← Junior Engineer
Past Questions
Steel tanks commonly used for storage of petroleum products are :-
A)
Rectangular tanks
B)
Square tanks
C)
Cylindrical tanks
D)
Pressed steel tanks
Cylindrical steel tanks are commonly used for storing petroleum products because they are structurally efficient for containing liquids, resist internal pressure well, and minimize stress concentrations at corners. They are also economical to fabricate and maintain for large-volume fuel storage. Square and rectangular tanks are generally not preferred for petroleum storage because flat walls and corners create higher stress and are less efficient for liquid containment. Pressed steel tanks are used in some water-storage applications, but they are not the standard form for petroleum product storage.
Choose the item from the followings whose unit of measurement is in ‘Meter’ :-
A)
Thin partition wall
B)
DPC
C)
Half Brick work
D)
Coping (projection specified)
Coping with a specified projection is measured in running metres because it is a linear item along the top of a wall/parapet. Hence option (d) is correct. The other items are not measured in metres: Half brick work and thin partition wall are generally measured in square metres (area), while DPC (damp proof course) is also measured in square metres or sometimes by area/volume depending on specification, not in linear metres.
Which of the following is not covered under the contract of indemnity?
A)
Loss occasioned by the conduct of the promisor
B)
Loss occasioned by the conduct of the promisee
C)
Loss occasioned by the conduct of other person
D)
None of these
A contract of indemnity covers loss caused by the conduct of the promisor or by the conduct of any other person. It does not cover loss caused by the conduct of the promisee, because indemnity is meant to protect the promisee against losses suffered from external causes, not from the promisee’s own conduct. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Option (a) is covered under indemnity, option (c) is also covered, and option (d) is incorrect because one option is clearly not covered.
‘Crenothrix’ are a group of Bacteria found commonly in :-
A)
Rivers
B)
Lakes
C)
Ponds
D)
Ground Water
Crenothrix are iron bacteria commonly found in groundwater, especially in wells and aquifers where dissolved iron is present. They oxidize iron and can form rusty deposits and clog water supplies. The other options are less appropriate because lakes, rivers, and ponds are not the typical habitat associated with Crenothrix in water-supply and sanitary engineering contexts; the organism is classically noted in groundwater.
Devices or treatments to outline the roadway or a portion there-of to provide visual assistance to drivers about the alignment of a road ahead, especially at night are :-
A)
Islands
B)
Kerb markings
C)
Reflector unit markings
D)
Delineators
Delineators are devices or treatments placed along the roadway to outline its alignment and guide drivers, especially at night or in poor visibility. They provide visual assistance by indicating the road edge, curves, and changes in alignment ahead.
Why the others are incorrect:
- a) Islands: These are traffic separation or channelization features, not primarily visual guidance devices for roadway alignment.
- b) Kerb markings: These mark the curb/edge for visibility, but they are not the general term for devices used to outline the roadway alignment.
- c) Reflector unit markings: This is not the standard term for roadway alignment guidance devices; reflectors may be part of delineation, but the correct category is delineators.
From the options given below, select the alternative which is the best substitute for the phrase, “Courteousness and refinement of manner”
A)
Plaudit
B)
Profanity
C)
Gentility
D)
Adulation
"Gentility" means courteousness, politeness, and refinement of manner, so it is the best substitute for the given phrase. The other options are incorrect: "Adulation" means excessive praise or flattery, "Plaudit" means applause or praise, and "Profanity" means vulgar or irreverent language.
1 ppm (parts per million) is considered to be equal to :-
A)
1 mg/L
B)
100 mg/L
C)
103 mg/L
D)
106 mg/L
1 ppm means 1 part of solute in 10^6 parts of solution. For dilute aqueous solutions, 1 ppm is approximately equal to 1 mg/L because 1 L of water has a mass of about 1 kg, so 1 mg per liter corresponds to 1 part per million. Hence option (a) 1 mg/L is correct. Option (b) 100 mg/L equals 100 ppm, option (c) 10^3 mg/L equals 1000 ppm, and option (d) 10^6 mg/L is far too large and does not represent 1 ppm.
