← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
‘Diet’ is the name of the Parliament of which country?
A)
Russia
B)
Argentina
C)
Japan
D)
Turkey
The national parliament of Japan is called the National Diet. Therefore, the correct answer is Japan.
Why others are incorrect:
- Russia: Its parliament is called the Federal Assembly.
- Argentina: Its parliament is called the National Congress.
- Turkey: Its legislature is the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
Which of the following blood group is called Universal Donor?
A)
A+
B)
B+
C)
AB
D)
O
The classification of blood groups is based on the presence or absence of specific antigens (proteins) on the surface of red blood cells.
1. **Blood Group O**: Red blood cells of group O lack both A and B antigens. Because there are no antigens for the recipient's immune system to attack, blood group O (specifically O negative) can be donated to individuals of any other blood group without causing an adverse immune reaction. Therefore, it is called the 'Universal Donor'.
2. **Blood Group AB**: Red blood cells of group AB have both A and B antigens, but the plasma lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies. This allows individuals with group AB to receive blood from any other group, making them the 'Universal Recipient'.
3. **Blood Groups A and B**: These groups have either A antigens or B antigens, meaning they can only donate to those who are compatible with those specific antigens.
In the context of the given options, 'O' is the correct answer.
Dennis Parnell Sullivan has been conferred the :
A)
2022 Governor of the year award
B)
Pritzker Prize 2022
C)
Abel Prize 2022
D)
Templeton Prize 2022
Dennis Parnell Sullivan, an American mathematician, was awarded the Abel Prize 2022 for his groundbreaking contributions to topology, especially in its algebraic, geometric, and dynamical aspects.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- (a) 2022 Governor of the year award: not associated with Dennis Sullivan.
- (b) Pritzker Prize 2022: this is an architecture award.
- (d) Templeton Prize 2022: this is awarded for contributions relating to life’s spiritual dimension, not mathematics.
Therefore, the correct answer is (c) Abel Prize 2022.
Which one of the following is not formed in out body?
A)
Vitamin A
B)
Protein
C)
Enzyme
D)
Hormone
Vitamin A is not normally formed in the human body in sufficient amount; it is mainly obtained from food, though beta-carotene from diet can be converted into vitamin A. In contrast, proteins are synthesized in the body from amino acids, enzymes are produced by cells, and hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. इसलिए the correct answer is Vitamin A.
Which state of India is known as Molasses Basin?
A)
Kerala
B)
Uttar Pradesh
C)
Mizoram
D)
West Bengal
In geological terms, a 'molasse basin' refers to a basin filled with a thick sequence of conglomerates, sandstones, and shales deposited in a foreland basin during the folding of a mountain range. Mizoram is geologically characterized as a Molasse Basin because its terrain consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated sediments (mostly sandstone and shale) that were deposited in the foreland of the Himalayas (specifically the Indo-Burman ranges) during the Tertiary period.
Analysis of other options:
- Kerala: Primarily known for its coastal plains and the Western Ghats, not a molasse basin.
- Uttar Pradesh: While it contains the Indo-Gangetic plain (which is a foreland basin), the specific designation of 'Molasse Basin' as a defining characteristic of the state's geography is most strongly associated with the specific sedimentary structures of Mizoram in regional Indian geography.
- West Bengal: Contains the deltaic plains of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, which are alluvial deposits rather than a classic molasse basin structure.
The word ‘Swift’ which is in news recently in light of Russian invasion of Ukraine is related to :
A)
Scientific transfer of future military technology among nations
B)
Special response force of NATO
C)
Systematic targeting of Russian assets across the world
D)
Global financial platform that facilitates international trade
SWIFT stands for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is a global messaging network used by banks and financial institutions to securely transmit payment instructions for international transactions, which helps facilitate global trade. It was in the news because sanctions on Russia included restricting some Russian banks from SWIFT after the Ukraine invasion.
Why others are incorrect: (a) has nothing to do with military technology, (b) SWIFT is not a NATO force, and (c) it is not a system for targeting assets; it is a banking communication platform.
The first Indian state to implement the National e-Vidhan Application program to become paperless is:
A)
Kerala
B)
Tripura
C)
Meghalaya
D)
Nagaland
Nagaland was the first state in India to successfully implement the National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) and make its Legislative Assembly function paperless. NeVA is a digital initiative under the Digital India programme to modernize and digitize legislative functioning. Therefore, option (d) Nagaland is correct. The other states listed were not the first to implement NeVA.
