← Group B (Gazetted)
Past Questions — 2025
This is a flagship programme of MeitY for startups acceleration under National Policy on Software Products – 2019.
A)
Digital India BHASHINI
B)
SAMRIDH
C)
DigiLocker
D)
YUVAi
The SAMRIDH (Startup Accelerator of MeitY for Product Innovation, Development and Growth) programme was launched by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) to support and accelerate software product startups under the National Policy on Software Products – 2019. It aims to provide funding, mentorship, and market access to early-stage startups.
- Option 'a' (Digital India BHASHINI) is an AI-led language translation platform aimed at breaking language barriers in digital services.
- Option 'c' (DigiLocker) is a cloud-based platform for the issuance, storage, and verification of documents and certificates.
- Option 'd' (YUVAi) is a national program designed to equip school students with AI skills and readiness.
The Inner Line Regulation of Mizoram is enforced following which of the following?
A)
The Assam Reorganisation Act, 1973
B)
The Eastern Bengal Frontier Regulation, 1873
C)
The Mizoram Inner Line Regulation Act, 1951
D)
The North Eastern Region Reorganisation Regulation, 1971
The Inner Line Permit (ILP) system in Mizoram is enforced under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation (BEFR), 1873 (referred to in the options as The Eastern Bengal Frontier Regulation, 1873). Originally enacted by the British to protect their commercial interests, it is now used to safeguard the indigenous tribal populations, their culture, and land from exploitation and demographic changes. The other options are incorrect because the Assam Reorganisation Act and the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, deal with the political reorganization and creation of states in Northeast India, and there is no such legislation as the Mizoram Inner Line Regulation Act, 1951.
Another name for ‘Dingdi puan tah’ is:
A)
Hrangkhupa se dar
B)
Sikeisen
C)
Khiangte zawng zim
D)
Vanpui saihrua
In Mizo traditional weaving and culture, 'Dingdi puan tah' is another name for the traditional pattern known as 'Sikeisen'. The other options, namely 'Hrangkhupa se dar', 'Khiangte zawng zim', and 'Vanpui saihrua', refer to other distinct traditional Mizo patterns and designs, making them incorrect in this context.
Dr MS Swaminathan is often referred to as:
A)
Father of Green Revolution in India
B)
Father of White Revolution in India
C)
Father of Indian Nuclear Program
D)
Father of Indian Space Program
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is widely recognized as the 'Father of Green Revolution in India' for his monumental role in introducing and developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice in India during the 1960s, which significantly increased food production and made the country self-sufficient.
Here is why the other options are incorrect:
- Option b: Dr. Verghese Kurien is known as the 'Father of the White Revolution' in India for his role in Operation Flood, which made India the world's largest milk producer.
- Option c: Dr. Homi J. Bhabha is known as the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Program'.
- Option d: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is known as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program'.
Which of the following is not related to Puma Zai?
A)
Hrangchhawni zai
B)
Mutelen zai
C)
Darpawngi zai
D)
Chalmar zai
Puma Zai is a highly popular Mizo folk song/tune that originated around 1907-1908. As it spread rapidly across different regions of Mizoram, it came to be known by various local names, including 'Mutelen zai', 'Darpawngi zai', and 'Chalmar zai'. On the other hand, 'Hrangchhawni zai' is a distinct, independent traditional Mizo song named after a woman named Hrangchhawni, and it has no relation to the Puma Zai tunes or movement.
Pointing to Mrs. D, Mr. R said, “She is the sister of my sister’s father”. How is Mrs. D related to Mr. R?
A)
Aunt
B)
Mother -in-law
C)
Grandmother
D)
Mother
1. Break down the statement: 'My sister's father' is Mr. R's own father.
2. Therefore, 'the sister of my sister's father' translates to the sister of Mr. R's father.
3. A father's sister is one's Aunt. Thus, Mrs. D is Mr. R's Aunt, making option 'a' the correct answer.
4. Other options are incorrect: 'Mother' (option d) is the female parent, 'Grandmother' (option c) is the parent's mother, and 'Mother-in-law' (option b) is the spouse's mother.
