← Junior Engineer
Past Questions — 2016
The law, which states that strain is proportional to the stress producing it, is called
A)
Newton law
B)
Hooke’s law
C)
Goodman’s law
D)
None of these
Hooke’s law states that, within the elastic limit, strain is directly proportional to the stress producing it. This is the fundamental stress-strain relation in Strength of Materials. Newton’s law and Goodman’s law do not describe this proportionality.
The specification for the shapes, sizes and finishes are furnished to the shop by part drawings or manufacturing drawings. These specifications are often called
A)
Quality characteristics
B)
Standard measurements
C)
Engineering drawings
D)
None of these
Part drawings or manufacturing drawings furnish the specifications of shape, size, and finish to the shop. Such drawings are commonly called engineering drawings because they communicate the technical details needed for manufacture. The other options do not correctly describe this standard term.
Which is not one of the principal parts of a Column & Knee type of milling machine?
A)
Piston ring
B)
Knee
C)
Base
D)
Column
A column-and-knee type milling machine has principal parts such as the base, column, knee, saddle, table, overarm, and spindle. The piston ring is an engine component, not a milling machine part. Therefore, it is the option that is not one of the principal parts.
Any member of a structure which is in compression may be called
A)
A column
B)
A truss
C)
A strut
D)
None of these
A structural member that carries compressive force is generally called a strut. In strength of materials, a strut is any member subjected to axial compression. A column is also a compression member, but the broader and more general term for any compressed member is strut. A truss is an assembly of members, not a single compressive member. Therefore, the correct answer is A strut.
A welding which is done by burning a combustible gas with air or oxygen in a concentrated flame of high temperature is
A)
Braze welding
B)
Electric welding
C)
Gas welding
D)
Arc welding
The process described uses a combustible gas burned with air or oxygen to produce a concentrated high-temperature flame. This is the definition of gas welding. Braze welding uses a filler metal without melting the base metal, while electric welding and arc welding use electrical energy, not a gas flame.
Certain statistical techniques have been derived to evaluate machines, materials and processes by observing capabilities and trends so that continual analysis and predictions may be made to control the desired quality level. The statistical techniques are called
A)
Fundamental of statistics
B)
Statistical quality control methods
C)
Sampling inspection
D)
None of these
The question describes statistical techniques used to evaluate machines, materials, and processes by observing variation, capabilities, and trends to maintain and control quality. This is the definition of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods.
- (a) Fundamentals of statistics: too broad; not specifically for quality control.
- (b) Statistical quality control methods: correct, because SQC uses statistical tools to monitor and control quality.
- (c) Sampling inspection: only one part of SQC, focused on accepting/rejecting lots, not the full set of techniques described.
- (d) None of these: incorrect because option (b) matches the description.
The melting point of pure iron is
A)
1355°C
B)
1500°C
C)
1553°C
D)
1535°C
Pure iron melts at about 1535°C (often quoted as 1538°C in some references). Among the given options, 1535°C is the correct and closest standard value. The other options are too low and do not match the known melting point of iron.
In factories the power or rotary motion from one shaft to another is usually transmitted by means of
A)
Crankshaft
B)
Belts or ropes
C)
HT lines
D)
None of these
In factories, rotary motion and power are commonly transmitted from one shaft to another using belts or ropes. They are simple, economical, and suitable for transmitting motion over some distance. Crankshafts are used to convert reciprocating motion to rotary motion, and HT lines are used for electrical power transmission, not mechanical shaft-to-shaft power transmission.
Which of the following is not basic area of inspection?
A)
Receiving inspection
B)
Final inspection
C)
Inprocess inspection
D)
Production
Basic areas of inspection include receiving inspection, in-process inspection, and final inspection. These are standard stages where quality is checked before, during, and after manufacturing. Production is a manufacturing activity, not an inspection area. Hence, the correct answer is Production.
The maximum permissible variation in the size of the part is
A)
Basic dimensions
B)
Tolerance
C)
Clearance
D)
None of these
The maximum permissible variation in the size of a part from its basic size is called **tolerance**. It defines the allowed upper and lower limits of size during manufacturing.
- **Basic dimension** is the nominal or theoretical size, not the permitted variation.
- **Clearance** is the intentional gap between mating parts, not the variation itself.
- Therefore, the correct answer is **tolerance**.
In forging operation of cutting tools of carbon steel, the operation should be carried out at
A)
850 to 950°C
B)
950 to 1050°C
C)
1050 to 1150°C
D)
None of these
Carbon steel cutting tools are forged in the lower austenitic range to avoid overheating, grain growth, and loss of hardness. For such tools, the recommended forging temperature is about 850 to 950°C. Higher ranges like 950 to 1050°C or 1050 to 1150°C are too hot for carbon steel cutting tools and may damage their properties.
The power (in horse power) transmitted by a belt drive is (T1 = belt tension in tight side, T2 = belt tension in loose side and V = belt speed)
A)
Power = (T1-T2)V
B)
Power = (T1+T2)V
C)
Power = T1V
D)
None of these
In a belt drive, the effective driving force is the difference between the tight-side tension and the loose-side tension, i.e. (T1 - T2). Power transmitted equals force × velocity, so P = (T1 - T2)V. Hence option (a) is correct. Option (b) uses the sum of tensions, which is not the net driving force, and option (c) ignores the loose-side tension, so both are incorrect.
Which of the following is not a type of Boring machine?
A)
Slotting machine
B)
Jigboring machine
C)
Horizontal boring machine
D)
Vertical boring machine
Boring machines are used to enlarge existing holes with high accuracy. Common types include horizontal boring machines, vertical boring machines, and jig boring machines. A slotting machine is a machine tool used for cutting slots, grooves, and keyways using a vertical reciprocating tool; it is not a boring machine.