Victor Orban became the prime minister of which of the following countries for the 4th time in a row?
A)
Belarus
B)
Hungary
C)
Finland
D)
Lithuania
Viktor Orbán became the Prime Minister of Hungary for the fourth consecutive time after his party, Fidesz, won the 2022 parliamentary election. Therefore, option (b) is correct. The other countries listed—Belarus, Finland, and Lithuania—did not have Viktor Orbán as their prime minister.
When did Russia invaded Ukraine?
A)
21st February 2022
B)
22nd February 2022
C)
23rd February 2022
D)
24th February 2022
Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Therefore option (d) is correct. The other dates are incorrect because they were immediately before the invasion; although Russia recognized the separatist regions on 21 February 2022 and tensions escalated afterward, the actual invasion began on 24 February 2022.
Which year is known as the year of great divide in India’s population history?
A)
1911
B)
1921
C)
1951
D)
1971
The year 1921 is called the 'Year of Great Divide' in India’s demographic history because it marks the point after which India’s population began to increase steadily. Before 1921, population growth was irregular due to high birth and death rates, famines, epidemics, and poor health conditions. In 1921, India recorded a negative growth rate for the first and only time in the census history, and from then onward population growth became continuous. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Options (a), (c), and (d) are not associated with this demographic term.
Which company has become the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022?
A)
TATA
B)
Byju’s
C)
Reliance
D)
LIC
Byju’s became the first Indian company to sponsor the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar as an official sponsor. Hence option (b) is correct. The other options—TATA, Reliance, and LIC—were not the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022.
‘Modern Babylon’is a reference often made to represent :
A)
London
B)
Belgrade
C)
Budapest
D)
Venice
The term “Modern Babylon” is often used as a literary/historical reference to London, especially to describe it as a vast, crowded, wealthy, and morally complex metropolis.
Why the others are incorrect:
- Belgrade: not commonly known by this title.
- Budapest: not associated with the phrase “Modern Babylon.”
- Venice: known by other titles such as “Queen of the Adriatic,” not “Modern Babylon.”
The most common method which is used to purify the water is :
A)
De-nitrification
B)
Condensation
C)
Hibernation
D)
Chlorination
Chlorination is the most common method used to purify drinking water because chlorine kills harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- De-nitrification: removes nitrates from water, but it is not the most common general purification method.
- Condensation: is a process used in distillation, not the usual common method for public water purification.
- Hibernation: is a biological state in animals and has nothing to do with water purification.
Therefore, the correct answer is Chlorination.
The excess of total expenditure of Government over its total receipts, excluding borrowings, is known as:
A)
Balance of payment deficit
B)
Revenue deficit
C)
Primary deficit
D)
Fiscal deficit
Step-by-step reasoning:
1. **Definition of Fiscal Deficit**: In macroeconomics and public finance, the Fiscal Deficit is defined as the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowings). It indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government for a particular financial year.
2. **Formula**: Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure – (Revenue Receipts + Non-debt Capital Receipts).
3. **Evaluating other options**:
- **Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit**: This refers to a situation where a country's total payments to the rest of the world exceed its total receipts from the rest of the world (International trade/finance), not internal government spending.
- **Revenue Deficit**: This occurs when the government's revenue expenditure exceeds its revenue receipts. It does not account for capital expenditure or capital receipts.
- **Primary Deficit**: This is the Fiscal Deficit minus interest payments on previous borrowings. It shows how much the government needs to borrow to meet expenses other than interest payments.
Therefore, the specific definition provided in the question matches exactly with the definition of Fiscal Deficit.
According to the State of the Forest Report 2021, which state has the largest area under forest cover?
A)
Maharashtra
B)
Madhya Pradesh
C)
Gujarat
D)
Arunachal Pradesh
According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover area in India. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- Maharashtra has significant forest area, but it is not the highest.
- Gujarat has much lower forest cover compared to Madhya Pradesh.
- Arunachal Pradesh has a very high percentage of forest cover, but in terms of total area, Madhya Pradesh is the largest.
COP 27 will take place from 7-18 November 2022 in which of the following countries?
A)
UK
B)
Saudi Arabia
C)
Egypt
D)
Israel
COP27, the 27th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, was held from 7-18 November 2022 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Therefore, the correct option is (c) Egypt. The UK hosted COP26 in Glasgow in 2021, while Saudi Arabia and Israel were not the hosts of COP27.