Siaha District, though now a distinct administrative unit, has a historical connection to another district in Mizoram. In 1998, a division occurred that led to Siaha District’s current form. What was the brief interim name given to the half that eventually became Siaha District immediately after this split?
A)
Mara Autonomous District
B)
Saiha District
C)
Chhimtuipui District
D)
Lunglei District
In 1998, the erstwhile Chhimtuipui District of Mizoram was bifurcated into two districts: Lawngtlai District and Saiha District. The eastern half was initially named 'Saiha District'. Later, the spelling was officially changed to 'Siaha District' to align with the local Mara language (where 'Siaha' translates to 'elephant tooth/tusk'). Option 'a' (Mara Autonomous District) refers to the autonomous council rather than the administrative district itself. Option 'c' (Chhimtuipui District) was the parent district before the split. Option 'd' (Lunglei District) is a separate district in Mizoram.
The maximum mass a white dwarf star can have while remaining stable (beyond which it will collapse under its own gravity, potentially forming a neutron star or a black hole) is known as:
A)
Chandrasekhar limit
B)
Saha Ionisation equation
C)
Bose-Einstein condensate
D)
Wien’s Displacement
The correct option is 'a' (Chandrasekhar limit). The Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass a stable white dwarf star can have (approximately 1.4 solar masses). Beyond this limit, electron degeneracy pressure is insufficient to resist gravitational collapse, leading the star to collapse into a neutron star or black hole.
Why other options are incorrect:
- 'b' (Saha Ionisation equation) relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure.
- 'c' (Bose-Einstein condensate) is a state of matter formed when a dilute gas of bosons is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.
- 'd' (Wien’s Displacement) is a law of physics stating that the wavelength of peak emission from a black body is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
Choose the correct word for ‘mother:child::cloud: ___________’.
A)
Weather
B)
Vapour
C)
Rain
D)
River
The analogy represents a 'producer to product' or 'source to offspring' relationship. A mother gives birth to or produces a child. Similarly, a cloud produces rain. Therefore, 'Rain' is the correct fit. Other options are incorrect because: 'Weather' is a broad atmospheric state rather than a direct product of a cloud; 'Vapour' is what condenses to form a cloud (the reverse relationship); and a 'River' is fed by rain but is not the direct immediate product of a cloud.
Which is the odd word out?
A)
Murmur
B)
Whisper
C)
Hearken
D)
Burble
"Hearken" is the odd word out because it means to listen or pay attention, which is an act of receiving sound. In contrast, "Murmur", "Whisper", and "Burble" all refer to the act of producing low, soft, or continuous sounds or speaking in a certain manner (sound production).
The first known organization formed by the Mizos, the ‘Lushai Students’ Association’ (Mizo Zirho Pawl), was established in 1924 by Mizo students in which of the following cities?
A)
Aizawl, Lunglei, and Shillong
B)
Calcutta, Gauhati, and Shillong
C)
Aizawl, Calcutta, and Gauhati
D)
Lunglei, Gauhati, and Shillong
Option B is correct: Calcutta, Gauhati, and Shillong.
What were the primary factors leading to the evolution and incorporation of the Sixth Schedule provision in the Constitution of India, which subsequently enabled the emergence of Autonomous District Councils like those in Mizoram?
A)
The British colonial administration’s desire to maintain control over tribal areas and exploit their resources.
B)
The tribal desire for political autonomy and their quest for economic development.
C)
The need to integrate tribal communities fully into the mainstream administrative structure of India.
D)
The recommendations of the Cabinet Mission to establish direct central rule over all tribal regions.
The correct option is 'b'. The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India was formulated based on the recommendations of the Gopinath Bordoloi Committee (a subcommittee of the Constituent Assembly). The primary factor behind its evolution was to address and accommodate the tribal communities' strong desire for political autonomy, self-governance, and economic development, while protecting their distinct cultural identity, land, and traditional customs.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option 'a' is incorrect because the Sixth Schedule is a post-independence constitutional framework designed to empower tribal populations, rather than a British colonial tool aimed at resource exploitation.
