← AD (Town Planning)
Past Questions — 2023
What is a full form of GTPUDA
A)
Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act
B)
Gujarat Transport Planning and Urban Development Act
C)
Gujarat Transport Planning and Urban Design Act
D)
Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Design Act
The acronym GTPUDA refers to the 'Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act'. This is the primary legislative framework governing urban planning, zoning, and development control within the state of Gujarat, India.
Analysis of options:
- Option (a) is correct as it accurately reflects the legal title of the Act.
- Option (b) is incorrect because 'Transport Planning' is a subset of urban planning, not the title of the overarching Act.
- Option (c) is incorrect for the same reason as (b) and because it uses 'Design' instead of 'Development'.
- Option (d) is incorrect because the legal term used in the legislation is 'Development', which encompasses a broader scope of administrative and physical growth than 'Design'.
Periodical enumeration of demographic indices is known as
A)
Census
B)
Population Distribution
C)
Population Dynamic
D)
None of these
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. Analysis of the term 'Periodical enumeration': Enumeration refers to the act of counting or listing individuals in a population. 'Periodical' indicates that this process happens at regular intervals (e.g., every 10 years). 2. Analysis of 'Demographic indices': These are statistical data points such as age, gender, literacy, occupation, and housing characteristics. 3. Evaluating Option (a) Census: A census is defined as the official, systematic, and periodic counting of a population and the collection of demographic, economic, and social data. This perfectly matches the definition provided in the question. 4. Evaluating Option (b) Population Distribution: This refers to the spatial arrangement of people across a geographic area (how they are spread out), not the process of counting them. 5. Evaluating Option (c) Population Dynamic: This refers to the study of how populations change over time due to births, deaths, and migration. It is the study of change, not the act of periodical enumeration. Therefore, option (a) is the only correct term.
Which of the below process is not associated with Project integration Management area?
A)
Plan Scope Management
B)
Develop Project Management Plan
C)
Direct and Manage Project Work
D)
Monitor and Control Project Work
Project Integration Management is one of the ten Knowledge Areas defined by the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). Its primary purpose is to coordinate all other project management processes. The processes associated with Project Integration Management include: 1. Develop Project Charter, 2. Develop Project Management Plan, 3. Direct and Manage Project Work, 4. Manage Project Knowledge, 5. Monitor and Control Project Work, 6. Perform Integrated Change Control, and 7. Close Project or Phase.
Analyzing the options:
- Option (b) 'Develop Project Management Plan' is a core Integration process.
- Option (c) 'Direct and Manage Project Work' is a core Integration process.
- Option (d) 'Monitor and Control Project Work' is a core Integration process.
- Option (a) 'Plan Scope Management' belongs to the 'Project Scope Management' knowledge area, not the Integration Management area. Therefore, it is the correct answer as it is NOT associated with Project Integration Management.
As per RFCTLARR, what is the minimum percentage of affected families that need to give their consent for acquiring land for private Projects?
A)
70%
B)
80%
C)
50%
D)
60%
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act) mandates specific consent requirements for land acquisition depending on the purpose of the project. According to Section 2(2) of the Act, the consent requirements are as follows: 1. For Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects, the consent of at least 70% of the affected families is required. 2. For Private Company or Private Projects, the consent of at least 80% of the affected families is required. Since the question specifically asks for 'private Projects', the correct threshold is 80%. Therefore, option (b) is correct, while option (a) refers to PPP projects, and options (c) and (d) are not applicable under this specific legal provision.
Interviewing all members of a given population is called:
A)
a sample
B)
a gallup poll
C)
a Nielsen Audit
D)
a census
In statistics and demographics, the process of collecting data from every single member of a defined population is known as a 'census'.
Step-by-step analysis of the options:
1. **a. a sample**: A sample is a subset of a population. Sampling is used when it is impractical or too expensive to interview every member of the population.
2. **b. a gallup poll**: This is a specific type of survey conducted by the Gallup organization. It uses sampling techniques to estimate the opinions of a larger population; it does not interview every single member of the population.
3. **c. a Nielsen Audit**: This refers to market research conducted by Nielsen (often regarding television ratings or consumer buying habits). Like polls, these rely on representative samples (panels) rather than a full population count.
4. **d. a census**: By definition, a census is a systematic enumeration and collection of data from all individuals in a given population (e.g., the National Census conducted every 10 years).
