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Past Questions
As long as the rate at which rainfall reaches the soil surface is ________ than the infiltration capacity, all the water is absorbed in to the ________.
A)
More, soil
B)
Less, atmosphere
C)
Less, soil
D)
More, atmosphere
Infiltration capacity is the maximum rate at which soil can absorb water. If the rainfall rate is less than or equal to this capacity, all the rainfall infiltrates into the soil and no runoff occurs. Hence, when rainfall reaches the soil surface at a rate less than the infiltration capacity, the water is absorbed into the soil. Therefore, the correct option is (a) More, soil.
The length of a line was found to be 150 m when measured with a 20 metre chain. If the 20 m chain was 70 mm longer, the correct length of the line will be
A)
150.70 m
B)
150.525 m
C)
675.000 m
D)
675.550 m
If the chain is longer than its nominal length, the measured distance is less than the true distance. Here, the 20 m chain is 70 mm = 0.07 m longer, so its actual length is 20.07 m.
True length = Measured length × (Actual chain length / Nominal chain length)
= 150 × (20.07 / 20)
= 150 × 1.0035
= 150.525 m
So the correct answer is 150.525 m. The other options do not match this chain correction calculation.
Horse Power of the motor for irrigation pumps is given by –
A)
HP = wH / (75ηQ)
B)
HP = wHη / (75Q)
C)
HP = wQH / (75η)
D)
HP = QH / (75ηw)
The horsepower required for an irrigation pump motor is based on the water power needed to lift water against a head H at discharge Q, divided by the pump efficiency η. In metric units, water horsepower is given by wH/75, and after accounting for discharge and efficiency, the standard form becomes HP = wH / (75ηQ). The other options place the terms incorrectly: (b) multiplies by efficiency instead of dividing, (c) omits efficiency in the denominator, and (d) has an incorrect arrangement of Q, H, and w.
________ is an impermeable formation which neither contains water nor transmits any water.
A)
Aquifuge
B)
Aquiclude
C)
Aquifer
D)
Mota layer
An aquifuge is an impermeable formation that neither stores water nor transmits any water. An aquiclude may contain water but does not transmit it appreciably. An aquifer both stores and transmits groundwater. "Mota layer" is not the standard hydrogeology term for this definition.
A cavity type tube wells draws water from the –
A)
Side of well
B)
Surface of well
C)
Bottom of well
D)
None of these
A cavity type tube well obtains water from a cavity formed below the well screen, so the water enters mainly from the bottom. In contrast, side-drawal tube wells take water from the sides through the screened section. Therefore, the correct answer is bottom of well.
The basic difference between m.k.s units and S.I units is in the unit of
A)
Mass
B)
Length
C)
Time
D)
Force
M.K.S. system uses metre, kilogram, and second as base units, while the S.I. system is a modernized, internationally standardized system. In practice, the key difference asked in such questions is the unit of force: in M.K.S. it is the newton only when derived in SI, but in traditional engineering context M.K.S. uses the absolute unit of force derived from the base units, whereas S.I. standardizes force as the newton. Therefore, the basic difference is in the unit of force. Mass, length, and time are the same base dimensions in both systems.
When a well is penetrated into an extensive homogeneous aquifer, the water table initially (before pumping) remains horizontal in the well which is called
A)
Static water level
B)
Drawdown curve
C)
Surface water level
D)
Pumping water level
Before pumping starts, the water level in a well that penetrates an extensive homogeneous aquifer is the natural groundwater level. This is called the static water level. Drawdown curve refers to the lowered water surface due to pumping, and pumping water level is the water level during pumping. Surface water level is unrelated to groundwater in a well.
Design procedure of a permanent soil conservation structure should include-
A)
Hydraulic design
B)
Hydrologic design
C)
Structural design
D)
All of these
A permanent soil conservation structure must be designed from three angles: hydrologic design to estimate runoff and water flow, hydraulic design to safely convey/dispose the water, and structural design to ensure strength and stability of the structure. Since all three are necessary parts of the design procedure, the correct answer is 'All of these'.