The most suitable type of weld joint for two elements meeting at 90 degree would be :-
A)
Butt
B)
plug or Slot
C)
Bead or Edge
D)
Fillet
For two members meeting at 90° (a T-joint or corner-type arrangement), the most suitable weld is a fillet weld. Fillet welds are specifically used for joints where the parts are at right angles or nearly so, because they can efficiently transfer load between the connected plates without requiring edge preparation.
Why the others are incorrect:
- Butt weld: used when two members are in the same plane or aligned end-to-end, not at 90°.
- Plug or slot weld: used mainly to join overlapping plates through holes/slots, not for a simple 90° meeting.
- Bead or edge weld: edge welds are used for parallel or adjacent edges, not the standard choice for a right-angle joint.
Hence, the correct answer is fillet weld.
Substitution of a new contract for the original one either between the same parties or between different parties is:-
A)
Remission
B)
Novation
C)
Alteration
D)
Rescission
The correct answer is **Novation**. Novation means the substitution of a new contract for an existing one, either by changing the terms or by replacing one or more parties with new parties, thereby extinguishing the original contract and creating a new one.
Why the others are incorrect:
- **Remission**: This means acceptance of a lesser performance or lesser sum than originally due; it does not replace the contract.
- **Alteration**: This refers to a change in the terms of the same contract, but the original contract continues; it is not a substitution of a new contract.
- **Rescission**: This means cancellation or termination of the contract, not replacement by a new one.
An atmospheric inversion occurs over metropolitan arreas under cloudless skies, a haze called ‘Smog’ can cause :-
A)
a heavy noise pollution
B)
high irritation to the eyes
C)
severe disruption in satellite communication
D)
None of the above
Smog is a mixture of smoke and fog, often formed under atmospheric inversion in urban areas. It contains fine particulate matter and irritating pollutants such as sulfur compounds and nitrogen oxides, which commonly cause eye irritation, watering, and respiratory discomfort. Hence, the correct answer is **(b) high irritation to the eyes**.
Why the others are incorrect: **(a) heavy noise pollution** is unrelated to smog, which is an air pollution phenomenon, not a sound-related one. **(c) severe disruption in satellite communication** is not a typical direct effect of smog; while dense atmospheric conditions may slightly affect visibility, satellite communication is not primarily disrupted by smog. **(d) None of the above** is incorrect because eye irritation is a well-known effect of smog.
The crushing (Yielding) modes of failure may occur in the case of :-
A)
Long columns
B)
Very short columns
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Crushing (yielding) failure occurs in very short columns because their failure is governed by direct compressive stress reaching the material’s crushing/yield strength before any buckling can develop. Long columns, on the other hand, fail mainly by buckling due to instability, not by crushing. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because long columns are slender and buckle first. Option (c) is incorrect because crushing does not occur in long columns. Option (d) is incorrect because very short columns do exhibit crushing failure.
A high concentration of chloride in water can cause :-
A)
Alkalinity
B)
Acidity
C)
Salinity
D)
Hardness
A high concentration of chloride in water indicates increased dissolved salts, which directly raises the water’s salinity. Chlorides are a major contributor to salinity in natural and drinking water.
Why the others are incorrect:
- Hardness (d) is mainly caused by calcium and magnesium salts, not chloride specifically.
- Acidity (b) refers to excess hydrogen ions/low pH; chloride does not by itself make water acidic.
- Alkalinity (a) is due to bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides; chloride does not cause alkalinity.
The nominal lift considered in measurement of earthwork is :-
A)
1.5m
B)
1.8m
C)
25m
D)
30m
The nominal lift considered in earthwork measurement is 1.5 m. In standard civil engineering measurement practice, earthwork is measured in lifts of 1.5 m because this is the conventional unit used for estimating excavation and filling operations. Option (a) is therefore correct.