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was written by
A)
Adam Smith
B)
Max Weber
C)
Joseph Schumpeter
D)
William Baumol
The book 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism' (originally published in German as 'Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus' in 1905) was written by the German sociologist and philosopher Max Weber. In this seminal work, Weber argues that the values of the Protestant Reformation—specifically Calvinism—emphasized hard work, frugality, and the pursuit of worldly success as a sign of divine election, which in turn provided the cultural and psychological framework necessary for the rise of modern industrial capitalism.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Adam Smith: Known as the father of modern economics, he wrote 'The Wealth of Nations' (1776), which focuses on the 'invisible hand' and free markets.
- Joseph Schumpeter: A famous economist known for his theory of 'creative destruction' and his work 'Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy'.
- William Baumol: A contemporary economist known for his work on productivity and the 'Baumol effect' (cost disease).
Fulkerson s rule is connected with the
A)
numbering of event in PERT/CPM
B)
creation of parallel activity
C)
queuing activity
D)
elimination of dummy activity
Fulkerson's Rule is a systematic procedure used in Project Management (specifically in PERT and CPM networks) to number the events (nodes) of a network diagram. The rule ensures that for every activity, the event number at the head (terminal node) is always greater than the event number at the tail (starting node).
Step-by-step application of Fulkerson's Rule:
1. Identify the initial event (start node) and assign it number 1.
2. Identify all events that can be reached from event 1 by a single activity. Number these events sequentially (2, 3, 4...).
3. Repeat the process for the newly numbered events, ensuring that no event is numbered until all its preceding events have been numbered.
4. Continue until the final event (sink node) is reached and numbered.
Why other options are incorrect:
- Option b (creation of parallel activity): Parallel activities are a structural feature of the network, not a numbering rule.
- Option c (queuing activity): Queuing is related to Queueing Theory/Operations Research, not the numbering of network events.
- Option d (elimination of dummy activity): Dummy activities are used to maintain logical relationships; their elimination is part of network simplification or optimization, not Fulkerson's Rule.
The project life cycle consists of:
A)
Understanding the scope of project
B)
Objectives of the project
C)
Formulation and planning various activities
D)
All of these
The Project Life Cycle (PLC) is the sequence of phases that a project goes through from its initiation to its closure. While different methodologies (like Waterfall or Agile) define phases differently, they all encompass the core elements listed in the options:
1. Understanding the scope of the project (Option a): This occurs during the Initiation and Planning phases. Defining the scope is critical to determine what is included and excluded from the project to avoid scope creep.
2. Objectives of the project (Option b): Establishing clear, measurable objectives is the primary goal of the Initiation phase. Without defined objectives, a project cannot be measured for success.
3. Formulation and planning various activities (Option c): This is the core of the Planning phase, where the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), schedules, resource allocation, and risk management plans are developed.
Since all three components are integral parts of the overall project life cycle process, the correct answer is 'All of these'.
The Planning Commission was established in the year
A)
1950
B)
1955
C)
1960
D)
1965
The Planning Commission of India was established on March 15, 1950, by a Government of India resolution. It was a non-constitutional, non-statutory body created to formulate Five-Year Plans for the economic development of the country. It functioned as the central agency for economic planning until it was replaced by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) on January 1, 2015. Options b (1955), c (1960), and d (1965) are incorrect as the commission had already been operational for several years by those dates.
What is the full form of RFCTLARR, 2013 Act?
A)
Right for Community Transaction in Land Allocation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement
B)
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
C)
Right to Find Common Territory for livelihood, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
D)
None of the above
The RFCTLARR Act, 2013 is a landmark piece of legislation in India that replaced the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act of 1894. The full form is the 'Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013'.
Breakdown of the acronym:
- R: Right
- F: Fair (Compensation)
- C: Compensation
- T: Transparency
- L: Land
- A: Acquisition
- R: Rehabilitation
- R: Resettlement
Option (a) and (c) are fabricated phrases that do not correspond to the legal title of the Act. Option (b) accurately reflects the statutory name of the legislation which ensures that landowners receive fair market value for their land and that displaced families are provided with necessary rehabilitation and resettlement packages.
Development economics focuses primarily on the poorest of the world’s population.
A)
Two-third
B)
One-third
C)
Half
D)
None of these
Development economics is a branch of economics that focuses on improving the fiscal, economic, and social conditions in developing countries. Historically and theoretically, development economics targets the 'bottom' segment of the global population that lacks basic necessities and economic stability. In many foundational economic texts and global development reports (such as those from the World Bank and UNDP), the focus is often placed on the approximately one-third of the world's population living in extreme poverty or residing in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). While the exact percentage fluctuates over time, 'one-third' is the standard academic benchmark used in multiple-choice questions of this nature to represent the global poor/underdeveloped population that requires targeted development interventions. Options 'a' (Two-third) and 'c' (Half) overestimate the proportion of the population living in absolute poverty/extreme underdevelopment according to standard global economic metrics.
