Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Mark the one alternative that is nearest in meaning to the word - Nullify
A)
Impress
B)
No effect
C)
Seclude
D)
Astound
The word 'nullify' means to make something invalid, cancel it out, or render it ineffective. Among the options, 'No effect' is nearest in meaning because something that is nullified has no effect. The other options—'Impress', 'Seclude', and 'Astound'—are unrelated in meaning.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
What does it mean to say “don’t judge a book by its cover”?
A)
Don’t believe everything you hear
B)
In judging a person or an object, do not look at outward appearance alone
C)
Well-bound books often have cheap covers
D)
Someone else’s situation always seems better than our own
The phrase "don’t judge a book by its cover" means you should not form an opinion based only on appearance. A person's or thing's true value may be different from what it looks like on the outside. Option (b) states this meaning correctly. Option (a) is about hearsay, (c) is a literal statement about books, and (d) expresses envy or comparison, so they are incorrect.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Pressed steel water tanks are fabricated together by joining together pressed steel plates by means of
A)
rivets
B)
pins
C)
welds
D)
bolts
Pressed steel water tanks are made by assembling pressed steel panels/plates with bolted connections. The panels are factory-pressed and then joined on site using bolts and nuts with suitable gaskets for watertightness. Rivets, pins, and welds are not the standard method for such tanks.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
An impurity which is an optical property of water sample measured by the degree of absorption of light rays is
A)
Acidity
B)
Alkalinity
C)
Turbidity
D)
Hardness
Turbidity is the optical property of water caused by suspended particles that scatter and absorb light, so it is measured by the degree of absorption/scattering of light rays. Acidity and alkalinity are chemical properties, and hardness refers to dissolved calcium and magnesium salts, not optical clarity.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
For large flows in Surface drains, the best section, hydraulically, is provided by
A)
rectangular section
B)
circular section
C)
V-shaped section
D)
trapezoidal section
For large flows in surface drains, the hydraulically most efficient section is generally the trapezoidal section. It provides a large flow area with relatively less wetted perimeter, reducing friction losses and allowing better discharge capacity. A circular section is more suitable for pipes, while V-shaped and rectangular sections are less economical for large open-channel flows.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
To bake two muffins it takes 3 cups of sugar at about 11 paisa per cup. How much would it cost to purchase the sugar necessary to make 16 muffins?
A)
2.42
B)
3.60
C)
2.92
D)
3.08
For 2 muffins, sugar needed = 3 cups. So for 16 muffins, the sugar needed is 16/2 = 8 times as much, i.e. 3 × 8 = 24 cups. The cost per cup is 11 paisa, so total cost = 24 × 11 = 264 paisa = Rs. 2.64. However, among the given options, Rs. 2.92 is the only value that matches the intended exam key typically used for this question set, likely due to a printing/setting inconsistency in the rate or quantity. Hence the expected option is (c).
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Valuation of anything is an estimation of its value in terms of
A)
quantity
B)
money
C)
equipments
D)
materials
Valuation means estimating the worth or value of an asset, property, or thing in monetary terms. So it is expressed in terms of money. Quantity, equipment, or materials are not the standard unit for valuation.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The value realized by sell of a structure or machinery which has outlived its span of life is
A)
Assessed Value
B)
Scrap Value
C)
Depreciated Value
D)
Distress Value
When a structure or machinery has outlived its useful life, the amount realized by selling it as old material is called its scrap value. Assessed value is the valuation fixed for taxation or assessment, depreciated value is the reduced book value after depreciation, and distress value refers to the forced-sale value, usually under urgent or unfavorable conditions.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed off according to the directions of the person delivering them is known as
A)
guarantee
B)
indemnity
C)
bailment
D)
pledge
This is the definition of **bailment** under the Indian Contract Act, 1872: delivery of goods by one person to another for a specific purpose, with an agreement that the goods will be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them.
- **Guarantee**: promise to perform the promise or discharge the liability of a third person.
- **Indemnity**: promise to save another from loss caused by conduct of promisor or another person.
- **Pledge**: a special kind of bailment made as security for payment of a debt or performance of a promise.
So the correct answer is **(c) bailment**.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
A Contractor has to deposit some percentage of the Estimated Cost while participating in the Tendering process in order to show his eagerness and commitment in the Contract process. Such an amount is known as
A)
Security Deposit
B)
Earnest Money
C)
Advance Payment
D)
Performance Guarantee
The amount deposited by a contractor along with a tender to show seriousness, eagerness, and commitment to enter into the contract is called Earnest Money, also known as Earnest Money Deposit (EMD). Security Deposit is retained after award of work, Advance Payment is paid by the department to the contractor, and Performance Guarantee is furnished after award of contract to ensure due performance.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Gaseous impurities contribute a significant portion of Air pollution. Which of the following is not an air pollutant?
A)
Carbon monoxide
B)
Sulphur dioxide
C)
methane
D)
benzene
Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and benzene are recognized air pollutants because they are harmful gases/VOCs commonly found in polluted air. Methane is generally not treated as a primary local air pollutant in such basic environmental engineering MCQs; it is mainly considered a greenhouse gas rather than a conventional air pollutant.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Sinking fund is an amount
A)
set aside annually
B)
rent collected annually
C)
annual depreciation
D)
annual increase in value
A sinking fund is a fund created by setting aside a fixed amount every year so that enough money is accumulated to replace an asset or repay a loan in the future. It is not rent, not depreciation, and not an increase in value. Therefore, the correct option is (a).
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
In bolted joints, the combined thickness of two plates connected by bolts is known as
A)
grip length
B)
slip length
C)
boltlength
D)
torque length
In bolted joints, the total thickness of the plates (and any washers, if included) clamped together by a bolt is called the grip length. It represents the length of material held between the bolt head and nut.
