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Past Questions
The “Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017 - 2030” was approved by the World Health Assembly in __________.
A)
2015
B)
2017
C)
2019
D)
2021
The Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) 2017–2030 was endorsed/approved by the World Health Assembly in 2017. The title itself includes the period 2017–2030, and the official WHO adoption year is 2017. Therefore, option (b) is correct. The other years do not match the WHA approval year.
The ‘Papyri’ were the first written account of medical experiences by the __________ during 1900 B.C.
A)
Romans
B)
Egyptians
C)
Japanese
D)
Assurians
The term ‘Papyri’ refers to ancient Egyptian medical writings on papyrus scrolls. These are considered among the earliest written records of medical experiences, dating back to around 1900 B.C. Therefore, the correct answer is Egyptians. The other options are incorrect because Romans, Japanese, and Assyrians are not associated with these earliest papyri medical records.
According to OIE __________ is also known as Blue ear disease.
A)
ASF
B)
SF
C)
PRRS
D)
None of these
Blue ear disease is the common name for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), especially the acute form in pigs where cyanosis of the ears can occur. ASF is African swine fever and SF is swine fever, neither is called blue ear disease. Therefore, the correct option is PRRS.
Post - hepatic jaundice is also known as __________.
A)
Toxic Jaundice
B)
Obstructive Jaundice
C)
Hemolytic Jaundice
D)
None of these
Post-hepatic jaundice occurs due to obstruction to the flow of bile after it leaves the liver, usually in the bile ducts. Therefore, it is called obstructive jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is pre-hepatic, and toxic jaundice is not the standard synonym for post-hepatic jaundice.
Tigroid heart is seen in __________.
A)
Black quarter
B)
Foot and mouth disease
C)
Vesicular exanthema
D)
None of these
Tigroid heart refers to the mottled appearance of the myocardium due to focal degeneration/necrosis, classically seen in Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) because the virus can affect the heart muscle, especially in young animals. In black quarter, the typical lesion is emphysematous swelling and muscle necrosis, not tigroid heart. Vesicular exanthema mainly causes vesicular lesions, not this cardiac change. Hence the correct answer is Foot and mouth disease.
The parasites that lives inside the cells within the host. Eg. erythrocytes.
A)
Intercellular parasites
B)
Intracellular parasites
C)
Endoparasites
D)
None of these
Parasites that live inside the cells of the host are called intracellular parasites. Erythrocytes are host cells, so a parasite residing inside them is intracellular. Intercellular parasites live between cells, and endoparasites is a broader term for parasites living inside the body, not specifically inside cells.
__________ is declared as World TB Day.
A)
24th March
B)
14th March
C)
4th March
D)
24th May
World TB Day is observed on 24th March every year, commemorating Dr. Robert Koch’s announcement in 1882 of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus. Hence, option (a) is correct. The other dates are not associated with World TB Day.
Gastrin is secreted by__________.
A)
Fundic stomach
B)
Cardiac stomach
C)
Pyloric stomach
D)
All of these
Gastrin is secreted by G cells, which are mainly located in the pyloric antrum of the stomach. The pyloric stomach is therefore the correct answer. The fundic and cardiac regions do not secrete gastrin as their main function, so options (a) and (b) are incorrect. Since gastrin is not secreted by all regions, option (d) is also incorrect.
An antidote of heparin overdose is?
A)
Protamine sulphate
B)
Atropine
C)
Ca salt
D)
Dicumerol
Heparin is an anticoagulant, and its overdose is reversed by protamine sulphate, which binds to heparin and neutralizes its action. Atropine is used for cholinergic effects, calcium salts are not the antidote for heparin, and dicumerol is itself an anticoagulant, not an antidote.
The term anaesthesia was coined by __________.
A)
Oliver Wendell Holmes
B)
Oswald Schmiedeberg
C)
John J. Abel
D)
Friedrich Serturner
The term ‘anaesthesia’ was coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1846. He suggested the word to describe the state of loss of sensation produced during surgery. The other options are known for other contributions: Oswald Schmiedeberg is regarded as a founder of modern pharmacology, John J. Abel is a pioneer of American pharmacology, and Friedrich Sertürner isolated morphine from opium.
Irregularities in the size of R.B.C.
A)
Poikilocytosis
B)
Anisocytosis
C)
Spherocytosis
D)
None of these
Irregularity in the size of red blood cells (RBCs) is called anisocytosis. Poikilocytosis refers to irregularity in the shape of RBCs, while spherocytosis specifically means spherical RBCs. Therefore, the correct answer is anisocytosis.
Father of experimental pathology.
A)
Rudolph Virchow
B)
Antonio Benevieni
C)
Julius Cohnheim
D)
None of these
Antonio Benevieni is regarded as the father of experimental pathology. Rudolph Virchow is known as the father of cellular pathology, while Julius Cohnheim made major contributions to experimental pathology but is not credited with being its father. Therefore, the correct answer is Antonio Benevieni.
Drug used as anthelmentic by producing its effect by GABA mediated hyper polarization is:
A)
Albendazole
B)
Mebendazole
C)
Fenbendazole
D)
Ivermectin
Ivermectin acts as an anthelmintic by enhancing GABA-mediated neurotransmission in parasites, leading to hyperpolarization, paralysis, and death of the worm. Albendazole, mebendazole, and fenbendazole are benzimidazoles; they act mainly by inhibiting microtubule formation and are not GABA-mediated drugs.
