← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Statement and branch coverage metrics are part of
A)
Analysis Model
B)
Testing
C)
Design Model
D)
Source code
Statement coverage and branch coverage are code coverage metrics used during software testing to measure how much of the program has been executed by test cases. They are not part of the analysis model or design model. While they are applied to source code, they specifically belong to the testing phase as testing metrics.
Which of the following is a procedural language?
A)
Domain relational calculus
B)
Tuple relational calculus
C)
Relational algebra
D)
Query language
Relational algebra is a procedural query language because it specifies a sequence of operations to obtain the result. In contrast, domain relational calculus and tuple relational calculus are non-procedural (declarative) languages—they describe what data is needed, not how to get it. 'Query language' is a broad term and not a specific procedural language here.
DML is provided for
A)
Description of logical structure of database
B)
Addition of new structures in the database system
C)
Manipulation & processing of database
D)
Definition of physical structure of database system
DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It is used to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data in a database, i.e., for manipulation and processing of database records. Option (a) refers to DDL/DB schema description, option (b) is about adding structures, and option (d) refers to physical database definition, not DML.
The model in which the requirements are implemented by category is
A)
Evolutionary Development Model
B)
Waterfall Model
C)
Prototyping
D)
Iterative Enhancement Model
In the Iterative Enhancement Model, the system is developed in small increments, and requirements are implemented category-wise or feature-wise in successive versions. This allows partial implementation and gradual refinement. The Waterfall Model follows a linear sequence of phases, the Prototyping Model focuses on building a prototype for requirement clarification, and the Evolutionary Development Model is broader but not specifically described as implementing requirements by category.
Which of the following is a project scheduling method that can be applied to software development?
A)
PERT
B)
CMM
C)
CPM
D)
Both (a) and (c)
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) are both project scheduling techniques used to plan, sequence, and monitor project activities, including software development projects. CMM (Capability Maturity Model) is not a scheduling method; it is a process maturity framework for assessing and improving software process capability. Therefore, the correct answer is Both (a) and (c).
The total participation by entities is represented in E-R diagram as
A)
Dashed line
B)
Double line
C)
Double rectangle
D)
Circle
In an E-R diagram, total participation means every entity instance must participate in the relationship. It is represented by a double line connecting the entity set to the relationship set. A dashed line is not used for total participation, a double rectangle represents a weak entity, and a circle is used for attributes.
Which of the following is the process of increasing redundancy in the database either for convenience or to improve performance?
A)
Normalisation
B)
Optimisation
C)
Dependency
D)
Denormalisation
Denormalisation is the process of intentionally adding redundancy to a database to improve read performance or simplify queries. Normalisation does the opposite: it reduces redundancy and avoids update anomalies. Optimisation is a general performance-improvement term, not specifically about increasing redundancy. Dependency refers to a relationship between attributes, not the process described here.
The phenomenon of having a continuous glow of beam on the screen even after it is removed is known as
A)
Fluorescence
B)
Persistence
C)
Phosphorescence
D)
Incandescence
In computer graphics, the continuous glow of a beam on the screen even after the beam is removed is called persistence. It refers to the time for which the screen continues to emit light after excitation. Fluorescence and phosphorescence are related light-emission phenomena in materials, but the standard term used in display technology is persistence. Incandescence means emission of light due to high temperature.
Assume that we have constructor functions for both base class and derived class. Now consider the declaration in main( ). Base * P = New Derived; in what sequence will the constructor be called?
A)
Derived class constructor followed by Base class constructor.
B)
Base class constructor followed by derived class constructor.
C)
Base class constructor will not be called.
D)
Derived class constructor will not be called.
When an object of a derived class is created, the base class part must be constructed first. So in `Base *P = new Derived;`, the actual object is of type `Derived`, and construction happens in this order: first the Base class constructor, then the Derived class constructor. Option (a) is incorrect because derived construction cannot happen before base construction. Options (c) and (d) are incorrect because both constructors are called for a derived object.
A system program that combines the separately compiled modules of a program into a form suitable for execution
A)
Assembler
B)
Linking loader
C)
Cross compiler
D)
None of these
A linking loader takes separately compiled object modules, links them together, resolves external references, and loads the combined program into memory in executable form. An assembler translates assembly language into machine code, and a cross compiler compiles code for a different target machine. Therefore, the correct answer is Linking loader.
Reflection of a point about x-axis, followed by a counter-clockwise rotation of 90º, is equivalent to reflection about the line.
A)
x =−y
B)
x = y
C)
x = 0
D)
y = 0
Let the point be (x, y). Reflection about the x-axis gives (x, -y). A counter-clockwise rotation of 90° maps (u, v) to (-v, u), so (x, -y) becomes (y, x). The transformation (x, y) -> (y, x) is exactly reflection about the line x = y. Hence the correct answer is x = y.
Which of the following operators cannot be overloaded?
A)
>>
B)
? :
C)
.
D)
Both (b) and (c)
In C++, the conditional operator `?:` and the member access operator `.` cannot be overloaded. The right-shift operator `>>` can be overloaded. Therefore, the correct answer is both (b) and (c).
