← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Frequency of a radiowave is 750 Hz and its wavelength is:
A)
400m
B)
400km
C)
750m
D)
Data is insufficient
For any wave, wavelength is given by \(\lambda = \frac{v}{f}\), where \(v\) is the wave speed and \(f\) is frequency. For a radio wave, the speed is usually the speed of light (about \(3\times10^8\) m/s) only if it is explicitly stated to be traveling in free space. Here, the question only gives frequency = 750 Hz and does not specify the propagation speed or medium, so the wavelength cannot be determined uniquely from the given data. Therefore, the correct option is d (Data is insufficient). Option a (400 m), b (400 km), and c (750 m) are incorrect because none follows from the given information.
Which of the following racial groups is numerically the largest in the world?
A)
Caucasoids
B)
Mongoloids
C)
Negroids
D)
Australoids
Mongoloids are numerically the largest racial group in the world, mainly because the populations of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and North Asia together form the biggest share of the global population. Caucasoids are large in number but are not the largest worldwide. Negroids are fewer in total population than Mongoloids, and Australoids are the smallest among the given groups.
The oldest product of biotechnology known to man is:
A)
Antibiotics
B)
Humulin
C)
Alcoholic drinks
D)
Citric acid
Alcoholic drinks are the oldest known product of biotechnology because fermentation by yeast has been used by humans for thousands of years to produce beer, wine, and other fermented beverages. This is an early example of using microorganisms in a controlled process. Antibiotics are much newer discoveries, Humulin is a modern recombinant human insulin produced by genetic engineering, and citric acid is an industrial fermentation product developed later than alcoholic beverages.
The line dividing North Korea and South Korea is the:
A)
17th parallel
B)
23rd parallel
C)
38th parallel
D)
Order-Neisse Line
The correct answer is **38th parallel** because the Korean Peninsula was divided into North and South Korea along the 38th parallel after World War II, and this line became the basis of the later Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The other options are incorrect: the **Oder-Neisse Line** is the post-World War II border between Germany and Poland, while the **17th parallel** and **23rd parallel** are not the dividing line between North and South Korea.
International Date Line is a/an:
A)
Straight line
B)
Zigzag line
C)
Elliptical line
D)
Curved line
The International Date Line is generally a zigzag line. It roughly follows the 180° meridian but bends around islands and countries to avoid splitting them into different calendar dates. Hence, option b is correct. Option a (straight line) is incorrect because the line is not perfectly straight on maps. Option c (elliptical line) is incorrect because it is not an ellipse. Option d (curved line) is too vague; while the line does bend, the standard description in geography is a zigzag line.
Match List I with List II. List I (Names of presidents of the National Congress): A. William Wedderburn, B. George Yule, C. Badruddin Tyabji, D. Pheroze Shah Mehta List II (Sessions presided by them): 1. Calcutta Session, 2. Bombay Session, 3. Allahabad Session, 4. Madras Session
A)
2 3 4 1
B)
3 2 1 4
C)
1 2 3 4
D)
3 1 4 2
The correct matching is:
- A. William Wedderburn → 3. Allahabad Session
- B. George Yule → 1. Calcutta Session
- C. Badruddin Tyabji → 4. Madras Session
- D. Pheroze Shah Mehta → 2. Bombay Session
So the sequence is A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2, which corresponds to option d.
Why the others are incorrect:
- Option a (2 3 4 1) wrongly assigns Wedderburn to Bombay and Mehta to Calcutta.
- Option b (3 2 1 4) wrongly assigns Yule to Bombay and Tyabji to Calcutta.
- Option c (1 2 3 4) is completely mismatched and does not reflect the known Congress presidencies.
Under which article of the constitution was Hindi declared as the official language of the Union?
A)
Article 143
B)
Article 243
C)
Article 343
D)
Article 443
Article 343 of the Indian Constitution declares Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union. Hence, option (c) is correct. The other options are incorrect because Article 143 deals with the Supreme Court’s advisory jurisdiction, Article 243 relates to Panchayats, and Article 443 does not declare the official language of the Union.
Who among the following is not appointed by the President of India?
A)
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
B)
Speaker of the Lok Sabha
C)
Attorney General of India
D)
Chief Election Commissioner
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is not appointed by the President of India; the Speaker is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from among themselves. In contrast, the Chief Election Commissioner, the Attorney General of India, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India are all appointed by the President under the Constitution. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Which of the following was the newspaper of Annie Besant?
