban growth in developing countries is primarily driven by rural-to-urban migration, where people move from villages to cities in search of jobs, education, healthcare, and better living conditions. This increases the urban population quickly. Suburbanization refers to movement from city centers to suburbs, urban renewal is the improvement of existing urban areas, and declining rural areas may contribute indirectly but is not the primary direct driver.
No landfill should be constructed within _____m of a navigable river or stream.
A)
75
B)
80
C)
100
D)
120
As per standard landfill siting guidelines under solid waste management norms, no landfill should be constructed within 100 m of a navigable river or stream. This buffer is meant to prevent contamination and protect water bodies. Hence, option (c) is correct.
As per IS 1742:1960, recommended spacing of manholes on straight reaches on sewer line for diameter upto 0.9m is:
A)
45m
B)
75m
C)
90m
D)
120m
As per standard sewer design practice under IS 1742:1960, the recommended spacing of manholes on straight sewer reaches for pipe diameters up to 0.9 m is 75 m. Larger spacing is permitted for larger diameters, while smaller spacing is used for smaller sewers or at junctions/changes in direction. Hence, the correct answer is 75 m.
In project planning, a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is mainly used to:
A)
Divide work into manageable components
B)
Estimate project financing
C)
Allocate legal responsibilities
D)
Fix contract conditions
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a project planning tool used to break a project into smaller, manageable tasks or deliverables. This helps in organizing, scheduling, and controlling the work effectively. It is not primarily used for financing, legal responsibility allocation, or fixing contract conditions.
For a project activity of 7 days optimistic time, 8 days most likely time and 15 days pessimistic time, the expected duration is:
A)
5 days
B)
13 days
C)
9 days
D)
11 days
This is a PERT time estimate problem. Expected duration = (Optimistic + 4 × Most likely + Pessimistic) / 6. Substituting the values: (7 + 4×8 + 15) / 6 = (7 + 32 + 15) / 6 = 54 / 6 = 9 days. Hence, the correct answer is 9 days. The other options do not match the PERT calculation.
Stormwater drains are designed primarily to:
A)
Supply irrigation water
B)
Remove surface runoff
C)
Recharge reservoirs
D)
Accommodate heavy rainfall
Stormwater drains are built to collect and carry away rainwater flowing over the ground surface, i.e., surface runoff, so that roads and urban areas do not get waterlogged or flooded. Option (a) is incorrect because irrigation water supply is a separate system. Option (c) is incorrect because recharging reservoirs is not the primary function of stormwater drains. Option (d) is too general: drains are designed to handle rainfall-induced runoff, but their main purpose is specifically to remove surface runoff.
The particular task performance in CPM is known as:
A)
Dummy
B)
Event
C)
Activity
D)
Contract
In CPM (Critical Path Method), the actual task or work performed is called an **activity**. An **event** is a point in time marking the start or finish of activities. A **dummy** is a zero-duration element used only to show logical dependency, and a **contract** is not a CPM term.
As per the 74th Amendment, how many functional items are listed under the purview of Municipalities?
A)
29 items
B)
18 items
C)
12 items
D)
24 items
The 74th Constitutional Amendment inserted the 12th Schedule in the Constitution, which lists the functions of Municipalities. It contains 18 items in the original list? No—under the 74th Amendment, the 12th Schedule actually has 18 functional items for Municipalities, but since your options do not include 18 as the standard constitutional answer? Wait: the correct constitutional number is 18. Therefore, among the given options, option (b) is correct.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act makes provisions for: 1. Constitution and Composition of a Municipality 2. Personnel system in a Municipality 3. Relations between elected members (executive) of a municipality and the bureaucracy Choose the correct option from the options given below:
A)
Only 1
B)
1 and 2
C)
1 and 3
D)
1, 2 and 3
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 deals with urban local bodies (Municipalities). It provides for: (1) the constitution and composition of municipalities, (2) provisions relating to municipal personnel and staffing, and (3) the relationship and functional framework between elected municipal bodies and the bureaucracy/administration. Therefore, all three statements are correct.
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act mainly relates to:
A)
Urban local governance
B)
Metropolitan planning
C)
Rural local governance
D)
Regional development authorities
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions, which are the institutions of rural local self-government. It deals with village, intermediate, and district-level Panchayats. Urban local governance is covered by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, not the 73rd. Metropolitan planning and regional development authorities are not the main subject of the 73rd Amendment.
What is the role of ‘The Real Estate(Regulation and Development) Act?
A)
Slum improvement and up-gradation
B)
Urban poverty alleviation
C)
Facilitating land supply and market
D)
Provision of urban amenities and facilities
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) is meant to regulate and promote the real estate sector, protect homebuyers, and ensure transparency and accountability in property development. Among the given options, the closest and correct role related to real estate development and urban infrastructure is provision of urban amenities and facilities. The other options refer to different urban development functions: slum improvement, poverty alleviation, and land market facilitation are not the primary role of RERA.
As per IS 10500-2012, the acceptable limit for chloramine content in drinking water is _____mg/l
A)
10
B)
8
C)
4
D)
25
As per IS 10500:2012 (Drinking Water Specification), the acceptable limit for chloramine in drinking water is 4 mg/l. Hence, option (c) is correct. The other options do not match the standard permissible value.
What is a primary focus of Urban Economics?
A)
Global trade patterns
B)
The spatial organization of firms and households within cities
C)
Monetary policy
D)
Agricultural subsidies
Urban Economics studies how economic activity is arranged in urban areas, especially the location decisions of firms and households, land use, housing, transport, and city growth. Hence, the primary focus is the spatial organization of firms and households within cities. The other options relate to different fields: global trade patterns are international economics, monetary policy is macroeconomics, and agricultural subsidies belong to agricultural/public policy economics.
Which of the following is NOT a major classified solid waste in India?
A)
Hazardous Waste
B)
Plastic Waste
C)
Agricultural Waste
D)
Construction & Demolition Waste
In India, major classified solid waste streams commonly include hazardous waste, plastic waste, and construction & demolition waste under specific waste-management rules. Agricultural waste is generally not listed as a major classified municipal solid waste category in this context; it is usually treated separately as biomass or farm residue.
Which factor is generally considered crucial for locating industries?
A)
Proximity to leisure facilities
B)
Easy access to raw materials, labour, and transportation
C)
High population density
D)
Government tax incentives only
Industries are usually located where key production needs are readily available. Access to raw materials reduces transport cost and delays, availability of labour supports production, and good transportation helps movement of inputs and finished goods. The other options are not generally crucial on their own: leisure facilities are secondary, high population density is not always necessary, and tax incentives alone cannot determine industrial location.
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is a crucial financial metric representing the ______
A)
Annualized rate of return an investment is expected to generate
B)
Quarterly rate of return
C)
Break-Even point
D)
Annual interest
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the discount rate at which the net present value of an investment becomes zero. In simple terms, it represents the annualized rate of return expected from the investment. Option (b) is wrong because IRR is not a quarterly measure. Option (c) is wrong because break-even point refers to no profit/no loss, not the return rate. Option (d) is incomplete and incorrect because IRR is not simply the same as annual interest; it is a project evaluation metric based on cash flows.