If Load of force acting on the body is denoted by (P), cross sectional area of the body by (A), l=Original length of the body & dl = change of length of the body, then Mathematically stress (p) and Strain (e) may be define as
A)
p = P/A, e = dl/l
B)
p = P/dl, e = dl/A
C)
p = P/l, e = dl/dl
D)
p = P/A, e = P/l
Stress is defined as force per unit cross-sectional area, so p = P/A. Strain is defined as change in length divided by original length, so e = dl/l. Therefore option (a) is correct. The other options mix up force, area, and length incorrectly.
If T is time of concentration (in m), L is the maximum length of the flow (in m) & S is the average slope of the area (in m/m) then, Empirical formula for estimating the time of concentration is
A)
T = 0.0195 L^0.77 S^-0.385
B)
T = 0.0190 L^0.77 S^-0.385
C)
T = 0.0195 L^0.77 S^-0.380
D)
T = 0.0195 L^0.70 S^-0.385
The standard empirical formula for time of concentration used in hydrology is the Kirpich-type relation: T = 0.0195 L^0.77 S^-0.385, where L is the maximum flow length and S is the average slope. Among the given choices, option (a) matches this formula exactly. The other options have an incorrect coefficient or incorrect exponent values.
Bored tube wells in rocky consolidated formations are usually drilled by –
A)
Cable method of drilling
B)
Rotary drilling rigs
C)
Percussion drilling rigs
D)
Down the hole hammer (DTH) rigs
In rocky consolidated formations, bored tube wells are commonly drilled using DTH rigs because they are effective in hard rock and can penetrate fractured, consolidated strata efficiently. Cable tool and percussion methods are older and slower, while rotary drilling is more suitable for softer or unconsolidated formations. Hence, the correct answer is DTH rigs.
________ is also called ________.
A)
Isohyetal method, arithmetic average method
B)
Isohyetal method, weighted average method
C)
Thiessen polygon method, Arithmetic average method
D)
Thiessen polygon method, Weighted mean method
The Thiessen polygon method estimates areal rainfall by assigning weights to rain gauges based on the area of influence of each gauge. Because the final rainfall is computed as a weighted average, it is also called the weighted mean method. The isohyetal method, on the other hand, is a separate area-weighted technique based on contours of equal rainfall, not the arithmetic average method.
According to ________ percolation of water through soil for laminar flow conditions in a saturated soil, the rate of flow, or the discharge per unit time is proportional to the hydraulic gradient.
A)
Kenedy’s theory
B)
Darcy’s law
C)
Dupuit’s theory
D)
None of these
Darcy’s law states that for laminar flow through saturated soil, the discharge is proportional to the hydraulic gradient. This exactly matches the statement about percolation of water through soil under laminar flow conditions. Kenedy’s theory and Dupuit’s theory are related to other hydraulic/groundwater concepts, not this basic flow law.
Central Board of Irrigation & Power has suggested that Pack Aquifer ratio (PA ratio) should be between ________ for uniform aquifers having Cu 2.0.
A)
9 and 12.5
B)
12 and 15.5
C)
14 and 16.5
D)
15 and 18.5
For uniform aquifers with coefficient of uniformity Cu ≤ 2.0, the Central Board of Irrigation & Power recommends the Pack Aquifer ratio (PA ratio) to be in the range of 9 to 12.5. This is the standard design guideline used for selecting suitable pack material around well screens. The other ranges are not the recommended CBIP range for this aquifer condition.
A Parshall flume has three principal section-
A)
Converging section; throat section; expanding section
B)
Converging section; parallel section; diverging section
C)
Converging section; throat section; lowering section
D)
Divergence section; throat section; expanding section
A Parshall flume is a flow-measuring device with three main parts: a converging section where the channel narrows, a throat section at the minimum width, and an expanding section where the channel widens again. Hence option (a) is correct. The other options use incorrect section names: a Parshall flume does not have a parallel section as one of its principal sections, and 'lowering section' or 'divergence section' are not standard terms for its main parts.
According to the ________ law given by Abrahm as a result of many experiments, the strength of well compacted concrete with good workability is dependent only on the water cement ratio.
A)
Water – cement ratio
B)
Water – sand ratio
C)
Water content
D)
Cement content
The statement refers to Abram’s law, which says that for well-compacted concrete made with good materials and adequate curing, the strength depends mainly on the water-cement ratio. As the water-cement ratio decreases, concrete strength generally increases. The other options are incorrect because concrete strength is not primarily governed by water-sand ratio, water content alone, or cement content alone in this law.