Things which are used to fasten the various parts of an assembly together are called
A)
Bolts and screws
B)
Springs
C)
Bearings
D)
None of these
Fasteners are machine elements used to join or fasten parts of an assembly together. Among the given options, bolts and screws are standard fastening elements. Springs are used to absorb shocks or store energy, and bearings support relative motion between parts, so they are not fasteners.
What is a prime consideration in designing the new plant building?
A)
Material handling
B)
Drawings
C)
Machine loading
D)
Value engineering
In industrial engineering, a prime consideration in designing a new plant building is efficient material handling, because the building layout must support smooth movement of materials, reduce travel distance, and minimize delays and handling cost. Drawings are only a planning document, machine loading is a scheduling concern, and value engineering is a cost-reduction technique rather than the primary design consideration for the building itself.
The operation of removing trapped air from hydraulic braking system is known as
A)
Tapping
B)
Trapping
C)
Bleeding
D)
Pressurization
In a hydraulic braking system, trapped air must be removed because air is compressible and reduces braking efficiency. The process of expelling this air is called bleeding. Tapping, trapping, and pressurization are not the standard term for this operation.
Which of the following does not form a part of equipments which are commonly used for electric arc welding?
A)
Electrode
B)
Gas
C)
AC or DC machine
D)
Cable lug
In electric arc welding, the essential equipment includes an electrode, an AC or DC welding machine (power source), and cables/cable lugs for current flow. Gas is not a common part of basic electric arc welding equipment; it is associated with gas welding or some gas-shielded welding processes, not ordinary arc welding.
A machine tool that removes metal as the work is fed against a rotating multipoint cutter is
A)
Grinding machine
B)
Boring machine
C)
Gear hobbing machine
D)
Milling machine
In a milling machine, the workpiece is fed against a rotating multipoint cutter, and metal is removed in the form of chips.
Why others are incorrect:
- Grinding machine: uses an abrasive wheel, not a multipoint cutter.
- Boring machine: used to enlarge existing holes with a single-point tool.
- Gear hobbing machine: specifically used for cutting gears with a hob, though it also uses a rotating cutter, the general machine tool described here is the milling machine.
What type of annealing consists of - heating the steel slightly above the critical point, holding it at that temperature for a considerable period & slowly cooling?
A)
Spheroidise annealing
B)
Process annealing
C)
Full annealing
D)
None of these
Full annealing involves heating steel slightly above its critical point, holding it there for some time, and then cooling it slowly, usually in the furnace. This produces a soft, ductile structure. Spheroidise annealing is used mainly for high-carbon steel to form spheroidized cementite, while process annealing is done below the critical point to relieve stresses in low-carbon steel.
Which of the following is not part of major factors of production?
A)
Land
B)
Labour & Capital
C)
Machinery
D)
None of these
The major factors of production are traditionally land, labour, capital, and enterprise/organization. 'Machinery' is not a separate major factor; it is a part of capital. Therefore, among the given options, Machinery is not part of the major factors of production. Land is a factor, Labour & Capital are factors, so 'None of these' is incorrect.
Flat belts and V-belts may be employed
A)
to transmit mechanical power from one shaft to electrical power
B)
to transmit power from one shaft to another where it is not necessary to maintain an exact speed ratio between the two shafts
C)
to stop the engine
D)
None of these
Flat belts and V-belts are used for power transmission between shafts. They are suitable where a small amount of slip and creep is acceptable, so an exact speed ratio is not essential. Option (a) is incorrect because belts do not transmit mechanical power directly into electrical power. Option (c) is incorrect because stopping an engine is not the function of belts. Therefore, the correct choice is (b).
The method of measuring and/or checking the quality of a product in terms of specified standard
A)
Manufacturing
B)
Material handling
C)
Inspection
D)
None of these
Inspection means measuring, examining, and/or checking a product’s quality against specified standards. It is used to see whether the product meets the required specifications. Manufacturing is the production process, and material handling is concerned with movement/storage of materials, so neither matches the definition.
The ratio between lateral strain to longitudinal strain produced by a single stress is called
A)
Principal ratio
B)
Poisson’s ratio
C)
Bending ratio
D)
None of these
When a material is subjected to a single axial stress, it undergoes a longitudinal strain in the direction of load and a lateral strain perpendicular to it. The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain is called Poisson’s ratio. The other options are not standard terms for this definition.
Power may be transmitted between parallel shafts by means of
A)
Worm gears
B)
Clutches
C)
Roller chains
D)
None of these
Power transmission between parallel shafts is commonly done by belts, chains, or gears arranged for parallel shafts. Among the given options, roller chains are used to transmit power between parallel shafts. Worm gears are used for non-parallel, non-intersecting shafts, and clutches are for engaging/disengaging power transmission, not for shaft-to-shaft transmission between parallel shafts.
Which of the following statement is true?
A)
Worm gearing is widely used to transmit power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are usually, but not necessarily, at right angles
B)
Spur gearing is widely used to transmit power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are usually, but not necessarily, at right angles
C)
Vee belt is widely used to transmit electrical power
D)
None of these
Worm gears are used for transmitting power between non-intersecting shafts, generally at right angles, and they can provide very high velocity ratios. Spur gears, on the other hand, are used between parallel shafts, not non-intersecting shafts, so option (b) is false. A Vee belt is used for power transmission in machines, not specifically for transmitting electrical power, so option (c) is false. Therefore, the correct statement is option (a).