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Past Questions
A Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) that brings about Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) response.
A)
Class I MHC molecules
B)
Class II MHC molecules
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are primarily associated with Class I MHC molecules because they present endogenous antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which are the main effector cells in CMI. Class II MHC molecules present exogenous antigens to CD4+ helper T cells and are more closely related to helping activate immune responses rather than directly mediating CMI. Therefore, the correct answer is Class I MHC molecules.
A relatively short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication is called:
A)
Primer
B)
Okazaki fragment
C)
Klenow fragment
D)
None of these
During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short DNA segments. These short fragments are called Okazaki fragments. A primer is only a short RNA segment that starts synthesis, and the Klenow fragment is a DNA polymerase I fragment, not a replication product.
Stage III of Inhalant anesthesia with plane __________ is use for surgical operation.
A)
Plane I
B)
Plane II
C)
Plane III
D)
Plane IV
In inhalant anesthesia, Stage III is the surgical anesthesia stage. It is divided into four planes. Plane II is the commonly used plane for surgical operations because reflexes are adequately depressed and muscle relaxation is sufficient for surgery. Plane I is too light, while Plane III and Plane IV represent progressively deeper anesthesia and may lead to dangerous depression of vital functions.
Laughing gas is __________.
A)
Carbon dioxide
B)
Sulphur dioxide
C)
Nitrous oxide
D)
None of these
Laughing gas is the common name for nitrous oxide (N2O). It was historically used as an anesthetic and causes a brief feeling of euphoria, which is why it is called laughing gas. Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are different gases and are not known by this name.
An antidote for organophospate poisoning.
A)
Naloxone
B)
Flumazenil
C)
Digoxin
D)
Atropin
Organophosphate poisoning causes excess acetylcholine due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to cholinergic symptoms. Atropine is the standard antidote for the muscarinic effects of organophosphate poisoning. Naloxone is an opioid antidote, flumazenil is used for benzodiazepine overdose, and digoxin is not an antidote.
“Star-gazing posture” of chicks is due to deficiency of __________.
A)
Vitamin B1
B)
Vitamin B2
C)
Vitamin B6
D)
Vitamin B12
‘Star-gazing’ posture in chicks is a nervous disorder classically associated with thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Vitamin B1 deficiency causes neurological signs such as opisthotonos/‘star gazing’. Vitamin B2 deficiency more typically causes curled-toe paralysis and riboflavin deficiency signs, while B6 and B12 deficiencies do not classically produce this specific posture.
__________ is a “Programme cell death” or cell suicide.
A)
Apoptosis
B)
Karryorrhexis
C)
Karyolysis
D)
Necrosis
Apoptosis is the term for programmed cell death, also called cell suicide. It is a controlled process by which cells die without causing inflammation. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus, karyolysis means dissolution of the nucleus, and necrosis is accidental/uncontrolled cell death due to injury.
A substances used to measure glomerular filtration rate.
A)
Insulin
B)
Inulin
C)
Diodrast
D)
All of these
Inulin is the classic substance used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because it is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is neither reabsorbed, secreted, synthesized, nor metabolized by the kidneys. Insulin is not used for this purpose, and diodrast was historically used mainly for measuring renal plasma flow, not GFR. Therefore, the correct answer is Inulin.
Oxyuris equi are commonly known as :
A)
Pin worm
B)
Caecal worm
C)
Stomach worm
D)
None of these
Oxyuris equi is the equine pinworm, commonly called pin worm. It lives in the large intestine of horses and causes irritation around the anus. The other options are incorrect: caecal worm refers to Trichonema/strongyle-related worms, and stomach worm refers to parasites like Habronema or Gastrophilus depending on context.
__________ is a measure of the effective concentration of a drug.
A)
Occupancy
B)
Efficacy
C)
Potency
D)
None of these
Potency is the measure of the amount or concentration of a drug needed to produce a given effect, so it reflects the drug's effective concentration. Efficacy refers to the maximum effect a drug can produce, and occupancy refers to receptor binding, not concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is Potency.
Digestive enzyme of pancrease is __________.
A)
Insulin
B)
Glucagon
C)
Pepsinogen
D)
Zymogen
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes in an inactive form called zymogens (proenzymes), such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase. These are later activated in the intestine. Insulin and glucagon are pancreatic hormones, not digestive enzymes. Pepsinogen is a stomach enzyme precursor, not a pancreatic secretion.
The quantitative study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs (What the drugs does to the body?).
A)
Pharmacodynamics
B)
Pharmacokinetics.
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Pharmacodynamics is the study of what a drug does to the body, including its biological and therapeutic effects, mechanism of action, and dose-response relationship. Pharmacokinetics, in contrast, describes what the body does to the drug—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Therefore, the correct answer is Pharmacodynamics.
“Cage layer fatigue” in laying hens is due to __________ deficiency.
A)
Iron
B)
Calcium
C)
Selenium
D)
Phosphorus
Cage layer fatigue in laying hens is primarily due to calcium deficiency, often associated with the high calcium demand for eggshell formation. When calcium intake is inadequate, hens may develop weak bones, paralysis, and difficulty standing. Iron deficiency causes anemia, selenium deficiency is linked to white muscle disease, and phosphorus deficiency can affect bone development, but the classic cause of cage layer fatigue is calcium deficiency.