A)
The Hindu
B)
Indian Express
C)
Times of India
D)
New India
Annie Besant founded and edited the newspaper/weekly journal 'New India', which she used to promote nationalist ideas in India. Hence, option d is correct. The other options are incorrect because 'The Hindu' was associated with other editors and owners, while 'Indian Express' and 'Times of India' were not Annie Besant’s publications.
The concept of ‘Sales Tax’ as a source of revenue for states was the innovation of:
A)
K. Kamaraj
B)
C. Rajagopalachari
C)
Morarji Desai
D)
Sir R.K. Shanmukham Chetty
Sir R.K. Shanmukham Chetty is credited with introducing the concept of Sales Tax as a source of revenue for the states. He was an important finance administrator and is associated with early tax reforms in independent India. The other options are incorrect because Morarji Desai, C. Rajagopalachari, and K. Kamaraj are known for their roles in politics and administration, but they are not credited with this specific fiscal innovation.
Lipase converts fats into:
A)
Maltose
B)
Casein
C)
Peptides
D)
Fatty acids and glycerol
Lipase is the digestive enzyme that breaks down fats (lipids) into their simpler components: fatty acids and glycerol. Therefore, option d is correct. Option a is incorrect because maltose is produced from starch by amylase, not lipase. Option b is incorrect because casein is a milk protein, not a product of fat digestion. Option c is incorrect because peptides are formed when proteins are broken down by proteases, not by lipase.
Oxygen transport is a function of:
A)
White blood corpuscles
B)
Red blood corpuscles
C)
Blood platelets
D)
plasma
Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) transport oxygen because they contain hemoglobin, the protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it to body tissues. White blood corpuscles are involved in immunity, blood platelets help in clotting, and plasma mainly transports nutrients, hormones, and wastes; it does not carry oxygen significantly.
The Khilafat Movement was organised to protest against the injustice done to:
A)
Syria
B)
Saudi Arabia
C)
Iran
D)
Turkey
The Khilafat Movement was launched by Indian Muslims after World War I to protest the harsh treatment of the Ottoman Caliphate and the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire by the Allied powers. Since the Caliphate was part of the Ottoman state, the injustice was done to Turkey (the Ottoman Empire), making option d correct. Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Syria were not the primary targets of this movement; the issue specifically concerned the fate of the Ottoman Caliph and Turkey.
Where was Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha Sabha?
A)
Porbandar
B)
Ahmedabad
C)
Bombay
D)
Poona
Mahatma Gandhi started the Satyagraha Sabha in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1919 to organize opposition to the Rowlatt Act and promote non-violent resistance. Hence, option (c) is correct. Porbandar was Gandhi’s birthplace, not the place where the Sabha was started. Ahmedabad was an important center of Gandhi’s later work, but not the founding place of the Satyagraha Sabha. Poona (Pune) is also not associated with its founding.
National Income of a country is also known as:
A)
Gross National Product (GNP)
B)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C)
Net National Product (NNP)
D)
Net Domestic Product (NDP)
National Income is commonly defined as the total income earned by the residents of a country from productive activities in one year, and in standard economics it is measured as Net National Product (NNP) at factor cost. Hence, option (c) is correct. GDP is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders, so it is not the same as national income. GNP measures output by a country’s residents regardless of location, but it is a gross measure and includes depreciation, so it is not the standard equivalent of national income. NDP is GDP minus depreciation, but it is still a domestic concept and not the same as national income.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed:
A)
by the General Assembly
B)
from amongst the officers of the permanent secretariat of the United Nations
C)
by the General Assembly on the recommendations of the Security Council
D)
by the Security Council
The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. This is the correct UN procedure under the UN Charter.
Why the others are incorrect:
- a) By the General Assembly: incomplete, because the General Assembly cannot appoint the Secretary-General on its own; it acts only after a Security Council recommendation.
- b) From amongst the officers of the permanent secretariat of the United Nations: incorrect, because the Secretary-General is not chosen from a fixed internal officer cadre; the appointment is made through the UN’s political process.
- d) By the Security Council: incorrect, because the Security Council recommends the candidate but does not make the final appointment.