Basic permanent soil conservation structures are-
A)
Drop spillways
B)
Chute spillways
C)
Drop inlet spillways
D)
All of these
Basic permanent soil conservation structures include different types of spillways used to safely dispose excess runoff and prevent erosion. Drop spillways, chute spillways, and drop inlet spillways are all permanent engineering structures commonly used in soil and water conservation works. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of these'.
In the Rational method, the runoff coefficient is-
A)
More than one
B)
One
C)
Less than one
D)
None of these
In the Rational method, runoff is estimated as Q = C I A, where C is the runoff coefficient. Since not all rainfall becomes runoff due to infiltration, evaporation, depression storage, and other losses, the coefficient C is generally less than 1. It may approach 1 only for nearly impervious surfaces, but in standard hydrology it is taken as less than one. Hence, option (c) is correct.
IS 456 : 2000 recommends that exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept wet for at least ________ from the date of placing concrete in case of OPC.
A)
5 days
B)
6 days
C)
7 days
D)
14 days
IS 456:2000 recommends curing of concrete by keeping exposed surfaces wet for at least 7 days in the case of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). For other types of cement, the curing period is generally longer. Hence, the correct option is (c) 7 days.
A good brick should not absorb more than ________ of water when soaked.
A)
10%
B)
15%
C)
25%
D)
30%
A good quality first-class brick should absorb not more than 20% of its dry weight of water after 24 hours immersion, but in many civil engineering MCQs the standard criterion for a good brick is taken as not more than 15% for better quality selection. Among the given options, 15% is the correct answer. 10% is too strict, while 25% and 30% are too high and indicate poor quality bricks.
The outlets of soil conservation structures are designed so that a ________ forms within the downstream portion of the structure and the flow velocity downstream of the structure is reduced to a ________ in the sub-critical range.
A)
Hydraulic jump, erosive level
B)
Hydraulic jump, non-erosive level
C)
Eddy current, less than critical depth
D)
Kinetic engergy, potential energy
In soil conservation structures, the outlet is designed to dissipate excess energy safely. This is achieved by allowing a hydraulic jump to form in the downstream portion of the structure. The hydraulic jump converts supercritical flow to sub-critical flow and greatly reduces the flow velocity to a non-erosive level. Option (a) is incorrect because the goal is not to maintain erosive velocity. Option (c) is not the standard term used here, and option (d) is unrelated to outlet energy dissipation.
Strength acquired by concrete during the first 7 days is mostly due to hydration of
A)
C3A
B)
C3AF
C)
C3S
D)
C2S
The early strength of concrete, especially in the first 7 days, is mainly due to hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S). C3S hydrates rapidly and contributes significantly to early strength development. C2S hydrates more slowly and is responsible for later strength. C3A mainly causes very early reactions and affects setting, while C3AF contributes relatively little to strength.
To accelerate the process of hydration of cement, Calcium chloride upto ________ by weight of cement is generally used as an accelerator.
A)
1.00 %
B)
1.50 %
C)
2.00 %
D)
2.50 %
Calcium chloride is a common accelerator used to speed up the hydration of cement. In standard civil engineering practice, it is generally added in a quantity up to 2% by weight of cement. Beyond this limit, it may cause undesirable effects such as corrosion of reinforcement and may not be recommended. Hence, the correct answer is 2.00%.
The straight drop spillway is an efficient structure for controlling relatively low heads, normally up to
A)
3 - 4 m
B)
4 - 6 m
C)
6 - 8 m
D)
8 - 10 m
A straight drop spillway is generally used for small to moderate heads and is considered efficient only for relatively low heads, typically up to about 3 to 4 metres. Beyond this range, other spillway types are preferred for better safety and energy dissipation. Hence, option (a) is correct.
Chains used in chain surveying are
A)
Metric chain
B)
Gunter’s chain
C)
Engineer’s chain
D)
All of these
In chain surveying, different types of chains are used for measuring linear distances. Metric chains, Gunter’s chains, and Engineer’s chains are all standard chains used in surveying. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of these'. Options (a), (b), and (c) are each individually correct, so (d) is the best choice.