- Option 'c' is incorrect because the Sixth Schedule was designed to provide autonomy and protect tribal distinctiveness, rather than forcing complete integration or assimilation into the mainstream administrative structure of India.
- Option 'd' is incorrect because the Cabinet Mission did not recommend direct central rule over tribal areas; instead, the framework of autonomy was developed by the Constituent Assembly's advisory committees to ensure local self-governance.
In the context of India’s strategic materials development, ‘Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited’ (MIDHANI), a DPSU, plays a critical role. It is specialized in the manufacturing of:
A)
Semiconductor wafers and integrated circuits.
B)
High-purity optical fibres for telecommunications.
C)
Superalloys, titanium, and special-purpose steels for defence, space, and atomic energy sectors.
D)
Composite materials for the light combat aircraft.
Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI), established in 1973 under the Ministry of Defence, is a specialized Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSU) focused on achieving self-reliance in the research, development, and manufacture of critical strategic materials. Its core expertise lies in manufacturing superalloys, titanium alloys, and special-purpose steels essential for high-tech applications in defence, space, and atomic energy. Other options are incorrect because MIDHANI does not specialize in semiconductor fabrication (Option a), optical fibres (Option b), or primary composite materials for aircraft (Option d), which are handled by other specialized public/private entities.
Regarding the division of property upon dissolution of a marriage, under what specific circumstance will a woman who leaves her husband on ‘sumchhuah’ still retain rights over the acquired property?
A)
If her husband initiates the ‘sumchhuah’ by returning the marriage price.
B)
If she was compelled to leave due to her husband’s domestic violence or cruelty.
C)
If the separation is by mutual consent.
D)
If she has been deserted by her husband for at least two years.
Under Mizo customary law, 'Sumchhuah' is a form of divorce where the wife leaves her husband, which typically results in her forfeiting her rights to the joint or acquired property. However, an exception is made if she is compelled to leave her husband's house due to his cruelty, domestic violence, or severe ill-treatment. In such cases, the departure is not considered voluntary; instead, it is treated as constructive 'Mak' (divorce initiated by the husband), allowing the wife to retain her rights over the acquired property. Option (a) is incorrect because 'Sumchhuah' is initiated by the wife, not the husband. Option (c) refers to mutual consent divorce, which follows different customary rules. Option (d) refers to desertion, which is a separate ground for divorce and does not specifically govern the exception to property forfeiture under 'Sumchhuah'.
Water passes from soil to plant roots by a physical process called?
A)
Osmosis
B)
Diffusion
C)
Absorption
D)
Transpiration
1. **Osmosis** is the correct answer because it is the specific physical process by which water molecules move from an area of higher water potential (the soil) to an area of lower water potential (inside the root hair cells) through a semi-permeable membrane.
2. **Diffusion** is incorrect because, although osmosis is a type of diffusion, diffusion refers generally to the movement of any substance (like gases or solutes) without necessarily involving a semi-permeable membrane.
3. **Absorption** is incorrect because it is a general biological term for taking in substances, rather than the specific physical mechanism of water transport.
4. **Transpiration** is incorrect because it is the process of water loss (as vapor) from the leaves of the plant, not the uptake of water by the roots.
Which of the following is an example of thermonuclear fusion reaction?
A)
Hydrogen bomb
B)
Nuclear bomb
C)
Release of nuclear energy in the sun
D)
Both (a) and (c)
Thermonuclear fusion is a process where lighter atomic nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus under extremely high temperatures and pressures, releasing a massive amount of energy. Both the Hydrogen bomb (option a) and the Sun's energy production (option c) are classic examples of this process. In a Hydrogen bomb, an initial fission reaction provides the extreme heat required to trigger the fusion of hydrogen isotopes. In the Sun, immense gravitational pressure and core temperatures drive the fusion of hydrogen into helium. On the other hand, a standard 'Nuclear bomb' (option b), also known as an atomic bomb, relies primarily on nuclear fission (the splitting of heavy nuclei like Uranium or Plutonium) rather than fusion.