The President issues ordinances on the advice of the:
A)
Union Council of Ministers
B)
Union Law Minister
C)
Supreme Court of India
D)
Attorney-General of India
The President issues ordinances on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. Under the Indian Constitution, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, including in the exercise of ordinance-making power under Article 123. The Supreme Court of India does not advise the President on ordinances; it is a judicial body. The Union Law Minister may assist in legal matters, but does not constitutionally advise the President in this capacity. The Attorney-General of India is the chief legal adviser to the Government of India, not the President, and does not provide the formal constitutional advice for issuing ordinances.
Which is the largest gulf in the world?
A)
The Gulf of Cambay
B)
The Gulf of Mexico
C)
The Persian Gulf
D)
The strait of Hormuz
The Gulf of Mexico is the largest gulf in the world by area, so option b is correct. The Persian Gulf is also a major gulf, but it is smaller than the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Cambay (Gulf of Khambhat) is much smaller and is only a regional gulf in India. The Strait of Hormuz is not a gulf at all; it is a narrow strait connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman.
How many Indian states share the coastline?
A)
7 states
B)
8 states
C)
9 states
D)
10 states
India has a coastline shared by 9 states. These are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Hence, the correct answer is 9 states. The other options are incorrect because 7, 8, and 10 do not match the standard count of Indian coastal states.
Who announced the partition of India into two separate states, India and Pakistan in 1947?
A)
Lord Dalhousie
B)
Lord Curzon
C)
Lord Canning
D)
Lord Mountbatten
Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India and announced the partition plan that led to the creation of two separate states, India and Pakistan, in 1947. Lord Dalhousie is known for annexation policies and the Doctrine of Lapse, Lord Curzon is associated with the partition of Bengal in 1905, and Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India after 1857—not the one who announced the 1947 partition.
Which of the following is regarded as the real founder of Portuguese power in India?
A)
Vasco da Gama
B)
Alfonso de Albuquerque
C)
Pedro Cabral
D)
Almeida
Alfonso de Albuquerque is regarded as the real founder of Portuguese power in India because he established and consolidated Portuguese territorial and naval dominance, especially by capturing Goa in 1510 and strengthening key strategic positions along the Indian Ocean trade routes. Vasco da Gama (a) was the first Portuguese to reach India by sea, but he did not build Portuguese power there. Pedro Cabral (c) is known for discovering Brazil and also reaching India, but not for founding Portuguese rule in India. Almeida (d), Francisco de Almeida, was the first Portuguese viceroy in India and strengthened Portuguese naval policy, but Albuquerque is credited with laying the real foundations of Portuguese empire in India.
Among the following leaders, who attended all the three Round Table Conference?
A)
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
B)
M. Malaviya
C)
Sardar Vallabhai Patel
D)
Acharya Vinoba
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar attended all three Round Table Conferences held in London (1930, 1931, and 1932) as a representative of the Depressed Classes, making him the only leader among the options who was present at all three. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel did not attend these conferences; he was in India and later became prominent in the freedom struggle and constitutional negotiations. Acharya Vinoba Bhave also did not attend the Round Table Conferences. M. Malaviya attended the First Round Table Conference, but not all three.
Shamima Begum, who is in news recently is a citizen of which country?
A)
India
B)
Pakistan
C)
U.K
D)
USA
Shamima Begum is a British citizen, so the correct option is c (U.K). She was born in the United Kingdom and became widely known in news reports related to the UK government's decision to revoke her citizenship. The other options are incorrect because she is not a citizen of India, Pakistan, or the USA.
In the parliamentary proceeding, the majority of more than 50% of members of legislature present and voting is known as -
A)
Special Majority
B)
Simple majority
C)
Absolute majority
D)
Effective majority
The majority of more than 50% of the members of the legislature who are present and voting is called a **simple majority**. It means more votes in favor than against among those actually voting.
Why others are incorrect:
- **Absolute majority**: more than 50% of the total membership of the House, not just those present and voting.
- **Special majority**: a higher, constitutionally specified majority such as 2/3rd or 3/4th, depending on the case.
- **Effective majority**: more than 50% of the effective strength of the House (total membership minus vacancies), not merely those present and voting.
Which one of the following ecosystem covers the largest area of the Earth’s surface?
A)
Desert ecosystem
B)
Marine ecosystem
C)
Grasslands ecosystem
D)
Mountain ecosystem
Marine ecosystem is correct because oceans and seas cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface, making it the largest ecosystem by area. Mountain, grassland, and desert ecosystems occupy much smaller portions of the planet’s surface compared with the vast marine environment.