Semaphore are used to solve the problems of
A)
Race condition
B)
Process synchronisation
C)
Mutual exclusion
D)
None of these
Semaphores are synchronization primitives used in operating systems to coordinate the execution of concurrent processes/threads. They help control access to shared resources and can be used for mutual exclusion as well, but their primary purpose is process synchronization. Race conditions are prevented through synchronization mechanisms like semaphores, but the broader and most correct answer here is process synchronisation. Hence, option (b) is correct.
The basic attributes of a straight line segment are
A)
Type
B)
Width
C)
Color
D)
All of these
In computer graphics, a straight line segment is commonly described by basic attributes such as its type, width, and color. Since all three are valid attributes, the correct answer is 'All of these'. Options (a), (b), and (c) are each only partially correct.
The part of machine level instruction, which tells the central processor what to be done is
A)
Operation code
B)
Address
C)
Locator
D)
Flip-flop
In a machine-level instruction, the **operation code (opcode)** specifies the action the CPU must perform, such as add, subtract, load, or store. The **address** part tells where the data is located, not what operation to do. **Locator** is not a standard part of machine instruction, and a **flip-flop** is a storage element in digital circuits, not an instruction field.
The strategy of allowing processes that are logically runnable to be temporarily suspended is called
A)
Preemptive scheduling
B)
Non-preemptive scheduling
C)
Shortest job first
D)
FCFS
In preemptive scheduling, a process that is logically runnable can be temporarily suspended by the operating system so that another process may run. This is exactly the strategy described in the question. Non-preemptive scheduling does not suspend a running process until it finishes or blocks. Shortest job first and FCFS are scheduling algorithms, but they do not specifically define the temporary suspension of runnable processes.
An object is
A)
a variable of class datatype.
B)
same as a class.
C)
just like a global variable.
D)
collection of data-members and member functions.
In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint, and an object is an instance of that class. So an object can be thought of as a variable of class datatype. Option (b) is wrong because a class and an object are not the same. Option (c) is wrong because an object is not a global variable. Option (d) describes a class, not an object.
Round-robin scheduling
A)
allows interactive tasks quicker access to the processor
B)
gives each task the same chance at the processor
C)
is quite complex to implement
D)
allows processor-bound tasks more time in the processor
Round-robin scheduling assigns each process an equal time slice in cyclic order, so every task gets the same chance to use the CPU. It is especially fair for time-sharing systems. Option (a) is more about responsiveness, but the defining feature is equal CPU opportunity. Option (c) is incorrect because round-robin is relatively simple to implement. Option (d) is incorrect because it does not favor processor-bound tasks; all tasks are treated equally.
Runtime polymorphism is achieved by
A)
Friend function
B)
Virtual function
C)
Function overloading
D)
Operator overloading
Runtime polymorphism in C++ is achieved through virtual functions. When a base class function is declared virtual and overridden in a derived class, the function to be called is decided at runtime based on the actual object type. Friend functions do not provide polymorphism, and function overloading and operator overloading are examples of compile-time polymorphism.
When we select a portion of image and making invisible or not showing the rest. What will you call this?
A)
Windowing
B)
Clipping
C)
Viewport
D)
None of these
Clipping is the process of selecting a portion of an image or scene and making the rest invisible. It removes the parts outside the selected region. Windowing refers to defining the area of interest, and viewport is the display area on the output device.
Frame Buffer is also known as
A)
Refresh Buffer
B)
Memory Buffer
C)
Both (a) and (b)
D)
None of these
A frame buffer stores the pixel values for the image currently being displayed on the screen, and it is also called a refresh buffer because the display is continuously refreshed from this memory. Option (b) is not the standard term, so the correct answer is (a).
The address of a page table in memory is pointed by
A)
stack pointer
B)
page table base register
C)
page register
D)
program counter
In paging, the page table is stored in main memory, and its starting address is kept in the Page Table Base Register (PTBR). The CPU uses this register to locate the page table for address translation. The other options are unrelated: the stack pointer points to the top of the stack, the program counter holds the next instruction address, and 'page register' is not the standard register used for page table address.
The amount of light emitted by the phosphor coating depends on the
A)
Number of electrons striking the screen
B)
Speed of electrons striking the screen
C)
Distance from the cathode to the screen
D)
None of these
In a CRT display, the phosphor coating glows when struck by electrons. The brightness of the emitted light depends mainly on how many electrons hit the screen: more electrons produce more light. The speed of electrons affects their energy, but in standard computer graphics MCQs, the expected answer is the number of electrons striking the screen. Distance from the cathode to the screen is not the direct factor.
A minimum of _____ variable(s) is/are required to be shared between processes to solve the critical section problem.
A)
One
B)
Two
C)
Three
D)
Four
To solve the critical section problem, processes need at least one shared variable (such as a lock, turn variable, or flag) to coordinate entry into the critical section. With one properly shared synchronization variable, mutual exclusion can be enforced. Therefore, the minimum required is one variable. The other options are not minimum requirements.
Default constructor has
A)
Single argument
B)
Multiple arguments
C)
No argument
D)
Cannot say
A default constructor is a constructor that can be called without passing any arguments. In object-oriented programming, if no constructor is defined, many languages provide a default no-argument constructor. Therefore, the correct answer is 'No argument'. Options (a) and (b) describe parameterized constructors, and (d) is incorrect because the definition is specific.