The Power and function of the panchayats are enlisted in of the constitution.
A)
10th schedule
B)
11th schedule
C)
12th schedule
D)
13th schedule
The powers and functions of the Panchayats are detailed in the 11th Schedule of the Indian Constitution. This schedule was added by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, which gave constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). The 11th Schedule contains 29 functional items (such as agriculture, land improvement, minor irrigation, and poverty alleviation) that may be devolved by the State Governments to the Panchayats.
Analysis of other options:
- 10th Schedule: Deals with the 'Anti-Defection Law' (added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985).
- 12th Schedule: Deals with the powers and functions of Municipalities (added by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992).
- 13th Schedule: There is no 13th Schedule in the Indian Constitution; it currently contains 12 schedules.
Which of the following is not the objective of SIA for various development project?
A)
Forceful Eviction
B)
Appropriate Compensation
C)
Identification of Various beneficiaries
D)
All of these
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a process used to analyze, monitor, and mitigate the intended and unintended social consequences of planned interventions (development projects).
1. **Option (a) Forceful Eviction:** This is NOT an objective of SIA. In fact, SIA is designed to prevent arbitrary or forceful evictions by ensuring that displacement is minimized and that any necessary relocation is done humanely, legally, and with the consent or fair treatment of the affected people.
2. **Option (b) Appropriate Compensation:** This is a primary objective of SIA. SIA helps in determining the fair market value of lost assets and calculating the social cost of displacement to ensure that affected persons are compensated adequately.
3. **Option (c) Identification of Various beneficiaries:** This is a core objective of SIA. It aims to identify who will benefit from the project and, more importantly, who will be adversely affected (the project-affected persons or PAPs), ensuring that the benefits are distributed equitably and the losses are mitigated.
Since 'Forceful Eviction' contradicts the ethical and legal framework of Social Impact Assessment, it is the correct answer to the question 'Which of the following is NOT the objective'.
Which of the following state is the largest producer of bamboo in India?
A)
Haryana
B)
Mizoram
C)
Telangana
D)
Himachal Pradesh
Bamboo is primarily grown in the North-Eastern states of India due to the favorable tropical climate and high rainfall. Among the given options, Mizoram is a leading producer of bamboo. In the broader context of India, the North-Eastern region (including states like Assam, Mizoram, and Nagaland) accounts for the vast majority of India's bamboo resources.
Analysis of options:
- Haryana: Primarily an agricultural state focusing on wheat and paddy; not a major bamboo producer.
- Mizoram: Part of the 'Bamboo Belt' of India with extensive natural bamboo forests.
- Telangana: While it produces some bamboo, its output is significantly lower than that of the North-Eastern states.
- Himachal Pradesh: Focuses more on temperate fruits and timber; not a primary producer of bamboo compared to the North-East.
A Pictorial chart is made for the construction project in item wise with the duration of time is known as
A)
Duration chart
B)
Bar Chart
C)
Time Chart
D)
Project Chart
In project management, a Bar Chart (specifically the Gantt Chart) is a pictorial representation used to schedule project activities. It lists the project items (tasks) on the vertical axis and the time scale on the horizontal axis. Each activity is represented by a horizontal bar; the length of the bar corresponds to the duration of the activity, and its position indicates the start and finish dates.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Duration chart: This is a general term and not a standard technical name for a specific pictorial scheduling tool.
- c. Time chart: While it involves time, 'Time Chart' is too generic and does not specifically refer to the item-wise pictorial bar representation used in construction planning.
- d. Project chart: This is a broad term that could refer to any chart related to a project (like an organizational chart or a PERT chart), whereas the description specifically matches the definition of a Bar Chart.
A PERT network has 9 activities on its critical path. The standard deviation of each activity on the critical path is 3. The standard deviation of the critical path is
A)
3
B)
9
C)
27
D)
81
In PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique), the total variance of a path is the sum of the variances of the individual activities on that path.
1. **Given Data**:
- Number of activities on the critical path (n) = 9
- Standard deviation of each activity (σ_i) = 3
2. **Calculate Variance of each activity**:
Variance (σ²) is the square of the standard deviation.
σ_i² = 3² = 9
3. **Calculate Total Variance of the Critical Path (σ_path²)**:
σ_path² = Σ (σ_i²)
Since there are 9 activities with the same variance:
σ_path² = 9 × 9 = 81
4. **Calculate Standard Deviation of the Critical Path (σ_path)**:
The standard deviation is the square root of the total variance.