Which of the following courses will be discontinued as per National Education Policy (NEP) 2020?
A)
M. Ed
B)
M. Phil
C)
Diploma Courses
D)
M. Com
As per the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the M.Phil programme is to be discontinued. The policy states that the M.Phil degree, which was earlier an intermediate qualification between Master’s and Ph.D., will no longer be required.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) M. Ed: Not discontinued under NEP 2020.
- (c) Diploma Courses: NEP 2020 does not abolish diploma courses; rather, it promotes flexible and vocational education pathways.
- (d) M. Com: Not discontinued under NEP 2020.
Shri Piyush Goyal, the Union Minister for Commerce, Industry, Food and Public Distribution, inaugurated India’s first Food Museum at Thanjavur in the state of :
A)
Uttar Pradesh
B)
Maharashtra
C)
Punjab
D)
Tamil Nadu
Thanjavur (also spelled Tanjore) is a city in the state of Tamil Nadu. Therefore, India’s first Food Museum inaugurated there is in Tamil Nadu. The other options are incorrect because Thanjavur is not located in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, or Punjab.
The world’s first plasmid DNA vaccine that can be administered using a needle-free applicator is :
A)
Pfizer
B)
moderna
C)
ZyCoV-D
D)
Covaxin
ZyCoV-D, developed by Zydus Cadila, is the world’s first approved plasmid DNA vaccine for COVID-19 and it is administered using a needle-free applicator. Pfizer and Moderna are mRNA vaccines, not plasmid DNA vaccines. Covaxin is an inactivated virus vaccine. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
The basis of determining dearness allowance (DA) to employees in India is :
A)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
B)
Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
C)
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
D)
National Income (NI)
Dearness Allowance (DA) in India is calculated to offset the impact of inflation on employees and pensioners. The standard basis for revising DA is the Consumer Price Index (CPI), especially the All India Consumer Price Index. GDP and National Income measure overall economic output/income, not price rise affecting consumers. WPI measures wholesale-level prices, but DA is linked to consumer-level inflation, so CPI is correct.
Constitution of India was adopted by constituent assembly on :
A)
15th August 1950
B)
26th November 1949
C)
26th January 1950
D)
26th January 1949
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949. After adoption, it came into force on 26th January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Option (c) is the date of commencement, not adoption. Options (a) and (d) are incorrect dates.
Which mineral is popularly known as buried sunshine?
A)
Zinc
B)
Mica
C)
Bauxite
D)
Coal
Coal is referred to as 'buried sunshine' because of the process of its formation. Millions of years ago, prehistoric plants captured solar energy through photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy stored in organic matter. When these plants died and were buried under layers of sediment, heat and pressure over geological time converted this organic matter into coal. Therefore, when coal is burned today, it is essentially releasing the solar energy captured by plants millions of years ago.
Other options are incorrect because:
- Zinc (a) is a metallic element mined from ores like sphalerite.
- Mica (b) is a group of silicate minerals known for their insulating properties.
- Bauxite (c) is the primary ore of aluminum, formed through the weathering of rocks.
The Central Government’s contribution in National Pension Scheme (NPS) was increased from 10% to how much percentage?
A)
11 %
B)
12 %
C)
13 %
D)
14 %
The Central Government increased its contribution to the National Pension System (NPS) for Central Government employees from 10% to 14% of basic pay plus dearness allowance. This was announced to make NPS more beneficial for government employees. Hence, option (d) is correct. The other options 11%, 12%, and 13% are incorrect because the notified increase was specifically to 14%.
Which one of the following entrepreneurs has recently become the single largest shareholder of Twitter by buying 9.2% of Twitter’s stake?
A)
Bill Gates
B)
Jack Dorsey
C)
Elon Musk
D)
Jack Ma
Elon Musk became Twitter’s single largest shareholder after acquiring a 9.2% stake in the company in 2022. Therefore, option (c) is correct. The other options are incorrect because Bill Gates, Jack Dorsey, and Jack Ma did not make this 9.2% purchase.
Which Indian city has announced a detailed plan to zero out carbon emissions by 2050?
A)
Chandigarh
B)
Mumbai
C)
Chennai
D)
Delhi
Mumbai announced a detailed climate action plan aiming for net-zero (zeroing out carbon emissions) by 2050. This was part of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation's climate action roadmap. Chandigarh, Chennai, and Delhi have taken climate-related measures, but the city specifically noted for announcing a detailed plan to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 is Mumbai.