← MES Jr. Grade
Past Questions
Which one of the following institution was replaced by NITI-Aayog?
A)
National Development Council
B)
Planning Commission
C)
Finance Commission
D)
National Commission for Central Budgetting
The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established by the Government of India on January 1, 2015, to replace the Planning Commission. While the Planning Commission followed a 'top-down' approach to planning (where the center decided the plans for states), NITI Aayog is designed as a 'think tank' that promotes 'cooperative federalism' through a 'bottom-up' approach, involving state governments more actively in the policy-making process.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. National Development Council (NDC): While the NDC was closely linked to the Planning Commission, it was not replaced by NITI Aayog in the same structural capacity; it was a body for coordinating plans.
- c. Finance Commission: This is a constitutional body (established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution) that recommends the distribution of financial resources between the Union and the States. It continues to exist independently.
- d. National Commission for Central Budgetting: This is not a standard primary institution replaced by NITI Aayog; budgeting is primarily handled by the Ministry of Finance.
Which vitamin is popularly called as ‘Sunshine vitamin’?
A)
Vitamin A
B)
Vitamin B12
C)
Vitamin B
D)
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is popularly known as the 'Sunshine Vitamin' because the human body can synthesize it internally when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. Specifically, 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is converted to cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) upon exposure to UV rays.
Analysis of other options:
- Vitamin A: A fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision and immune function, primarily obtained from diet (e.g., carrots, liver).
- Vitamin B12: A water-soluble vitamin essential for nerve tissue health and brain function, primarily found in animal products.
- Vitamin B: This is a complex of several vitamins (B1, B2, B3, etc.) involved in cell metabolism; none are synthesized via sunlight.
Victor Orban became the prime minister of which of the following countries for the 4th time in a row?
A)
Belarus
B)
Hungary
C)
Finland
D)
Lithuania
Viktor Orbán became the Prime Minister of Hungary for the fourth consecutive time after his party, Fidesz, won the 2022 parliamentary election. Therefore, option (b) is correct. The other countries listed—Belarus, Finland, and Lithuania—did not have Viktor Orbán as their prime minister.
What can be the maximum representation from the Union Territories to the Lok Sabha?
A)
Two
B)
Twelve
C)
Twenty
D)
Fifty
According to Article 81 of the Constitution of India, the composition of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) is structured such that there shall be not more than 530 members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States and not more than 20 members nominated/chosen from the Union Territories. While the nomination of Anglo-Indians (2 members) was discontinued by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019, the constitutional ceiling for representation from Union Territories remains twenty. Therefore, the maximum representation allowed from the Union Territories to the Lok Sabha is twenty.
Which state government has recently launched ‘Women@Work (WOW) Program’, in a bid to raise their workforce strength in workplaces by creating an equitable, inclusive and equal world for women?
A)
Kerala
B)
Punjab
C)
Karnataka
D)
Maharashtra
The ‘Women@Work (WOW) Program’ was launched by the Karnataka government to improve women’s participation in the workforce and promote equitable, inclusive, and equal workplaces. Hence, option (c) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- (a) Kerala: Not the state associated with this specific WOW Program.
- (b) Punjab: No such launch linked to this program.
- (d) Maharashtra: Also not the state that launched this initiative.
Which year is known as the year of great divide in India’s population history?
A)
1911
B)
1921
C)
1951
D)
1971
The year 1921 is called the 'Year of Great Divide' in India’s demographic history because it marks the point after which India’s population began to increase steadily. Before 1921, population growth was irregular due to high birth and death rates, famines, epidemics, and poor health conditions. In 1921, India recorded a negative growth rate for the first and only time in the census history, and from then onward population growth became continuous. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Options (a), (c), and (d) are not associated with this demographic term.
In the recently concluded 64th Annual Grammy Awards, Jon Batiste won 5 Grammys including Album of the year called :
A)
Sour
B)
We are
C)
Planet Her
D)
Back of My Mind
At the 64th Annual Grammy Awards (2022), Jon Batiste won Album of the Year for "We Are" and received a total of 5 Grammy awards. Hence, option (b) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
(a) "Sour" is Olivia Rodrigo's album.
(c) "Planet Her" is Doja Cat's album.
(d) "Back of My Mind" is H.E.R.'s album.
Full form of NEEPCO.