σ_path = √81 = 9
Therefore, the standard deviation of the critical path is 9.
- Option (a) is incorrect because it is the standard deviation of a single activity.
- Option (c) is incorrect as it results from multiplying the number of activities by the standard deviation (9 * 3), which is mathematically incorrect for independent random variables.
- Option (d) is incorrect because it is the total variance, not the standard deviation.
Which one of the following does have some limitation when applied to detailed engineering design work during early stages of project?
A)
CPM
B)
PERT
C)
Dummy Activity
D)
Estimate
To determine the correct answer, we must analyze the characteristics of the two primary project management techniques: CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique).
1. **CPM (Critical Path Method):** CPM is a deterministic model. It assumes that the time required to complete each activity is known with certainty based on previous experience. Because it relies on fixed time estimates, it is highly effective for repetitive, well-defined projects (like construction). However, during the 'early stages' of detailed engineering design work, there is often high uncertainty and a lack of historical data for specific tasks. Applying a deterministic model (CPM) to an uncertain environment is a significant limitation.
2. **PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique):** PERT is a probabilistic model. It uses three time estimates (Optimistic, Most Likely, and Pessimistic) to account for uncertainty. This makes PERT specifically designed for R&D and early-stage engineering projects where activity durations are not known with certainty.
3. **Dummy Activity:** This is a logical tool used in AOA (Activity-on-Arrow) networks to show dependencies; it is not a project management methodology and does not have 'limitations' regarding the stage of design in the same context as CPM/PERT.
4. **Estimate:** An estimate is a general term for predicting costs or time; it is a component of planning, not a scheduling system with systemic limitations in the context of CPM vs PERT.
Conclusion: Since detailed engineering design in early stages involves high uncertainty, the deterministic nature of CPM makes it limited compared to the probabilistic nature of PERT.
The process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables is called
A)
Budgeting
B)
Estimating
C)
Planning
D)
None of these
In Project Management, 'Estimating' is the specific process of forecasting or approximating the time, cost, and resources required to complete project deliverables. It involves using techniques such as Analogous Estimating, Parametric Estimating, or Three-Point Estimating to predict future requirements based on available data.
Why other options are incorrect:
- a. Budgeting: This is the process of allocating the estimated costs to specific time periods or work packages to create a cost baseline. Budgeting happens *after* estimating.
- c. Planning: This is a broad, overarching phase that encompasses estimating, budgeting, scheduling, and risk management. While estimating is part of planning, 'planning' itself is not the specific act of forecasting time and cost.
- d. None of these: Incorrect, as 'Estimating' accurately describes the process defined in the question.
The time by which the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the start of succeeding activities is known as
A)
Duration
B)
Total Float
C)
Free Float
D)
Interfering Float
In project management (specifically in CPM/PERT networks), 'Float' or 'Slack' refers to the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project or subsequent activities.
1. **Free Float (FF):** This is defined as the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start (ES) of any immediate successor activity. The formula is: FF = ES (next activity) - EF (current activity). This matches the definition provided in the question.
2. **Total Float (TF):** This is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the overall project completion date. Total float is generally larger than or equal to free float.
3. **Interfering Float (IF):** This is the difference between Total Float and Free Float. It is the part of the total float that, if used, will delay the start of succeeding activities but not the project completion date.
4. **Duration:** This is simply the total time required to complete an activity, not a measure of delay flexibility.
Therefore, since the question specifically mentions not affecting the 'start of succeeding activities', the correct term is Free Float.
Formation of NITI AYOG was announced in
A)
15 August 2018
B)
15 August 2014
C)
15 August 2016
D)
26 January 2016
Step-by-step reasoning: 1. NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established to replace the Planning Commission of India. 2. The formation of NITI Aayog was officially announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day speech on 15 August 2014. 3. While the announcement was made on 15 August 2014, the formal government resolution to establish the body was passed on 1 January 2015. 4. Comparing this to the options provided: Option (a) 2018, (c) 2016, and (d) 2016 are chronologically incorrect as the announcement happened in 2014. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.
Who among the following had propounded the concept of ‘Trusteeship’?
A)
M.N Roy
B)
Aurobindo Ghosh
C)
GK Gokhale
D)
Mahatma Gandhi
The concept of 'Trusteeship' was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi. It is a socio-economic philosophy that suggests wealthy individuals should act as 'trustees' of their wealth for the benefit of the common people, rather than viewing themselves as sole owners. Gandhi believed that this approach would resolve class conflict and achieve social justice without the need for violent revolution or forced redistribution of wealth.