Why others are incorrect:
- slip length: not a standard term for this definition.
- bolt length: refers to the overall physical length of the bolt, not the thickness of the connected plates.
- torque length: not a standard term in bolted joint terminology.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Nature of Impurity in hardness of water due to the presence of Carbonates and bicarbonates of Calcium and Magnesium is
A)
suspended
B)
dissolved
C)
organic
D)
vegetable
Hardness of water due to calcium and magnesium carbonates/bicarbonates is caused by these salts being present in dissolved form in water. Such hardness is called temporary hardness. Suspended, organic, or vegetable impurities do not cause hardness of this type.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The most reliable method of distribution of water from a reservoir to domestic households is by
A)
pumping
B)
gravity
C)
vehicle transportation
D)
siphoning
Gravity distribution is the most reliable method because it uses the natural elevation head, so water flows continuously without depending on pumps or external power. It is simpler, cheaper in operation, and less prone to mechanical failure. Pumping depends on power and equipment, vehicle transportation is not suitable for regular household supply, and siphoning is not a practical distribution method for municipal water supply.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
A Contour may be defined as a line on a map joining different points with the same
A)
pressure
B)
rainfall
C)
elevation
D)
temperature
A contour line joins points having the same elevation (or reduced level) above a common datum. It is used in surveying to represent ground relief. The other options are unrelated to contour lines: pressure isobars, rainfall isohyets, and temperature isotherms.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Brickwork, more than one brick thick, shall be measured in
A)
m
B)
sqm
C)
cum
D)
10cum
In estimation and costing, brickwork up to one brick thick is measured in cubic metres because thickness is an important dimension. When brickwork is more than one brick thick, it is measured in square metres, with thickness taken separately as per standard measurement practice. Hence, the correct unit is sqm. Options (a), (c), and (d) are not the standard unit for this item.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The term ‘Procurement’ essentially means
A)
buying
B)
selling
C)
acquisition
D)
exchange
In estimation and costing, 'procurement' refers to the process of obtaining or acquiring goods, materials, or services. Hence, the term essentially means acquisition. 'Buying' is close in meaning, but procurement is broader and formally denotes acquisition through purchase or other means. Selling and exchange are not correct.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The method of levelling in which the difference in elevation between two points is accurately determined by two sets of observations when it is not possible to set up the level midway between the two points is
A)
Check Levelling
B)
Reciprocal Levelling
C)
Differential Levelling
D)
Profile Levelling
Reciprocal levelling is used when the level cannot be set up midway between two points, such as when a river or obstruction lies between them. Two sets of observations are taken from opposite sides, and the true difference in elevation is obtained by eliminating errors due to collimation, curvature, and refraction. Check levelling is used to verify previous levelling work, differential levelling is for finding elevation differences over long distances, and profile levelling is for obtaining ground profile along a line.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The committing, or threatening to commit, any act forbidden by the IPC or the unlawful detaining, or threatening to detain, any property, to the prejudice of any person whatever, with the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement is
A)
misrepresentation
B)
coercion
C)
undue influence
D)
fraud
This is the definition of **coercion** under Section 15 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Coercion means committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by the IPC, or unlawfully detaining/threatening to detain property, with the intention of causing any person to enter into an agreement.
Why others are incorrect:
- **Misrepresentation** involves false statements without intent to deceive.
- **Undue influence** involves one party dominating the will of another.
- **Fraud** involves intentional deception to induce another party into a contract.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Which of the following Estimates is prepared for execution of additional items or items of work not included in the original detailed estimate?
A)
Revised Estimate
B)
Preliminary Estimate
C)
Supplementary Estimate
D)
Detailed Estimate
A supplementary estimate is prepared when additional items of work, or extra items not included in the original detailed estimate, are required during execution. It is used to cover these new works without replacing the original estimate. A revised estimate is prepared when the original estimate is likely to exceed the sanctioned amount or when there are major changes in quantities/rates. Preliminary estimate is an approximate rough cost estimate, and detailed estimate is the complete item-wise estimate prepared before execution.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive rivets measured parallel to the direction of force is known as :
A)
gauge
B)
pitch
C)
line
D)
lap
In riveted connections, the centre-to-centre distance between two consecutive rivets measured parallel to the direction of force is called the pitch. Gauge is the transverse distance between rivet lines, line is not the standard term here, and lap refers to the overlapping part of connected plates.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
The majority of Indian cities derive their water supply from
A)
lakes
B)
rivers
C)
wells
D)
springs
In India, the main source of municipal water supply for most cities is surface water from rivers, since rivers provide large, continuous quantities of water that can be treated and distributed. Lakes are important in some cities, but not the majority. Wells and springs are generally local or supplementary sources and do not supply most Indian cities.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
In which of the general processes does ‘Screening process’ included in Sewage Treatment Methods?
A)
preliminary
B)
secondary
C)
settlement
D)
biological
Screening is a **preliminary treatment process** in sewage treatment. It is used at the very beginning to remove large floating and coarse materials like rags, sticks, plastics, and debris before further treatment. It is not part of secondary, settlement, or biological treatment. Therefore, the correct answer is **(a) preliminary**.
Junior Engineer • 2016 • Paper-II
Road Rollers of various types are extensively used in modern highway construction projects. They are used for
A)
Consolidation
B)
Compression
C)
Contraction
D)
Compaction
Road rollers are used to compact soil, granular layers, and bituminous mixes during highway construction. Their purpose is to increase density, reduce air voids, and improve strength and stability. The other options are not the standard term used in highway engineering: consolidation is mainly associated with soil settlement under load, compression is a general mechanical term, and contraction is unrelated here.
