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Past Questions — 2021
The adverse effect of anticancerous drugs is __________.
A)
constipation
B)
bleeding
C)
lameness
D)
convulsions
Anticancer drugs commonly suppress bone marrow, causing thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). This increases the risk of bleeding, which is a well-known adverse effect. Constipation, lameness, and convulsions are not the typical general adverse effect of anticancer drugs in this context.
Post - hepatic jaundice is also known as __________.
A)
Toxic Jaundice
B)
Obstructive Jaundice
C)
Hemolytic Jaundice
D)
None of these
Post-hepatic jaundice occurs due to obstruction to the flow of bile after it leaves the liver, usually in the bile ducts. Therefore, it is called obstructive jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is pre-hepatic, and toxic jaundice is not the standard synonym for post-hepatic jaundice.
‘Eye worm’ of poultry is:
A)
Oxyspirura mansoni
B)
Heterakis gallinarum
C)
Syngamus trachea
D)
Subulura brumpti
The 'eye worm' of poultry is Oxyspirura mansoni, a nematode that parasitizes the conjunctival sac and related tissues of birds, especially chickens. Heterakis gallinarum is the cecal worm, Syngamus trachea is the gapeworm, and Subulura brumpti is an intestinal nematode, not the eye worm.
“Cage layer fatigue” in laying hens is due to __________ deficiency.
A)
Iron
B)
Calcium
C)
Selenium
D)
Phosphorus
Cage layer fatigue in laying hens is primarily due to calcium deficiency, often associated with the high calcium demand for eggshell formation. When calcium intake is inadequate, hens may develop weak bones, paralysis, and difficulty standing. Iron deficiency causes anemia, selenium deficiency is linked to white muscle disease, and phosphorus deficiency can affect bone development, but the classic cause of cage layer fatigue is calcium deficiency.
__________ is a measure of the effective concentration of a drug.
A)
Occupancy
B)
Efficacy
C)
Potency
D)
None of these
Potency is the measure of the amount or concentration of a drug needed to produce a given effect, so it reflects the drug's effective concentration. Efficacy refers to the maximum effect a drug can produce, and occupancy refers to receptor binding, not concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is Potency.
Digestive enzyme of pancrease is __________.
A)
Insulin
B)
Glucagon
C)
Pepsinogen
D)
Zymogen
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes in an inactive form called zymogens (proenzymes), such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase. These are later activated in the intestine. Insulin and glucagon are pancreatic hormones, not digestive enzymes. Pepsinogen is a stomach enzyme precursor, not a pancreatic secretion.
The quantitative study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs (What the drugs does to the body?).
A)
Pharmacodynamics
B)
Pharmacokinetics.
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Pharmacodynamics is the study of what a drug does to the body, including its biological and therapeutic effects, mechanism of action, and dose-response relationship. Pharmacokinetics, in contrast, describes what the body does to the drug—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is Pharmacodynamics.
Lignocaine acts by _________.
A)
Blocking sodium channel
B)
Inhibiting magnesium channel
C)
Stimulating sodium channel
D)
Blocking calcium channel
Lignocaine (lidocaine) is a local anesthetic. It works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes, which prevents sodium influx, stops depolarization, and thereby inhibits nerve impulse conduction. The other options are incorrect because lignocaine does not act by blocking calcium channels, inhibiting magnesium channels, or stimulating sodium channels.
They have no gut or mouth but absorb nutrients directly from the host’s gut.
A)
Trematodes
B)
Nematodes
C)
Cestodes
D)
All of these
Cestodes (tapeworms) lack a digestive tract, including a mouth and gut. They absorb pre-digested nutrients directly through their tegument from the host’s intestinal contents. Trematodes and nematodes do have digestive systems, so they are not correct.
“Star-gazing posture” of chicks is due to deficiency of __________.
A)
Vitamin B1
B)
Vitamin B2
C)
Vitamin B6
D)
Vitamin B12
‘Star-gazing’ posture in chicks is a nervous disorder classically associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes neurological signs such as opisthotonos/‘star gazing’. Vitamin B2 deficiency more typically causes curled-toe paralysis and riboflavin deficiency signs, while B6 and B12 deficiencies do not classically produce this specific posture.
A substances used to measure glomerular filtration rate.
A)
Insulin
B)
Inulin
C)
Diodrast
D)
All of these
Inulin is the classic substance used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because it is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is neither reabsorbed, secreted, synthesized, nor metabolized by the kidneys. Insulin is not used for this purpose, and diodrast was historically used mainly for measuring renal plasma flow, not GFR. Therefore, the correct answer is Inulin.
An antidote for organophospate poisoning.
A)
Naloxone
B)
Flumazenil
C)
Digoxin
D)
Atropin
Organophosphate poisoning causes excess acetylcholine due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to cholinergic symptoms. Atropine is the standard antidote for the muscarinic effects of organophosphate poisoning. Naloxone is an opioid antidote, flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdose, and digoxin is not an antidote.