Why the others are incorrect:
- (b) 1.8 m: This is not the standard nominal lift used in earthwork measurement.
- (c) 25 m: This is far too large and is not used as a lift in earthwork measurement.
- (d) 30 m: This is also not a lift value; it is unrelated to standard earthwork measurement practice.
The most reliable method of water distribution system provided the conduit is adequate in size and well safeguarded against accidental breaks, with an exception of fire-fighting would be :-
A)
Distribution by means of pumps with more or less storage
B)
Use of pump without storage
C)
Gravity distribution
D)
None of these
Gravity distribution is the most reliable water distribution method when the conduit is adequately sized and protected against accidental breaks. Since water flows by gravity from an elevated source, it does not depend on pumps or continuous power supply, making it dependable for normal supply; the only major limitation is that it is not inherently suitable for fire-fighting unless special provisions are made.
Why the others are incorrect:
- a) Distribution by means of pumps with more or less storage: more reliable than pumping alone, but still depends on pumps and power, so it is less reliable than gravity.
- b) Use of pump without storage: least reliable, because any pump failure or power interruption stops supply immediately.
- d) None of these: incorrect because gravity distribution is the recognized most reliable system under the stated condition.
In Free & Loose needle method of Traversing, bearing of each line is taken with reference to :-
A)
The adjacent line
B)
Geographical north
C)
Magnetic meridian
D)
None of the above
In the Free & Loose needle method of traversing, the bearing of each line is measured with respect to the magnetic meridian, i.e., using a compass needle. Hence the correct option is (c) Magnetic meridian.
Why others are incorrect: (a) Geographical north is used for true bearings, not for the free & loose needle method. (b) The adjacent line is not the reference meridian for bearing measurement. (d) None of the above is incorrect because magnetic meridian is the correct reference.
Slip factor in the bolted joint is defined as :-
A)
(Shear force to cause slip) / (Clamping force)
B)
(Load at slip of joint) / (Allowable load)
C)
(Shear force to cause slip) / (load at slip of joint)
D)
(Clamping force) / (Allowable load)
The slip factor of a bolted joint is defined as the ratio of the shear force required to cause slip to the load at slip of the joint. Hence, option (c) is correct: (Shear force to cause slip) / (load at slip of joint). The other options are incorrect because (a) compares shear force with clamping force, which is not the definition of slip factor; (b) uses load at slip divided by allowable load, which is unrelated to slip factor; and (d) uses clamping force divided by allowable load, which also does not represent slip factor.
In levelling activity, the line of sight would be the :-
A)
Height of Instrument
B)
Plane of collimation
C)
Line of collimation
D)
Axis of the telescope
In levelling, the line of sight is the straight line passing through the intersection of the crosshairs and the optical center of the objective lens, extended to the staff. This is called the line of collimation. Hence option (c) is correct.
Why the others are incorrect:
- (b) Plane of collimation: this is the vertical plane containing the line of collimation, not the line itself.
- (d) Axis of the telescope: this is a general term and not the standard definition used for the line of sight in levelling.
- (a) Height of Instrument: this is the elevation of the line of sight above the datum, not the line of sight itself.
All measurements of works or supply should be directly entered in the Measurement Book :-
A)
in pencil
B)
in ink
C)
in pencil first and inked over after finalisation
D)
none of these
All measurements of works or supplies should be entered directly in the Measurement Book in ink, not in pencil. This is the standard record for official measurements, so entries must be permanent, clear, and tamper-resistant. Option (a) is incorrect because pencil entries are temporary and can be altered easily. Option (c) is incorrect because measurements are not to be first written in pencil and later inked over; they should be recorded directly in ink. Option (d) is incorrect because a definite prescribed method exists: direct entry in ink.
Fill in the blank: 34 × 14 – 234 – 86 = 126 + ________
A)
20
B)
60
C)
30
D)
40
Compute the left-hand side: 34 × 14 = 476, and 234 + 86 = 320. So 476 − 320 = 156. Therefore 126 + ___ = 156, which means the blank is 30. Hence option c is correct. The other options are incorrect because 126 + 20 = 146, 126 + 40 = 166, and 126 + 60 = 186, none of which equals 156.