The adverse effect of anticancerous drugs is __________.
A)
constipation
B)
bleeding
C)
lameness
D)
convulsions
Anticancer drugs commonly suppress bone marrow, causing thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). This increases the risk of bleeding, which is a well-known adverse effect. Constipation, lameness, and convulsions are not the typical general adverse effect of anticancer drugs in this context.
Post - hepatic jaundice is also known as __________.
A)
Toxic Jaundice
B)
Obstructive Jaundice
C)
Hemolytic Jaundice
D)
None of these
Post-hepatic jaundice occurs due to obstruction to the flow of bile after it leaves the liver, usually in the bile ducts. Therefore, it is called obstructive jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is pre-hepatic, and toxic jaundice is not the standard synonym for post-hepatic jaundice.
Lignocaine acts by _________.
A)
Blocking sodium channel
B)
Inhibiting magnesium channel
C)
Stimulating sodium channel
D)
Blocking calcium channel
Lignocaine (lidocaine) is a local anesthetic. It works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes, which prevents sodium influx, stops depolarization, and thereby inhibits nerve impulse conduction. The other options are incorrect because lignocaine does not act by blocking calcium channels, inhibiting magnesium channels, or stimulating sodium channels.
‘Eye worm’ of poultry is:
A)
Oxyspirura mansoni
B)
Heterakis gallinarum
C)
Syngamus trachea
D)
Subulura brumpti
The 'eye worm' of poultry is Oxyspirura mansoni, a nematode that parasitizes the conjunctival sac and related tissues of birds, especially chickens. Heterakis gallinarum is the cecal worm, Syngamus trachea is the gapeworm, and Subulura brumpti is an intestinal nematode, not the eye worm.
Which of the following is a stop codon in DNA?
A)
UAG
B)
UAA
C)
UGA
D)
All of these
The three stop codons in the genetic code are UAA, UAG, and UGA. Although the question says “in DNA,” these codons are usually written in mRNA as UAA/UAG/UGA; the corresponding DNA template triplets would be different. Since all three listed codons are stop codons, the correct answer is “All of these.”
The rate of multiplication of bacteria slows down in __________.
A)
Lag phase
B)
Exponential or Log phase
C)
Stationary phase
D)
Death phase
Bacterial growth has distinct phases: lag phase (adaptation, little or no multiplication), exponential/log phase (rapid maximum multiplication), stationary phase (nutrients become limited and waste accumulates, so the rate of multiplication slows and equals the rate of death), and death phase (more cells die than are formed). Therefore, the rate of multiplication slows down in the stationary phase. Lag phase is not multiplication phase, log phase is the fastest growth phase, and death phase is decline rather than just slowed multiplication.
The larval form of T. solium that causes Cysticercosis in man is__________.
A)
Cysticercus cellulosae
B)
Cysticercus bovis
C)
Echinococcus granulosus
D)
All of these
Taenia solium is the pork tapeworm. Its larval stage is called Cysticercus cellulosae, and when this larva infects humans it causes cysticercosis. Cysticercus bovis is the larval stage of Taenia saginata, not T. solium. Echinococcus granulosus is a different parasite altogether, so option (d) is incorrect.
According to OIE __________ is also known as Blue ear disease.
A)
ASF
B)
SF
C)
PRRS
D)
None of these
Blue ear disease is the common name for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), especially the acute form in pigs where cyanosis of the ears can occur. ASF is African swine fever and SF is swine fever, neither is called blue ear disease. Therefore, the correct option is PRRS.
An agents which produce sleep and can be awaked by external stimuli.
A)
Narcotics
B)
Hypnotics
C)
Both (a) & (b)
D)
None of these
Hypnotics are drugs that induce sleep, and the person can usually be awakened by external stimuli. Narcotics primarily refer to analgesic/depressant drugs and are not the standard term for sleep-producing agents. Therefore, the correct answer is Hypnotics.
Liver coccidiosis in rabbits is caused by __________.
A)
Eimeria tenella
B)
Eimeria necatrix
C)
Eimeria stiedae
D)
None of these
Liver coccidiosis in rabbits is caused by Eimeria stiedae, which specifically infects the bile ducts and liver. Eimeria tenella mainly causes cecal coccidiosis in chickens, and Eimeria necatrix also affects chickens, not rabbits. Therefore, the correct answer is Eimeria stiedae.
The avian (birds) has __________ which help them in respiration.
A)
Lungs only
B)
Small lungs with air sacs
C)
Air sacs only
D)
None of these
Birds respire with small, compact lungs assisted by a system of air sacs. These air sacs act like bellows, helping maintain a continuous flow of air through the lungs and making respiration very efficient. Hence, the correct answer is 'Small lungs with air sacs'. 'Lungs only' is incomplete because birds have air sacs too, and 'Air sacs only' is incorrect because gas exchange occurs in the lungs, not in the sacs alone.
The post bite vaccination of Rabies recommended by National Rabies Control Programme (NRCP), 2019.
A)
0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
B)
0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days
C)
0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days
D)
0, 7, 14 and 28 days
Under the National Rabies Control Programme (NRCP), 2019, the recommended post-bite (post-exposure) anti-rabies vaccination schedule was the 5-dose regimen on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Therefore, option (a) is correct. Options (b), (c), and (d) do not match the standard NRCP 2019 schedule.