Why other options are incorrect:
- M.N. Roy: He was a prominent figure in the Communist movement and later the founder of Radical Humanism, focusing on scientific rationalism and atheism.
- Aurobindo Ghosh: He was a spiritual philosopher and nationalist known for his theories on integral yoga and spiritual evolution.
- GK Gokhale: He was a moderate leader of the Indian National Congress who focused on constitutional reforms and administrative improvements through legal means.
As per National Health Mission, how many Primary Health Centre (PHC) is dedicated for 20000 tribal population?
A)
4
B)
3
C)
2
D)
1
Under the guidelines of the National Health Mission (NHM) and the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS), the norms for the establishment of Primary Health Centres (PHCs) are based on population density and terrain. For plain areas, a PHC is typically established for every 30,000 people. However, for hilly, tribal, or difficult terrain areas, the population norm is reduced to ensure better accessibility to healthcare. In these tribal/hilly areas, one PHC is dedicated to every 20,000 people. Therefore, for a tribal population of 20,000, 1 PHC is required.
Any family who on account of acquisition of land must be relocated and resettled from the affected area to the resettlement area is called
A)
Displaced family
B)
Affected Family
C)
Beneficiary
D)
All of these
In the context of land acquisition, rehabilitation, and resettlement (R&R) laws (such as the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013), a distinction is made between 'Affected Families' and 'Displaced Families'.
1. **Displaced Family**: This refers specifically to a family that has to be relocated and resettled from the affected area to a resettlement area because their residence or place of business is being acquired. The key element here is the physical movement (relocation) from one area to another.
2. **Affected Family**: This is a broader term. It includes not only those who are displaced but also those who lose their primary source of livelihood (e.g., agricultural laborers, tenants, or artisans) even if they are not physically relocated from their homes.
3. **Beneficiary**: This is a general term for anyone receiving a benefit or compensation, but it is not the legal definition for a family requiring relocation.
Since the question specifically mentions the requirement to be 'relocated and resettled from the affected area to the resettlement area', the correct technical term is 'Displaced family'.
Which of the following statement is defining the Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
A)
total number of children born in a country in a given year divided by labor force.
B)
number of children born to average woman during her reproductive years.
C)
number of births in a country divided by total population in a given year.
D)
number of women age 15-45 in a country divided by total population.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a demographic metric that represents the average number of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her childbearing years (typically defined as ages 15–44 or 15–49) experiencing the current age-specific fertility rates.
Analysis of options:
- Option (a) is incorrect because the labor force is not used as a denominator for fertility rates; fertility is measured relative to the female population of reproductive age.
- Option (b) is correct as it accurately describes the conceptual definition of TFR: the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime/reproductive span.
- Option (c) describes the 'Crude Birth Rate' (CBR), which is the total number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year.
- Option (d) describes a population proportion or demographic structure ratio, not a fertility rate.
The simplest explanation based on Lewis s model for rural-urban migration is
A)
that people migrate when urban wages exceed rural wages.
B)
a higher expected income in urban areas.
C)
better infrastructure in urban areas.
D)
the availability of labour-intensive jobs in urban areas.
The Lewis Model (also known as the Dual Sector Model), developed by Sir Arthur Lewis, describes the transition of a developing economy from a traditional agricultural sector to a modern industrial sector.
1. **Core Premise**: The model assumes a 'dual economy' consisting of a rural subsistence sector (with surplus labor and zero or very low marginal productivity) and an urban industrial sector.
2. **The Driver of Migration**: The primary catalyst for migration in this model is the wage differential. Lewis posits that workers will migrate from the rural sector to the urban sector as long as the urban industrial wage is higher than the rural subsistence wage (typically by a small premium to encourage the move).
3. **Mechanism**: Because there is 'surplus labor' in the rural areas, workers can move to the city without reducing agricultural output. The industrial sector continues to grow by hiring this labor at a constant wage until the surplus labor is exhausted.
Why other options are incorrect:
- **Option b**: While 'expected income' is a general driver of migration (often associated with the Harris-Todaro model), the Lewis model specifically focuses on the actual wage gap between the two sectors.
- **Option c**: Infrastructure is a 'pull factor' in general urban geography, but it is not the theoretical basis of the Lewis economic model.
- **Option d**: While labor-intensive jobs provide the demand for workers, the *explanation for the migration itself* in the Lewis model is the wage incentive, not merely the existence of the jobs.
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