Which of the following structural steel section has the highest radius of gyration?
A)
Single angle section
B)
Circular section
C)
I – Section
D)
Channel section
The radius of gyration is given by r = \u221a(I/A). For a given area, a circular section has the maximum radius of gyration because its material is distributed most uniformly about the centroid, giving the largest least moment of inertia relative to area. Hence, among the given sections, the circular section has the highest radius of gyration.
Why the others are incorrect:
- I-section: Although efficient in bending, much of its area is concentrated in the flanges and web, so its radius of gyration is less than that of a circle for comparable area.
- Channel section: It is open and unsymmetrical, with less favorable distribution of area than a circle, so its radius of gyration is lower.
- Single angle section: This is also an open, unsymmetrical section with area concentrated near one corner, giving the smallest radius of gyration among these options.
Correct answer: b) Circular section.
Roadway width pertaining to geometry of highway is :-
A)
Carriageway
B)
Carriageway plus shoulders & side drains
C)
The whole right of way
D)
None of these
Roadway width in highway geometry means the width available for traffic movement and the adjoining roadside elements that form the usable road section. It is generally taken as the carriageway plus shoulders and side drains, so option (b) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Carriageway: this is only the portion used by moving vehicles, not the full roadway width.
- (c) The whole right of way: right of way is the total land acquired for the highway, which is wider than the roadway.
- (d) None of these: incorrect because option (b) correctly defines roadway width.
Which of the following compression members is subjected to insignificant bending :-
A)
Struts
B)
Columns
C)
Rafters
D)
None of these
Struts are compression members that are generally assumed to carry axial compressive load with negligible or insignificant bending, especially in ideal truss-type action. They are designed primarily for direct compression. By contrast, columns commonly experience bending due to eccentric loading, imperfections, and slenderness effects, so bending is not insignificant. Rafters are primarily beam members in roof structures and are subjected mainly to bending, not compression-only action. Hence, the correct answer is struts.
Which one of the followings would be a source reduction process in an integrated solid waste management :-
A)
Composting
B)
Landfill
C)
combustion with energy recovery
D)
Less packaging
Source reduction means preventing waste from being generated in the first place by reducing material use at the source. 'Less packaging' directly reduces the amount of waste produced, so it is a source reduction process. 'Composting' is a treatment/processing method for organic waste after it has been generated, 'combustion with energy recovery' is a waste-to-energy disposal/recovery method, and 'landfill' is a final disposal method. Therefore, the correct answer is d.
If ‘P’ means ‘Multiply’, ‘Q’ means ‘Divide’, ‘R’ means ‘Add’ and ‘S’ means ‘Subtract’ then what is the value of 544Q32R13P7S18?
A)
108
B)
90
C)
118
D)
192
Replace the symbols with the given operations: 544Q32R13P7S18 = 544 ÷ 32 + 13 × 7 − 18. Apply BODMAS/PEMDAS: 544 ÷ 32 = 17 and 13 × 7 = 91. Then 17 + 91 − 18 = 90. So the correct value is 90, which corresponds to option b. The other options (a = 108, c = 118, d = 192) do not match the evaluated result.
In the process of welding steel which has the ductile character, can partly retain its ductility at the joints provided :-
A)
The cooling is rapid
B)
The heating is rapid
C)
The cooling is slow
D)
The heating is slow
Correct option: c) The cooling is slow. In welding ductile steel, slow cooling after heating allows the metal at the joint to relieve thermal stresses and avoid forming a hard, brittle structure. This helps the welded joint retain some of the parent metal’s ductility. Rapid cooling would tend to make the weld zone harder and more brittle, reducing ductility. Rapid heating is not the controlling factor for retaining ductility; the cooling rate after welding is what mainly determines the final joint properties. Slow heating alone does not ensure ductility at the joint if the cooling is not controlled.