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Past Questions — 2021
According to OIE __________ is also known as Blue ear disease.
A)
ASF
B)
SF
C)
PRRS
D)
None of these
Blue ear disease is the common name for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), especially the acute form in pigs where cyanosis of the ears can occur. ASF is African swine fever and SF is swine fever, neither is called blue ear disease. Therefore, the correct option is PRRS.
The collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment.
A)
One Medicine
B)
One Health
C)
Comparative medicine.
D)
One World
The phrase describes the integrated approach of human, animal, and environmental health working together at local, national, and global levels. This is the definition of 'One Health'.
- (a) One Medicine: an older related concept, but not the standard term for the broad human-animal-environment collaboration.
- (b) One Health: correct, because it explicitly covers people, animals, and the environment.
- (c) Comparative medicine: a field comparing diseases across species, not the collaborative public health concept.
- (d) One World: not a recognized public health approach in this context.
Tigroid heart is seen in __________.
A)
Black quarter
B)
Foot and mouth disease
C)
Vesicular exanthema
D)
None of these
Tigroid heart refers to the mottled appearance of the myocardium due to focal degeneration/necrosis, classically seen in Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) because the virus can affect the heart muscle, especially in young animals. In black quarter, the typical lesion is emphysematous swelling and muscle necrosis, not tigroid heart. Vesicular exanthema mainly causes vesicular lesions, not this cardiac change. Hence the correct answer is Foot and mouth disease.
Drug of choice in acute anaphylactic shock.
A)
Epinephrine
B)
Atropine
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Acute anaphylactic shock is a medical emergency, and the drug of choice is epinephrine (adrenaline). It rapidly reverses bronchospasm, vasodilation, and mucosal edema, and also supports blood pressure through alpha- and beta-adrenergic actions. Atropine is not the drug of choice for anaphylaxis, and 'both' is incorrect because epinephrine alone is the first-line lifesaving drug.
The parasites that lives inside the cells within the host. Eg. erythrocytes.
A)
Intercellular parasites
B)
Intracellular parasites
C)
Endoparasites
D)
None of these
Parasites that live inside the cells of the host are called intracellular parasites. Erythrocytes are host cells, so a parasite residing inside them is intracellular. Intercellular parasites live between cells, and endoparasites is a broader term for parasites living inside the body, not specifically inside cells.
__________ is declared as World TB Day.
A)
24th March
B)
14th March
C)
4th March
D)
24th May
World TB Day is observed on 24th March every year, commemorating Dr. Robert Koch’s announcement in 1882 of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus. Hence, option (a) is correct. The other dates are not associated with World TB Day.
Prolong starvation leads to__________ of muscles.
A)
Hypertrophy
B)
Hyperplasia
C)
Atrophy
D)
Metaplasia
Prolonged starvation causes the body to use its own tissue reserves for energy, leading to shrinkage of muscle cells and reduction in muscle mass. This process is called atrophy. Hypertrophy means increase in cell size, hyperplasia means increase in cell number, and metaplasia means change of one mature cell type into another.
It is included in transboundry disease(s) according to OIE.
A)
African swine fever (ASF)
B)
FMD
C)
Avian influenza (AI)
D)
All of these
OIE (now WOAH) classifies several major diseases as transboundary animal diseases because they spread rapidly across borders and have serious economic impacts. African swine fever (ASF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and avian influenza (AI) are all recognized transboundary diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is 'All of these'.
The most common nematode which shows anthelmintic resistance in livestock.
A)
Ancylostoma spp
B)
Trichinella spp
C)
Haemonchus spp
D)
None of these
Haemonchus spp. (especially Haemonchus contortus) is the nematode most commonly associated with anthelmintic resistance in livestock, particularly in sheep and goats. It is a highly pathogenic gastrointestinal blood-sucking parasite and has developed resistance to many commonly used dewormers worldwide. Ancylostoma spp. and Trichinella spp. are not the typical livestock nematodes noted for this issue.
Gastrin is secreted by__________.
A)
Fundic stomach
B)
Cardiac stomach
C)
Pyloric stomach
D)
All of these
Gastrin is secreted by G cells, which are mainly located in the pyloric antrum of the stomach. The pyloric stomach is therefore the correct answer. The fundic and cardiac regions do not secrete gastrin as their main function, so options (a) and (b) are incorrect. Since gastrin is not secreted by all regions, option (d) is also incorrect.
An antidote of heparin overdose is?
A)
Protamine sulphate
B)
Atropine
C)
Ca salt
D)
Dicumerol
Heparin is an anticoagulant, and its overdose is reversed by protamine sulphate, which binds to heparin and neutralizes its action. Atropine is used for cholinergic effects, calcium salts are not the antidote for heparin, and dicumerol is itself an anticoagulant, not an antidote.
Button ulcers in the mucosa of G.I tract is the characteristic lesion in __________ disease.
A)
African Swine Fever
B)
Classical Swine fever
C)
Swine Erysipelas
D)
All of these
Button ulcers in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract are the classic gross lesion of Classical Swine Fever (hog cholera). They are caused by necrosis of Peyer’s patches and sloughing of the overlying mucosa, leaving round ulcers that resemble buttons. African Swine Fever typically causes hemorrhages and lymphoid necrosis, while Swine Erysipelas does not characteristically produce button ulcers.