A)
National Electric Power Corporation
B)
North Eastern Electric Power Corporation
C)
North Eastern Electric Power Company
D)
National Electric& Electronic Power Corporation
NEEPCO stands for North Eastern Electric Power Corporation. It is a central public sector undertaking involved in power generation in the North Eastern region of India. Hence option (b) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because it expands NEEPCO as National, not North Eastern. Option (c) is incorrect because the last word is Corporation, not Company. Option (d) is incorrect because it wrongly includes Electronic.
Whose country’s parliament has recently approved a bill to change its capital to Nusantara?
A)
Thailand
B)
Malaysia
C)
Indonesia
D)
Cambodia
Nusantara is the name of Indonesia’s new capital city. Indonesia’s parliament approved the bill to move the national capital from Jakarta to Nusantara in East Kalimantan. Therefore, option (c) is correct. The other options—Thailand, Malaysia, and Cambodia—have not approved any such bill related to Nusantara.
The famous ‘Living Root Bridge’ cultural landscapes which has been included on the tentative list of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites is located at :
A)
Tripura
B)
Himachal Pradesh
C)
Meghalaya
D)
Bihar
The famous Living Root Bridges are found in Meghalaya, especially in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. These bridges are made by training the aerial roots of rubber fig trees across streams and rivers. This cultural landscape was included in UNESCO’s tentative list of World Heritage Sites. इसलिए correct answer is (c) Meghalaya. The other options—Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, and Bihar—are not known for the Living Root Bridges.
Which country has become the first EU country to cut off Russian gas in the year 2022?
A)
Poland
B)
Germany
C)
Lithuania
D)
Hungary
Lithuania became the first EU country to completely stop imports of Russian gas in 2022. In April 2022, Lithuania announced that it would no longer use Russian gas, relying instead on alternative supplies through its LNG terminal at Klaipeda. Therefore, option (c) is correct. Poland and Germany were still dependent on Russian gas at that time, and Hungary also continued imports.
Which of the following companies has become the first LAB manufacturing company in the world to get BIS certification?
A)
TATA
B)
Serum Institute of India Ltd.
C)
Reliance
D)
Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Ltd.
The correct answer is Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Ltd. TPL became the first LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene) manufacturing company in the world to receive BIS certification.
Why others are incorrect:
(a) TATA – not a LAB manufacturing company in this context.
(b) Serum Institute of India Ltd. – a vaccine manufacturer, unrelated to LAB production.
(c) Reliance – although a major industrial company, it is not the company referred to in this specific achievement.
What is the Most important Kharif crops in India?
A)
Wheat
B)
Rice
C)
Maize
D)
Barley
Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested after the rainy season. Rice is the most important Kharif crop in India because it requires high temperature, abundant rainfall, and standing water conditions that match the monsoon season. Wheat and barley are mainly Rabi crops grown in winter, so options (a) and (d) are incorrect. Maize is also a Kharif crop in many areas, but it is not the most important one compared to rice.
Under which of the following categories sound cannot travel through?
A)
Vacuum
B)
Solids
C)
Liquids
D)
Gasses
Sound is a mechanical wave, specifically a longitudinal wave, which means it requires a physical medium (matter) to propagate. It travels by causing particles in the medium to vibrate and collide with neighboring particles, transferring the energy forward.
1. **Solids (b), Liquids (c), and Gases (d)**: These are all states of matter consisting of particles. Sound travels most efficiently through solids (due to high density and elasticity), then liquids, and slowest through gases.
2. **Vacuum (a)**: A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. Since there are no atoms or molecules to vibrate or transmit the mechanical energy, sound cannot travel through a vacuum. This is why space is silent, and why a bell ringing inside a vacuum jar cannot be heard.
Which company has become the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022?
A)
TATA
B)
Byju’s
C)
Reliance
D)
LIC
Byju’s became the first Indian company to sponsor the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar as an official sponsor. Hence option (b) is correct. The other options—TATA, Reliance, and LIC—were not the first Indian company to sponsor FIFA World Cup 2022.
Winner of the “Best Actor in a Leading Role” Award at the 94th Oscars Awards 2022.
A)
Brad Pit
B)
Benedict Cumberbatch
C)
Will Smith
D)
Chris Rock
At the 94th Academy Awards (Oscars) held in 2022, the winner of the Best Actor in a Leading Role award was Will Smith for his performance in King Richard. Therefore, option (c) is correct. Brad Pitt won Best Supporting Actor in an earlier Oscars year, Benedict Cumberbatch was only nominated in 2022, and Chris Rock was not a nominee.