What should come in place of ‘a’ in the equation 38a4 + 98 = 3942?
A)
2
B)
4
C)
6
D)
8
To find the value of 'a', we can solve the equation step-by-step:
1. Subtract 98 from both sides of the equation:
38a4 = 3942 - 98
38a4 = 3844
2. By comparing the digits of the four-digit number 38a4 with 3844, we can see that the tens digit 'a' must be 4.
- Option 'a' (2) is incorrect because 3824 + 98 = 3922 ≠ 3942.
- Option 'c' (6) is incorrect because 3864 + 98 = 3962 ≠ 3942.
- Option 'd' (8) is incorrect because 3884 + 98 = 3982 ≠ 3942.
The ‘5G High Level Forum’ appointed by the Government of India outlined the vision for 5G in the country. A key recommendation, distinguishing its vision from a purely commercial rollout, was to primarily leverage 5G for:
A)
Enhancing urban mobile broadband speeds to compete with global standards.
B)
Societal benefits by focusing on applications in healthcare, agriculture, and smart cities.
C)
Reducing the operational cost for telecom operators.
D)
Replacing all existing 4G infrastructures with indigenous 5G equipment.
The '5G High Level Forum' set up by the Government of India submitted its report 'Making India 5G Ready' with a vision to leverage 5G for broader societal transformation. While commercial rollouts globally focus primarily on high-speed mobile broadband, India's vision specifically emphasized using 5G to deliver social benefits in key sectors like agriculture, healthcare, education, and smart cities. Option A and C represent standard commercial and operational goals rather than the distinguishing national vision. Option D is incorrect as 5G is designed to coexist with and leverage existing 4G infrastructure, not completely replace it immediately.
ISRO’s successful development of high-thrust cryogenic engine technology, crucial for its GSLV Mk-III (LVM3) launch vehicle, involved overcoming the extreme challenge of handling:
A)
Liquid hydrogen at -253°C and liquid oxygen at -183°C.
B)
Refined kerosene (RP-1) and solid aluminum propellants.
C)
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and nitrogen tetroxide.
D)
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) under hypergolic conditions.
Option 'a' is correct because cryogenic engines utilize propellants stored at extremely low (cryogenic) temperatures. For ISRO's high-thrust CE-20 cryogenic engine used in the LVM3 (GSLV Mk-III), the propellants are liquid hydrogen (LH2) as fuel, which must be maintained at -253°C, and liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer, maintained at -183°C. Option 'b' is incorrect because refined kerosene (RP-1) and solid aluminum are semi-cryogenic and solid propellants, respectively. Options 'c' and 'd' are incorrect because UDMH, MMH, and nitrogen tetroxide are storable hypergolic propellants that remain liquid at room temperature and do not require cryogenic cooling.
Khawnglung Run was during which of the following wars?
A)
Chhim leh Hmar indo.
B)
Chhak leh Thlang indo.
C)
Thlanrawn rawt.
D)
Halkha indo.
Khawnglung Run (the tragic raid and massacre of Khawnglung village) occurred in 1856. This event took place during the 'Chhim leh Hmar indo' (the war between the Southern and Northern chiefs of Mizoram), making option 'a' the correct answer.
- **Chhak leh Thlang indo** (East and West War) occurred later, between 1877 and 1880, and is a different conflict in Mizo history.
- **Thlanrawn rawt** and **Halkha indo** refer to other distinct historical conflicts and raids that are unrelated to the specific event of the Khawnglung Run.
The Indian ‘Kavach’ system for train safety relies on the principle of ultra-high frequency radio communication between stationary track-side equipment and the locomotive. This technology is most accurately classified as:
A)
Optical Fibre Communication (OFC) based signaling.
B)
Long-range (LoRa) wide area network.
C)
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag interrogation.
D)
Satellite-based augmentation via GAGAN.
1. **Why Option C is correct:** The 'Kavach' system utilizes RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology as a core component. Passive RFID tags are installed on the railway tracks (stationary track-side), and RFID readers are fitted inside the locomotive. As the train passes over these tags, the reader interrogates them using Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) radio waves to determine the exact location, direction, and speed of the train, ensuring collision avoidance.