The term anaesthesia was coined by __________.
A)
Oliver Wendell Holmes
B)
Oswald Schmiedeberg
C)
John J. Abel
D)
Friedrich Serturner
The term ‘anaesthesia’ was coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1846. He suggested the word to describe the state of loss of sensation produced during surgery. The other options are known for other contributions: Oswald Schmiedeberg is regarded as a founder of modern pharmacology, John J. Abel is a pioneer of American pharmacology, and Friedrich Sertürner isolated morphine from opium.
Irregularities in the size of R.B.C.
A)
Poikilocytosis
B)
Anisocytosis
C)
Spherocytosis
D)
None of these
Irregularity in the size of red blood cells (RBCs) is called anisocytosis. Poikilocytosis refers to irregularity in the shape of RBCs, while spherocytosis specifically means spherical RBCs. Therefore, the correct answer is anisocytosis.
An example of RNA – dependant DNA polymerase is __________.
A)
DNA ligase
B)
RNA polymerase I
C)
RNA polymerase II
D)
Reverse Transcriptase
An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA using an RNA template. This enzyme is called reverse transcriptase. DNA ligase joins DNA fragments, while RNA polymerase I and II synthesize RNA from DNA, not DNA from RNA.
Organ acts as an exocrine and endocrine gland:
A)
Liver
B)
Spleen
C)
Pancrease
D)
Gall bladder
The pancreas acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. Its exocrine part secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes into the small intestine, while its endocrine part (islets of Langerhans) secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon into the blood. Liver, spleen, and gall bladder are not both exocrine and endocrine glands.
Father of experimental pathology.
A)
Rudolph Virchow
B)
Antonio Benevieni
C)
Julius Cohnheim
D)
None of these
Antonio Benevieni is regarded as the father of experimental pathology. Rudolph Virchow is known as the father of cellular pathology, while Julius Cohnheim made major contributions to experimental pathology but is not credited with being its father. Therefore, the correct answer is Antonio Benevieni.
Drug used as anthelmentic by producing its effect by GABA mediated hyper polarization is:
A)
Albendazole
B)
Mebendazole
C)
Fenbendazole
D)
Ivermectin
Ivermectin acts as an anthelmintic by enhancing GABA-mediated neurotransmission in parasites, leading to hyperpolarization, paralysis, and death of the worm. Albendazole, mebendazole, and fenbendazole are benzimidazoles; they act mainly by inhibiting microtubule formation and are not GABA-mediated drugs.
Barbituric acid is having __________.
A)
No action on CNS
B)
Stimulate CNS
C)
Supress CNS
D)
Excitation effect
Barbituric acid derivatives act as central nervous system depressants. They produce sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and in higher doses anesthetic effects by suppressing CNS activity. Therefore, the correct option is 'Supress CNS'. The other options are incorrect because barbiturates do not stimulate the CNS, do not have no action, and do not produce an excitation effect.
The rate of filtration in rapid sand filtration method of purification of water is__________.
A)
5-10 m3/m2/hr
B)
5-15 m3/m2/hr
C)
1-5 m3/m2/hr
D)
15-20 m3/m2/hr
In rapid sand filtration, water is filtered at a much higher rate than in slow sand filtration. The standard filtration rate is about 5–10 m3/m2/hr. Options (c) and lower rates are typical of slow sand filtration, while (d) is too high for the usual rapid sand filter range.
Normally eggs are operculated in __________.
A)
Nematodes
B)
Trematodes
C)
Cestodes
D)
None of these
Operculated eggs have a lid-like opening called an operculum. This is a characteristic feature of many trematodes (flukes), especially digenetic trematodes. Nematode eggs are generally non-operculated, and cestodes also typically do not have operculated eggs. Therefore, the correct answer is Trematodes.
The “three R’s” of waste management in waste hierarchy.
A)
Reduce, Reuse and Recover
B)
Reduce, Recycle and Recover
C)
Reuse, Recycle and Recover
D)
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
The standard “three R’s” in waste management are Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. This is the core waste hierarchy: first reduce waste generation, then reuse items, and finally recycle materials. The other options include “recover,” which is not part of the traditional three R’s.
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream.
A)
Bacteremia
B)
Toxemia
C)
Septicemia
D)
All of these
Viable bacteria present and circulating in the bloodstream is called bacteremia. Toxemia means toxins in the blood, and septicemia refers to a more severe blood infection with systemic illness, not just the presence of viable bacteria alone. Therefore, the correct answer is bacteremia.
Final host for Sarcocystis hominis is __________.
A)
Man
B)
Dog
C)
Cattle
D)
None of these
Sarcocystis hominis uses **man (human)** as the final/definitive host, where sexual reproduction occurs in the intestinal epithelium. **Cattle** act as the intermediate host. Dog is not the final host for S. hominis. Therefore, the correct answer is **Man**.
The father of modern parasitology.
A)
Robert Ettinger
B)
Victor McKusick
C)
Thomas Starzl
D)
Francesco Redi
Francesco Redi is known as the father of modern parasitology because he laid the foundation for experimental study of parasites and disproved spontaneous generation through his work on maggots and parasites. The other options are associated with medicine/genetics/transplant surgery, not parasitology.