The unified and integrated app known as ‘YONO (You Only Need One) that enables the users access to a variety of financial and other services is associated with :
A)
United Bank of India
B)
State Bank of India
C)
Syndicate Bank
D)
Axis Bank
YONO stands for ‘You Only Need One’ and is the unified digital banking and lifestyle app launched by the State Bank of India (SBI). It allows users to access banking, financial, shopping, and other services on a single platform. Hence, option (b) is correct. The other banks listed are not associated with the YONO platform.
Pulitzer prize is awarded for outstanding work in the field of :
A)
Science and Technology
B)
International Understanding
C)
Literature and Journalism
D)
Environmental Studies
The Pulitzer Prize is a prestigious American award primarily given for excellence in journalism, literature, and musical composition. Therefore, the correct answer is Literature and Journalism. The other options are incorrect because the Pulitzer is not mainly awarded for science and technology, international understanding, or environmental studies.
An instrument used for measuring depth of an ocean is called
A)
Hydrometer
B)
Hygrometer
C)
Galvanometer
D)
Fathometer
A fathometer is an instrument used to measure the depth of water bodies such as oceans and seas, usually by echo sounding. Hence option (d) is correct. A hydrometer measures specific gravity of liquids, a hygrometer measures humidity, and a galvanometer detects/measures small electric currents.
According to the State of the Forest Report 2021, which state has the largest area under forest cover?
A)
Maharashtra
B)
Madhya Pradesh
C)
Gujarat
D)
Arunachal Pradesh
According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021, Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover area in India. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- Maharashtra has significant forest area, but it is not the highest.
- Gujarat has much lower forest cover compared to Madhya Pradesh.
- Arunachal Pradesh has a very high percentage of forest cover, but in terms of total area, Madhya Pradesh is the largest.
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in which city?
A)
Geneva
B)
Oslo
C)
Brussels
D)
Stockholm
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway. Alfred Nobel specified that while most Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, the Peace Prize should be awarded by a committee appointed by the Norwegian Parliament in Oslo. Therefore, option (b) is correct. Geneva and Brussels are not Nobel Prize award cities, and Stockholm is used for the other Nobel Prizes, not the Peace Prize.
When did Russia invaded Ukraine?
A)
21st February 2022
B)
22nd February 2022
C)
23rd February 2022
D)
24th February 2022
Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Therefore option (d) is correct. The other dates are incorrect because they were immediately before the invasion; although Russia recognized the separatist regions on 21 February 2022 and tensions escalated afterward, the actual invasion began on 24 February 2022.
Which of the following is the longest canal in the world?
A)
Panama canal
B)
Kiel canal
C)
Suez Canal
D)
Grand canal
The Grand Canal of China is the longest canal in the world. It is far longer than the Panama Canal, Kiel Canal, and Suez Canal. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Why others are incorrect:
- Panama Canal: important interoceanic canal, but much shorter.
- Kiel Canal: a major canal in Germany, also much shorter.
- Suez Canal: a famous sea-level canal in Egypt, but not the longest.
Which institution provides assistance to those countries who are experiencing severe Balance of Payment crisis?
A)
IMF
B)
World Bank
C)
BRICS Bank
D)
UNO
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the institution that provides financial assistance to countries facing severe Balance of Payments (BoP) crises. Its main role is to help member countries stabilize their economies, provide short-term and medium-term loans, and restore external payment stability.
Why others are incorrect:
- World Bank: Mainly provides long-term development loans and assistance for infrastructure, poverty reduction, and social sectors, not specifically BoP crisis support.
- BRICS Bank: Primarily finances infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other developing countries.
- UNO: The United Nations is not a financial institution for BoP crisis lending.
Therefore, the correct answer is IMF.
Winner of the women’s singles tennis title at the 2022 Australian Open.
A)
Serena Williams
B)
Danielle Collins
C)
Karolína Plíšková
D)
Ashleigh Barty
The women’s singles title at the 2022 Australian Open was won by Ashleigh Barty. She defeated Danielle Collins in the final. Therefore, option (d) is correct. Serena Williams did not win the event, Karolína Plíšková was not the champion, and Danielle Collins was the runner-up.