Which of the following is a stop codon in DNA?
A)
UAG
B)
UAA
C)
UGA
D)
All of these
The three stop codons in the genetic code are UAA, UAG, and UGA. Although the question says “in DNA,” these codons are usually written in mRNA as UAA/UAG/UGA; the corresponding DNA template triplets would be different. Since all three listed codons are stop codons, the correct answer is “All of these.”
Stage III of Inhalant anesthesia with plane __________ is use for surgical operation.
A)
Plane I
B)
Plane II
C)
Plane III
D)
Plane IV
In inhalant anesthesia, Stage III is the surgical anesthesia stage. It is divided into four planes. Plane II is the commonly used plane for surgical operations because reflexes are adequately depressed and muscle relaxation is sufficient for surgery. Plane I is too light, while Plane III and Plane IV represent progressively deeper anesthesia and may lead to dangerous depression of vital functions.
Laughing gas is __________.
A)
Carbon dioxide
B)
Sulphur dioxide
C)
Nitrous oxide
D)
None of these
Laughing gas is the common name for nitrous oxide (N2O). It was historically used as an anesthetic and causes a brief feeling of euphoria, which is why it is called laughing gas. Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are different gases and are not known by this name.
__________ is a “Programme cell death” or cell suicide.
A)
Apoptosis
B)
Karryorrhexis
C)
Karyolysis
D)
Necrosis
Apoptosis is the term for programmed cell death, also called cell suicide. It is a controlled process by which cells die without causing inflammation. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus, karyolysis means dissolution of the nucleus, and necrosis is accidental/uncontrolled cell death due to injury.
An agents which produce sleep and can be awaked by external stimuli.
A)
Narcotics
B)
Hypnotics
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Hypnotics are drugs that induce sleep, and the person can usually be awakened by external stimuli. Narcotics primarily refer to analgesic/depressant drugs and are not the standard term for sleep-producing agents. Therefore, the correct answer is Hypnotics.
Pig Whipworm
A)
Uncinaria stenocephala
B)
Trichuris suis
C)
Barthomostomus sangeri
D)
None of these
Pig whipworm is Trichuris suis. It is the whipworm species commonly parasitizing pigs. Option (a) Uncinaria stenocephala is a hookworm of dogs and other carnivores, and option (c) Barthomostomus sangeri is not the pig whipworm. Therefore, the correct answer is (b) Trichuris suis.
A relatively short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication is called:
A)
Primer
B)
Okazaki fragment
C)
Klenow fragment
D)
None of these
During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short DNA segments. These short fragments are called Okazaki fragments. A primer is only a short RNA segment that starts synthesis, and the Klenow fragment is a DNA polymerase I fragment, not a replication product.
__________ is the fluid part of blood after clotting of whole blood.
A)
Plasma
B)
RBC
C)
WBC
D)
Serum
When whole blood clots, clotting factors such as fibrinogen are used up in forming the clot. The remaining fluid is called serum. Plasma is the fluid part of blood before clotting, while RBC and WBC are blood cells, not fluid components.
Headquarter of OIE.
A)
Italy
B)
Switzerland
C)
Paris
D)
USA
The OIE (now called the World Organisation for Animal Health, WOAH) has its headquarters in Paris, France. Therefore, the correct option is (c) Paris. Italy, Switzerland, and USA are not the headquarters location.
Normal respiration is control by:
A)
Coelic nerve
B)
Radial nerve
C)
Supra Scapular nerve
D)
Vagus nerve
Normal respiration is regulated by the respiratory centers in the medulla and pons, and the vagus nerve carries important afferent signals from the lungs and airway receptors that help regulate breathing. Among the given options, vagus nerve is the correct answer. The other options—coelic nerve, radial nerve, and suprascapular nerve—are not involved in control of respiration.
A Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) that brings about Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) response.
A)
Class I MHC molecules
B)
Class II MHC molecules
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are primarily associated with Class I MHC molecules because they present endogenous antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which are the main effector cells in CMI. Class II MHC molecules present exogenous antigens to CD4+ helper T cells and are more closely related to helping activate immune responses rather than directly mediating CMI. Therefore, the correct answer is Class I MHC molecules.
Oxyuris equi are commonly known as :
A)
Pin worm
B)
Caecal worm
C)
Stomach worm
D)
None of these
Oxyuris equi is the equine pinworm, commonly called pin worm. It lives in the large intestine of horses and causes irritation around the anus. The other options are incorrect: caecal worm refers to Trichonema/strongyle-related worms, and stomach worm refers to parasites like Habronema or Gastrophilus depending on context.
According to CDC __________ disease is not included in Category-A biological weapons.
A)
Anthrax
B)
Brucellosis
C)
Plague
D)
Small pox
CDC Category A biological agents are those that pose the highest risk to national security and include Anthrax, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia, Botulism, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Brucellosis is not in Category A; it is generally classified as a Category B agent.