2. **Why other options are incorrect:**
- **Option A (OFC):** Optical Fibre Communication is a wired medium used for ground-based network backbones between stations, not for wireless communication with a moving locomotive.
- **Option B (LoRa):** Long-Range (LoRa) WAN is a low-power wireless technology designed for IoT devices with low data rates, which does not meet the high-reliability, real-time safety standards (SIL-4) required by Kavach.
- **Option D (GAGAN):** GAGAN is India's satellite-based GPS augmentation system primarily used in aviation, whereas Kavach relies on ground-based RFID and UHF radio networks for precise train safety.
The ‘SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0’ is an initiative by the Department of Heavy Industry to promote Industry 4.0 in India. It focuses on the development of interconnected systems where manufacturing efficiency is enhanced by bridging the gap between:
A)
Traditional craftsmanship and modern design.
B)
Large-scale industries and Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
C)
The physical world of industrial machinery and the digital world of data and analytics.
D)
Public sector manufacturing units and private sector technology providers.
The 'SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0' initiative aims to facilitate the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the Indian manufacturing sector. Industry 4.0 (the Fourth Industrial Revolution) is characterized by cyber-physical systems, which integrate physical manufacturing machinery with digital technologies like IoT, AI, cloud computing, and data analytics to optimize production. Therefore, option C is correct. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they describe design integration, enterprise-scale collaboration, or public-private partnerships, none of which define the core technological essence of Industry 4.0.
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : There is a positive relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ranking of Indian States. Reason (R) : The underlying dimension of SDG targets are closely related to education and health aspects. Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
A)
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B)
(A) is false but (R) is true.
C)
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
D)
(A) is true but (R) is false.
1. **Why Option 'c' is correct**: Both statements are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on three key dimensions: health (life expectancy), education (mean and expected years of schooling), and standard of living. Similarly, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) heavily emphasize these same dimensions, particularly through SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 4 (Quality Education). Because the underlying targets of SDGs are deeply intertwined with health and education, Indian states that perform well in human development (HDI) naturally achieve higher rankings in the SDG India Index, establishing a strong positive relationship between the two.
2. **Why other options are incorrect**:
- **Option 'a'** is incorrect because (R) directly provides the causal link for (A); the overlap in health and education dimensions is the precise reason why HDI and SDG rankings are positively correlated.
- **Options 'b' and 'd'** are incorrect because both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are factually correct statements based on development economics and NITI Aayog's reports on Indian states.
What is the primary objective of Public Sector in India?
A)
Global expansion
B)
Social welfare
C)
Maximization of profit
D)
Competitive market
The primary objective of the Public Sector in India is to promote social welfare and ensure balanced, equitable economic growth. Unlike the private sector, which operates primarily for profit, the public sector is driven by a service motive to build infrastructure, generate employment, and reduce regional and income disparities.
- Option 'a' (Global expansion) is incorrect because global expansion is a secondary growth strategy for select enterprises, not the foundational objective of the public sector.
- Option 'c' (Maximization of profit) is incorrect because profit maximization is the primary goal of private enterprises, whereas the public sector prioritizes public interest over profits.
- Option 'd' (Competitive market) is incorrect because establishing a competitive market is a regulatory or macroeconomic policy goal, not the direct primary objective of public sector undertakings.
Who had opposed the Champaran Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi?
A)
Rabindranath Tagore
B)
N.G. Ranga
C)
Rajkumar Shukla
D)
Rajendra Prasad
N.G. Ranga opposed the Champaran Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi as he had differences with Gandhi's leadership and methods during this movement. On the other hand:
- Rabindranath Tagore (Option a) supported Gandhi and actually bestowed the title of 'Mahatma' upon him during the Champaran Satyagraha.
- Rajkumar Shukla (Option c) was the local peasant leader who actively persuaded Gandhi to visit Champaran to address the grievances of the indigo farmers.
- Rajendra Prasad (Option d) was one of the prominent leaders who actively supported and assisted Gandhi during the Satyagraha.