The rate of filtration in rapid sand filtration method of purification of water is__________.
A)
5-10 m3/m2/hr
B)
5-15 m3/m2/hr
C)
1-5 m3/m2/hr
D)
15-20 m3/m2/hr
In rapid sand filtration, water is filtered at a much higher rate than in slow sand filtration. The standard filtration rate is about 5–10 m3/m2/hr. Options (c) and lower rates are typical of slow sand filtration, while (d) is too high for the usual rapid sand filter range.
Normally eggs are operculated in __________.
A)
Nematodes
B)
Trematodes
C)
Cestodes
D)
None of these
Operculated eggs have a lid-like opening called an operculum. This is a characteristic feature of many trematodes (flukes), especially digenetic trematodes. Nematode eggs are generally non-operculated, and cestodes also typically do not have operculated eggs. Therefore, the correct answer is Trematodes.
Sweet curdling in milk is due to:-
A)
Bacillus subtilis
B)
Bacillus lactis
C)
Streptococcus lactis
D)
Lactobacillus casei
Sweet curdling of milk is caused by lactic acid bacteria, especially Streptococcus lactis, which ferment lactose and produce acid, leading to curdling without putrefactive foul smell. Bacillus subtilis is associated with ropiness/spoilage, while Lactobacillus casei is more commonly associated with later stages of souring, not specifically sweet curdling.
Cefixime is classified under __________.
A)
Second generation short acting cephalosporins
B)
Third generation long acting cephalosporins
C)
Second generation parenteral cephalosporins
D)
Fourth generation parenteral cephalosporins
Cefixime is an oral third-generation cephalosporin with a long half-life, so it is classified as a third-generation long-acting cephalosporin. Option (a) is wrong because cefixime is not second generation. Option (c) is wrong because it is not a parenteral second-generation drug. Option (d) is wrong because cefixime is not a fourth-generation cephalosporin.
According to CDC the biosafety guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) virus isolation, culturing and characterization should be done in __________ laboratory.
A)
Biosafety level -1
B)
Biosafety level -2
C)
Biosafety level -3
D)
Biosafety level - 4 .
CDC guidance states that work involving SARS-CoV-2 virus isolation, culturing, and characterization should be performed in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory, with appropriate containment practices. BSL-1 is for agents not known to cause disease in healthy adults, BSL-2 is for moderate-risk agents, and BSL-4 is reserved for dangerous/exotic agents with high risk and no available treatment.
“Cage layer fatigue” in laying hens is due to __________ deficiency.
A)
Iron
B)
Calcium
C)
Selenium
D)
Phosphorus
Cage layer fatigue in laying hens is primarily due to calcium deficiency, often associated with the high calcium demand for eggshell formation. When calcium intake is inadequate, hens may develop weak bones, paralysis, and difficulty standing. Iron deficiency causes anemia, selenium deficiency is linked to white muscle disease, and phosphorus deficiency can affect bone development, but the classic cause of cage layer fatigue is calcium deficiency.
The quantitative study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs (What the drugs does to the body?).
A)
Pharmacodynamics
B)
Pharmacokinetics.
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Pharmacodynamics is the study of what a drug does to the body, including its biological and therapeutic effects, mechanism of action, and dose-response relationship. Pharmacokinetics, in contrast, describes what the body does to the drug—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is Pharmacodynamics.
Lignocaine acts by _________.
A)
Blocking sodium channel
B)
Inhibiting magnesium channel
C)
Stimulating sodium channel
D)
Blocking calcium channel
Lignocaine (lidocaine) is a local anesthetic. It works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes, which prevents sodium influx, stops depolarization, and thereby inhibits nerve impulse conduction. The other options are incorrect because lignocaine does not act by blocking calcium channels, inhibiting magnesium channels, or stimulating sodium channels.
The site of incision of thoracocentesis is
A)
3-5th rib
B)
5-7th rib
C)
8th rib
D)
8-9th rib
Correct option: B. 5-7th rib. The selected option best matches the fact, rule, calculation, or passage-based inference required. Topic: Medical / Health Sciences.
Hepatic Coccidiosis in rabbits is caused by ______________________.
A)
Eimeria zuernii
B)
Eimeria tenella
C)
Eimeria magna
D)
Eimeria stiedae
Correct option: D. Eimeria stiedae. The selected option best matches the fact, rule, calculation, or passage-based inference required. Topic: Medical / Health Sciences.
Cesarean section is more difficult to perform in which species in comparison to other domestic animals
A)
Sow
B)
Bitch
C)
Mare
D)
Ewe
Correct option: C. Mare. The selected option best matches the fact, rule, calculation, or passage-based inference required. Topic: Medical / Health Sciences.
Presence of Glucose in urine can be detected by ________ test.
A)
Robert’s test
B)
Benedict’s test
C)
Rothera’s test
D)
Gmelin’s test
Correct option: B. Benedict’s test. The selected option best matches the fact, rule, calculation, or passage-based inference required. Topic: Medical / Health Sciences.